Alternative Fish Feed Research Articles

Utilization of Aquatic Plants and Microalgae for Sustainable Aquaculture Production and Potential Biotechnological Applications

Locally available feedstuffs, such as grain seed cakes, oilseeds, and vegetable waste, hold immense potential as alternative feed sources in fish farming. However, these plant-based ingredients have low crude protein content and lack essential fatty acids, which lowers palatability and feed conversion efficiencies, leading to suboptimal fish growth. Traditional feedstuffs like fishmeal and soybean meal face sustainability challenges such as local unavailability, the presence of anti-nutritional factors, and energy-intensive processing. The rising costs of commercial aqua-feeds and feed scarcity necessitate exploring alternative fish feed options. Aquatic plants like Ipomoea aquatica, Lemna minor, and Azolla pinnata, along with green and blue-green microalgae such as Chlorella spp. and Arthrospira spp. (Spirulina), are promising alternatives due to their high protein content, availability of essential omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), and beneficial bioactive compounds. These plants and microalgae, with crude protein content ranging from 25% to 65%, can significantly enhance fish growth, health, and product quality by partially or entirely replacing fishmeal. Their nitrogen-fixing abilities contribute to their high protein levels. Additionally, these organisms have various biotechnological applications, including phytoremediation, Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA), aquaponics, biofloc technology, and constructed wetlands. Despite their potential, challenges in scaling up and integrating these alternatives into existing systems remain. Collaborative efforts and advocacy among farmer groups are crucial for knowledge sharing and fostering sustainable biotechnological solutions. Long-term strategies should focus on upscaling local feed production and research and development to achieve self-sufficiency and cost-effective natural feed production systems in fish farming.

Microbial community-based protein from soybean-processing wastewater as a sustainable alternative fish feed ingredient

As the global demand for food increases, aquaculture plays a key role as the fastest growing animal protein sector. However, existing aquafeeds contain protein ingredients that are not sustainable under current production systems. We evaluated the use of microbial community-based single cell protein (SCP), produced from soybean processing wastewater, as a partial fishmeal protein substitute in juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). A 24-day feeding trial was conducted with a control fishmeal diet and a 50% fishmeal replacement with microbial community-based SCP as an experimental group, in triplicate tanks containing 20 fish each. Both diets met the protein, essential amino acids (except for lysine), and fat requirements for juvenile Asian sea bass. The microbial composition of the SCP was dominated by the genera Acidipropionibacterium and Propioniciclava, which have potential as probiotics and producers of valuable metabolites. The growth performance in terms of percent weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival were not significantly different between groups after 24 days. The experimental group had less variability in terms of weight gain and FCR than the control group. Overall, microbial community-based protein produced from soybean processing wastewater has potential as a value-added feed ingredient for sustainable aquaculture feeds.

Biological Processing of Leguminous Plants as Fish Feed Ingredients

Fish feed has a crucial role in the success of fish farming, namely influencing growth. Development and use of alternative feed in fish farming as a solution to reduce pressure on natural resources and increase the sustainability of the fisheries sector. The use of legume plants as an alternative fish feed ingredient can be used to support the sustainability of fish farming. This review article aims to collect and provide information about several research results regarding the use of legume plants as ingredients in fish feed. The method used in preparing this review article is a literature review. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential, availability, and impact of the use of legume plants on fish growth. Legumes have the potential to be used as fish feed because their protein content ranges from 27-35% and have been proven to have an effect on increasing body weight due to their nutritional content so they can be used as alternative feed.

Economic Empowerment through the Production of Fish Pellet, Organic Fertilizers from Maggots, and Catfish Nuggets from Budikdamber in Kronggahan Hamlet, Gamping, Sleman

Sleman Regency produces the biggest waste pile, which is recorded at 701.95 tons/day, the highest among other Regencies/Cities. (www.sipsn.menlhk.go.id). National data shows that not all waste generated can be managed. Unmanaged waste is 12.4% per year. This unmanaged waste has the potential to cause significant environmental and health problems. Efforts to minimize organic waste have been carried out by Kronggahan residents, namely by utilizing waste bioconversion technology with maggot black soldier fly (BSF). Besides being able to reduce the generation of waste produced by BSF maggot, it can be used as an alternative fish feed that has economic value and high nutritional content for fish and livestock. With this technology using BSF, it can reduce organic waste by ± 70%. In addition to the use of organic waste, Padukuhan Kronggahan has also developed several activities such as the manufacture of processed ready-to-eat food products, the development of aquaponics and budikdamber (budidaya ikan dalam ember) where the crops can be an added value for food security in Padukuhan Kronggahan. The purpose of this program is to increase the carrying capacity of the community and stakeholders related to the development of Rumah Maggot to become a vehicle for education and community economic empowerment with an environmental perspective, increase community knowledge regarding community empowerment programs in environment-based waste management, foster knowledge and public awareness in maintaining and improving health to prevent an increase in the prevalence of PTM which will affect the quality of life of the community and the economic impact due to long-term treatment, increase knowledge and skills related to Making Maggot into Maggot Pellets, an alternative to processing fish and vegetables produced from budikdamber and packaging pellet products, cassava fertilizers and processed healthy food for increase the economic value and marketing methods of finished products The method of implementing this program is socialization, coordination and consolidation, preparation of educational media, and training packages that are integrated with other productive economic activities. With these efforts, it is hoped that the program will be able to socialize more broadly, be able to be duplicated or become a pilot for other regions or agencies in terms of community empowerment-based organic waste management and have economic value.

Microalgae as an aquaculture feed produced in a short light-path annular column photobioreactor

In this work, four microalgae species (Chlorella vulgaris, Trachydiscus minutus, Monodopsis sp., and Monoraphidium sp.) were selected and grown in a novel, 30 L short-light path annular-column photobioreactor (AC-PBR). The aim was to test the microalgae growth on a pilot scale and evaluate the potential use as an alternative fish feed in hatcheries based on the content and composition of fatty acids. All microalgae species reached a high biomass density between 3.65 and 5.32 g DW L−1 during a 14-day trial. The highest growth rate of 0.25 ± 0.05 d−1 was calculated for Trachydiscus culture. The highest total content of fatty acids (TFA) was determined for Monodopsis and Trachydiscus biomass as the concentration reached 74.5 ± 6.3 and 72.4 ± 7.6 mg g−1 DW, respectively. These two species contained mostly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n3), the crucial FA for carnivorous fish whose concentration reached the value of 25.3 ± 0.9% and 31.9 ± 2.0% of TFA for Monodopsis and Trachydiscus, respectively. A high amount of linoleic acid (LA; C18:2n6), another important FA for freshwater aquafeed, was found in Chlorella biomass up to the concentration of 21.9 ± 1.5% of TFA. The present results suggest the feasibility of in-house cultivation of selected microalgae species as a quality live feed source for fish hatcheries.

Potential utilization of mussel meals as an alternative fish feed raw material for aquaculture

Increasing the target of aquaculture production will increase the need for feed which an increase will follow in the need for fish meal. The constraint in aquaculture fish feed dependence on a fish meal import is known. In efforts to find local raw materials to reduce dependence on fish meals, one source of quality animal protein from marine resources as raw material for feed that needs to be studied and developed is mollusks or mussels. This review summarizes the use of mussel meal in aquaculture feed and is expected to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing studies’ potential on mussels meal used as a feed ingredient in fish feed. Many species of mussel have been tested for raw material in fish feed such as blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), Freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina & Unio mancus), Mytilus edulis L and Green mussel (Perna viridis). Mussels contain high levels of nutrients and bio-actives which were utilized in the form of mussel meals for feed ingredients. The constraint mussels have high heavy metals such as Pb, Hg and Pb. The utilization of mussel meals as a source of protein feed could increase the growth of several types of cultured fish. One alternative used organic acid as a feed additive to reduce toxicity of heavy metals in fish. The conclusion is that mussel meals have the potential as raw material and an alternative protein source to reduce dependence on a fish meal in aquaculture fish feed.

Counseling on Duckweed utilization as an alternative Fish feed in Cikeruh Village, Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regency

Counseling on Duckweed utilization as an alternative Fish feed in Cikeruh Village, Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regency

Literature review on fermentation factors of restaurant organic waste affecting feed quality

The high level of public consumption, balanced with the increasingly dense population globally, makes food waste more and more. Food waste is the second-largest contributor to waste in the world. Moreover, the lack of food waste management makes this condition even worse. This food waste can be found, one of which is in restaurants, school canteens, food courts, and others. Fermentation is the process of breaking down complex substances into simpler ones. A fermentation process can help process food waste into various products such as liquid organic fertilizer, compost, biogas, and raw material for fish feed. Through the fermentation process, food waste can be used as an alternative fish feed with high nutritional content to benefit fish cultivators. Fish need many nutrients for their bodies, with food waste that has been processed will meet the dietary needs of fish. The cultivators will benefit more from the cost of feed and the sale of fish that can meet consumer needs.Moreover, the demand for the fish market is increasing every year. Several factors play a role in the success of the food waste fermentation process and the quality of the resulting product to be converted into fish feed raw materials. These factors include incubation time, pH acidity, and microbial factors that can accelerate the spoilage of fish feed raw materials.Keywords:Fermentation,Restaurant wasteFish feedFactorsQuality of feed IngredientsLiterature review on fermentation factors of restaurant organic waste affecting feed quality

Effects of different combination of culture medium on growth and nutrition content of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illuens)

Fish feed is the most essential necessity and the biggest contributor on production cost of fish cultivation. As much as 50-70% production cost is for fish feed. It can be deducted by made alternative fish feed. Black soldier fly larvae is an alternative fish feed with high protein content and most importantly it is cheap. The aim of this research was to evaluate the growth and nutrition content of black soldier fly larvae which cultivated in different medium. Medium used in this study was combination of coconut pulp residue and three other different medium, such as tofu dregs, sago dregs, and rice bran. Each combination had three different level of concentration, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5 (w:w). It was evaluated for nutrition content (proximate analysis), biomass, and dried yield. The result showed combination of coconut pulp and sago dregs 1:5 produced the highest biomass (465 g), but black soldier fly larvae produced from combination of coconut pulp residue and tofu dregs 1:3 had the highest protein content (39.78%). The best medium to produce black soldier fly larvae based on multiple attribute decision making (MADM) method was from the combination of coconut pulp residue and sago dregs 1:5 (w:w). It had 465 g biomass, 186 g dried yield, 23.73% protein, 47.67% fat, and 22.15% carbohydrate.

Utilization of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as Fish Feed Ingredient

A freshwater plant, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is commonly found in public waters in Indonesia. Water hyacinth often experiences blooming which causes negative impacts such as lowering oxygen levels, reducing the number of fish, increasing evapotranspiration, disrupting transportation, becoming habitat for disease vectors, and others. However, water hyacinth can be used as an alternative raw material because it still contains nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Water hyacinth also has potential as an antibacterial agent because it contains secondary metabolites (alkaloids, saponins, steroid compounds, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, and cardiac glycosides). The utilization of water hyacinth as fish feed ingredient has been shown to give positive effect on the growth of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), goldfish (Cyprinus carpio), and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) seeds. The use of water hyacinth as an alternative fish feed ingredient can be a solution to reduce production costs and reduce the impact of water hyacinth blooms.

Potential of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) in Rawapening lake as raw material for fish feed

Feed is a major factor in determining the success of aquaculture business. The quality and quantity of feeding properly will maximize the growth of fish. Various research and application of technology has been made to obtain alternative feed source so as to reduce the level of dependence on the food production industry. The eutrophication condition of Rawapening Lake has triggered the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) to grow out of control. It speeds up the loss of water weeds, cover the surface of the water into the fishing area and degrade water quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of water hyacinth as an alternative fish feed ingredient. In addition, it is also an effort to control the growth of water hyacinth in Rawapening Lake. The descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach was chosen in this study. After making flour, water hyacinth has a protein content of 12.51%. Water hyacinth fine flour mixed with other ingredients including fish meal and fish feed bisamenghasilkan rice bran protein content of 30.2477%. The results of testing the stability of feed in water (Water Stability Feed) showed that the feed was destroyed after being immersed in cold water for 17 hours. The buoyancy test shows the feed is classified as a submerged type. The feed sinks because it has a specific gravity which is greater than the specific gravity of water. The feed hardness test shows that the feed is not destroyed after being given a load of 500 grams. The heavier the load that the feed can hold, it means the feed is getting harder. Protein content of 30.2477% indicates that alternative fish feed has competitive quality because it is able to meet the protein needs of cultivated fish. Especially fish cultivated in tropical areas which have lower protein requirements (20-30%).

BLACK SOLDIER MAGGOT AS PROTEIN ALTERNATIVE FISH FEED IN PRODUCING A GOOD PERFORMANCE OF Clarias sp.

Black soldier maggot (Hermetia sp.) has a good prospective as protein alternative fish feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of feeding Black soldier fly maggot on Clarias sp cultivation. The method used in this research was an experimental method with hypothesis testing using a randomized block design. It consisted of two treatments and 5 replications. Moreover, the parameter observed in this study were the length of Clarias sp. and weight of Clarias sp. Based on the research hypothesis testing using one-way ANOVA calculation, the length of Clarias sp. obtained f count 53.4, weight Clarias sp . It was obtained f count 3576.04, while f table 3.88. It states that, f count more than f table on length and weight of Clarias sp. Based on the average analysis, it is found that giving Black soldier fly maggot feed gives the best results because it has the highest average results.

Golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) as an alternative protein source in Pasupati catfish (Pangasius sp.) fish feed

Abstract. Pertiwi MP, Saputri DD. 2020. Golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) as an alternative protein source in Pasupati catfish (Pangasius sp.) fish feed. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 162-167. Research on efforts to conserve golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) meat has been done. This research aimed to utilize the snail meat as an alternative feed for the Pasupati catfish (Pangasius sp.). The research was carried out from May to August 2020. It began by collecting Pomacea canaliculata by hand sorting then processed into artificial feed/pellets. The research was CRD designed with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Pasupati catfish juvenil measuring 7.4 ± 0.8 cm and weighing 11.7 ± 0.5 g, was maintained for 21 days with a stocking density of 15 individuals/aquarium. Feeding as much as 8% of the biomass with a frequency of feeding 3 times a day at satiation. Variables measured were SGR, L, RP, FCR, and SR. The results showed that feed B produced the best fish growth and could be an alternative fish feed without having a negative effect on growth and feed utilization. Feed B (90% fish meal + 10% Pomacea canaliculata meat meal) had the highest SGR value and was supported by a high PR value and a low FCR value. In addition, there is a difference among variables, despite least significant. ANOVA test also supports the differences between treatments, but HSD test (p<0,05) is not significantly different. This means that the addition of the percentage of P. canaliculata meat meal to the feed does not provide a good performance of the Pasupati catfish. Value of abiotic parameters was ​​to support fish farming.

Wood for food: Economic impacts of sustainable use of forest biomass for salmon feed production in Norway

Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food producing sector in the world with an annual growth rate of 7%. In Norway alone production of this industry is projected to expand from 1.2 million tons today to 5 million tons by 2050, implying a rapid increase in the demand for sustainable salmon feed alternatives to conventional feed resources such as fish meal and fish oil. Yeast produced from nonfood resources such as wood can serve as a high-quality protein source for farmed fish. In this study we analyze how commercial wood-based feed production in Norway using softwood chips from roundwood and sawmill residues will influence wood fiber prices. Such production will have to compete for wood fiber with wood-based bioenergy in particular, and the analyses were done assuming three main scenarios of expected global consumption of wood for bioenergy. The first scenario (Base) assumes a modest use of wood-based bioenergy reflecting the EU climate mitigation target for 2030. The second (MaxEnergy) and third (MaxEnergyLowRes) scenarios assume using bioenergy at a scale sufficient to fulfill IPCC's 2 °C climate mitigation target, with the only difference that in the MaxBio scenario tree stump utilization is allowed in Europe and USA. The bio-economic global partial equilibrium model EFI-GTM was applied to assess the economic impacts. Yeast production from wood in Norway could be able to pay from 37 to 64 euro/m3 of wood delivered mill site, the large variation depending on the yeast production costs other than wood biomass and the price of alternative fish feed resources. Other factors e.g. improved salmon health due to using wood-based yeast and environmental policy regulations of soya meal productions may increase this paying ability. To get 3 million m3 of wood per year during the period 2020–2030 for producing 330 t yeast it would be necessary to pay about 54, 47 and 55 euro/m3 in the scenarios Base, Bio and BioLowRes, respectively. The wood quantity supplied to the salmon feed production from additional Norwegian harvest will be rather low. If production of wood-based yeast for fish feed proves to be viable in Norway, it is likely to be attractive also in other aquaculture regions like North- and South America and Scotland, implying increased wood demand and higher wood prices than estimated above. Microbial ingredients like yeast produced from non-food biomass such as wood, offer potentials for commercial production. However, the present costs of producing yeast from lignocellulosic biomass may still be too high, and there is a need to develop more efficient processes for economic utilization.

Nutrient digestibility of green seaweed Ulva meal and the influence on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Green seaweed Ulva had a high growth rate and spread in all of Indonesian waters. Species Ulva had a complete nutrient content that made it potential to be used as an alternative fish feed ingredient. This experiment was conducted in two series of trial, digestibility measurement of Ulva meal and its effects on the growth performance of the Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). In measuring the nutrient digestibility, a protein rich diet was formulated with a test diet in which 30% of the reference diet was replaced with Ulva meal, used Cr2O3 as an inert marker. Fish with initial weight about 16±0.35 g were stocked with a density of 15 fish per aquarium and collecting faeces is carried out until sufficient sample was available for analysis. The growth trial was conducted using a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. The experimental diets were U0 (Ulva 0%), U10 (Ulva 10%), U20 (Ulva 20%) and U30 (Ulva 30%). The Nile tilapia with an average body weight of 3.42±0.01 g, were stocked into the 60x50x50 cm aquaria with 25 fish in each tank and cultured for 60 days. Fish were fed three times daily on those diets at satiation level. The parameters which evaluated were specific growth rate, protein retention, lipid retention, feed efficiency, survival rate and blood hematology of the Nile tilapia. The results of digestibility measurement showed that Ulva meal had acceptable nutrients as an ingredient in Nile tilapia diet. Protein digestibility of Ulva meal was 87.36%, while lipid was 93.05%. The results of growth trial revealed that fish fed on 10% Ulva meal tended to have highest growth performance than those fed to the control, while the survival rate and fish health seemed not to be affected directly (P>0.05).

INTEGRASI USAHATANI DENGAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH TERNAK DI DESA SAPEN, MOJOLABAN, SUKOHARJO

Integrated aquaculture management systems, aquaculture, and crop cultivation can be implemented in synergy where each business that supports each other, supports each other, support each other, by optimally utilizing the potential resources needed. Sapen Village, Mojoaban District, Sukoharjo Regency chose the location of empowerment because it has the potential for integrated farming. Livestock waste that is diverted and converted into pollution sources, on the other hand, the fishery business is very dependent on pellet feed, it is agreed that integration will occur, so the problem of livestock waste can be solved by presenting natural food sources for the fishing business. The program carried out is the socialization of alternative animal feed selection and the socialization of how to make alternative feed. The selection of alternative fish feed, besides being able to incur fish farmers' production costs, is also a form of integration between cattle and goat groups and fish livestock groups. From the implementation of this community service program, it will gain new knowledge about the management of agricultural waste by developing earthworm (lumbricus rubelius) cultivation as fish feed ingredients. Besides, the public also gained new knowledge about how to process livestock as an alternative to fish food.Keyword: integrated farming systems, livestock waste breeding, alternative fish feed

Effect of probiotic duration and dose of coffee peel fermentation (Coffea sp.) on crude protein and crude fiber as an alternative fish feed ingredient

The research aimed to find out whether there was interaction between fermentation duration and probiotics dose toward the increase in crude protein and decrease in crude fiber content in coffee peel. This research was experimental using complete randomized design (RAL) factorial, data analysis using duncan. The result of the research showed that there was interaction between duration and probiotics doses in coffee peel fermentation to crude protein in day 5 of fermentation duration with probiotics dose of 5%, it was the highest result of crude protein content. There was no interaction between duration fermentation and probiotics dose in fermentation of coffee peel toward crude fiber content in day 7 duration of fermentation with probiotics dose of 5%, it was the result of the lowest crude fiber. Fermentation in 7 days with dose of 5% was the best result. There was increase of protein from 12.15% to 13.93% and decrease of fiber from 34.27% to 30.8%.

Recent trends in fish feed ingredients – mini review

Fish farming is commonly described as being extensive, semi-intensive or intensive. The continuous growing of aquaculture sector (around 8 % per year) led systems to be more and more intensive. In intensive farming, the fish are kept at high stocking density, that’s why the fish are dependent on the feed provided. Last decades aquaculture became more and more effective, but it has not been without concern for natural resource use, environmental impact and social judgement. Increasing fishmeal (FM) cost, irregular supply, decreasing availability, and poor quality of FM have put forward highlighting on its partial or complete substitution with other alternative protein sources. The fish feed industry has to be very responsible about to use FM alternatives. Scientists have to share on this burden to achieve sustainable, cost-effective aims. Indicators of sustainability in aquaculture could be energy efficiency, use of water, nutrient utilisation efficiency and production costs. The climate change is also affecting the sector, such as the predicted changes in ocean circulation pattern might also have a negative influence on the reliability of small pelagic stocks that being utilized for FM production or the appearance of mycotoxins on terrestrial plants, what could be possible alternative ingredients. The increase of the amount of non-marine ingredients in feeds is the result of years of investment and research in feed formulation to provide the nutrients the fish need to growth and remain healthy. Significant progress has been made over the past decade in reducing levels of FM in commercial feeds for farmed fish. Common obstacles associated with consumption of plant-based protein diets, because many times we face the facts with amino acid imbalances and deficiencies, high levels of indigestible carbohydrates present in certain grain products, and varying antinutritive factors (ANFs) that negatively affect fish growth and health. In this study the recent trends in alternative fish feed ingredients had been reviewed shortly. In conclusion, complete replacement of fishmeal in fish feeds is more difficult and will require further research efforts to achieve the expected goals, but there are many auspicious alternatives.

Proximate Composition of Some Common Alternative Flour as Fish Feed Ingredient

Indonesia has very large territorial water, so it supports the development of the economy in the field of fisheries, one of which is through aquaculture. Recently fish meal has become the most expensive protein ingredient in aquaculture feeds. We aim to proximately analysis of some common alternative flour as fish feed ingredient i.e. fish flour, shrimp head flour, soybean flour, and bran flour to get best-recommended flour for type cultured fish. Fish flour, shrimp head flour, soybean flour, and bran flour was purchased from the fish farmer in Malang who use alternative fish feed flour for their aquaculture. Proximate analysis carried out by protein content, Moisture content, Fat and Fiber. Proximate analysis was conducted in the Fishery Products Engineering laboratory, Brawijaya University on April 2018. The results showed that shrimp head flour had higher protein content than others flour that is about 48.71%, fat and carbohydrate content about 7.99%, and 18.34% respectively. Soybean flour contains protein, fat and carbohydrate about 31.29%, 20.75%, and 30.45% respectively. Carnivorous fish culture can use high protein flour as an alternative ingredient for feed such as fish flour and shrimp head flour; balance proximate composition for omnivorous fish cultures such as soy flour and high carbo flour such as bran flour for herbivorous fish culture. Keywords: Bran flour , Shrimp head flour, Soybean flour, Proximate analysis.

DISEMINASI TEKNOLOGI PEMBUATAN PAKAN BUATAN ALTERNATIF DENGAN CAMPURAN LIMBAH KANGKUNG AIR, IPOMOEA AQUATICA FORKS UNTUK PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN DI SUMATERA BARAT

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk pemanfaatan limbah kangkung air, Ipomoea aquatica Forks, sebagai salah satu bahan baku (material row) pakan buatan alternatif dan meningkatkan pengetahuan serta keterampilan petani ikan (masyarakat) Kelurahan Koto Tangah dalam bidang usaha pembuatan pakan/pelet ikan di Sumatera Barat. Metoda yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah (1) Penyuluhan (ceramah), dan (2) Peragaan pembuatan tepung dari limbah kangkung air dan pembuatan pelet/pakan ikan alternatif dengan campuran tepung kangkung air. Dari hasil kegiatan pengabdian yang telah dilakukan maka dapat diambil beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut:Pengetahuan dan keterampilan kelompok tani sawah laweh dan kelompok tani ikan batang kandis jaya di Desa Sungai Bangek, Kelurahan Balai Gadang, Kec. Koto Tangah Padang sebelum dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian IbM ini masih sangat rendah. Namun demikian motivasi atau keinginan masyarakat kelompok tani mitra IbM untuk melakukan usaha budidaya atau pemeliharaan ikan sangat besar. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari keinginan masyarakat kelompok tani mitra IbM untuk menguasai teknologi pembuatan pakan ikan dari hasil limbah kangkung air sangat tingg. Lebih jauh dari kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini dapat menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mencari pakan alternatif untuk pakan ikan sehingga kegiatan budidaya dapat berjalan dengan baik di kedua daerah mitra.