Alternative Energy Systems Research Articles

Digital Gig Work Under Unstable Energy Infrastructures: Invisible Workarounds and Alternative Imaginaries

Digital upskilling and remote work are frequently presented as pathways for displaced communities who face political, economic crises and employment barriers. The viability and stability of available energy infrastructures for these communities is critical to the long-term success of these proposed job trajectories. In this paper, we investigate how 17 Syrian refugees living in Lebanon navigate their local unstable energy infrastructures to conduct digital gig work and receive digital training. We found that digital gig work and training are workarounds to the political and social inaccessibility of local labor markets for refugees and that participants rely on a series of material energy strategies to optimize their electricity access. We argue that to support refugees conducting digital gig work and training, we must recognize and account for ecological, social, and technological limitations and frailties in the development of technological solutions and draw our attention to how infrastructures are perpetually undergoing processes of breakdown, repair, and renewal. We argue that this attention to ongoing transformation and renewal creates new opportunities for productive and creative reconfiguration as well as modes through which CSCW may intervene in unstable energy contexts. From this perspective, we emphasize the importance of better resourcing displaced communities with information regarding energy access and supporting them in establishing and strengthening their own visions for alternative energy systems and employment pathways.

Optimal power management of a stand-alone hybrid energy management system: Hydro-photovoltaic-fuel cell

The field of electrical engineering with renewable energy systems has witnessed a remarkable improvement due to an increase in the world's growing population as available resources become limited. This study proposes an optimal and efficient hybrid energy management system that combines photovoltaic, hydro, and fuel cell renewable energy resources that can solve the drawbacks of current energy setups and offer a dependable power source for stand-alone purposes. This novel AC-linked hybrid energy system features a comprehensive power management strategy with actual weather data and a realistic load demand profile. The HOMER Pro technique is employed for calculating the emission of toxic gases, system economic benefits, sensitivity analysis and cost minimization of the system while providing sustainability. The numerical outcomes show optimal results as compared to the existing systems in the literature. The system consists of 55 kW of PV modules, a 30 kW FC generator, and 40 kW of hydropower, suggesting optimal and excellent economic and environmental sustainability. This system appeared to be an especially cost-effective solution, with a net present cost (NPC) of $248,773 and a cost of energy (COE) of $0.0546/kWh. The results show that the system can meet energy needs while utilising the available resources efficiently in different weather conditions. The proposed system has the potential to increase the sustainability and dependability of power generation in a variety of applications and aid in the design and implementation of alternative energy systems, particularly in off-grid or remote areas. The proposed system can be extended to other such locations that will provide a scalable and flexible solution for electricity generation, making it suitable for a variety of applications, from small rural power plants to large industrial power supplies. Overall, the proposed study provides an important resource for development in hybrid energy system design and operation, with far-reaching implications for the transition to a sustainable and low-carbon future.

Improved Power Sharing Strategy for Parallel Connected Inverters in Standalone Micro-grid

The primary goal of integrating alternative energy systems such as solar and wind turbines into the power grid using power electronic devices is to meet the growing energy demands. Connecting inverters in parallel effectively enhance power capacity, reliability, and overall system efficiency. However, an uneven power distribution among the inverters is a significant limitation in these parallel connected inverters (PCI). This study focuses on a distributed generation (DG) unit comprising a solar photovoltaic system (SPV) and a battery energy storage system (BESS) connected to voltage source inverters (VSI) 1 and 2. The proposed approach aims to achieve uniform load/power distribution among the inverters with power management, maintaining a constant DC link voltage despite variations in solar irradiation and temperature. Additionally, the strategy targets the reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD) in the load current. The conventional droop control method is restricted in its ability to achieve accurate and uniform power distribution during load changes. An enhanced P-f and Q-E-based droop control technique (EDCT) and a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) have been proposed to address these challenges. Performance analysis using MATLAB/Simulink was conducted with two test cases, and a comparative assessment was carried out with a conventional controller, such as a Proportional Integral Controller (PIC) and Sliding Mode Controller (SMC), to showcase the effectiveness of the developed control technique. The proposed control method ensures equal sharing of active power of 2.5 and 4kW, 2.5 and 7.5kW and reactive powers of 2.5 and 4Vars, 2.5 and 7.5Vars among the inverters for the two cases even during the load change at t=0.5seconds. The settling time for DC link voltage and THD is effectively diminished to 0.03 and 0.25 seconds and 1.18% and 2.87% for the two test case studies of the proposed method, which are much lower than those of existing methods available in the literature.

Enhanced fault detection in polymer electrolyte fuel cells via integral analysis and machine learning

The growing energy demand and population raising require alternative, clean, and sustainable energy systems. During the last few years, hydrogen energy has proven to be a crucial factor under the current conditions. Although the energy conversion process in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is clean and noiseless since the only by-products are heat and water, the inside phenomena are not simple. As a result, correct monitoring of the health situation of the device is required to perform efficiently. This paper aims to explore and evaluate the machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models for predicting classification fault detection in PEFCs. It represents a support for decision-making by the fuel cell operator or user. Seven ML and DL model classifiers are considered. A database comprising 182,156 records and 20 variables arising from the fuel cell's energy conversion process and operating conditions is considered. This dataset is unbalanced; therefore, techniques to balance are applied and analyzed in the training and testing of several models. The results showed that the logistic regression (LR), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and Naive Bayes (NB) models present similar and optimal trends in terms of performance indicators and computational cost; unlike support vector machine (SMV) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) whose performance is affected when the data is balanced and even presents a higher computational cost. Therefore, it is a novel approach for fault detection analysis in PEFC that combines the interpretability of different ML and DL algorithms while addressing data imbalance, so common in the real world, using resampling techniques. This methodology provides clear information for the model decision-making process, improving confidence and facilitating further optimization; in contrast to traditional physics-based models, paving the way for data-driven control strategies.

THE ANALYSIS OF ELECTRON TRANSFER MECHANISM WITHIN FUEL CELL SYSTEMS: ELECTROCHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL APPROACHES

Fuel cells are known as eco-friendly systems considering that only water is produced as a secondary product due to energy-producing reactions. However in order to increase the commercial usage of fuel cells, it is necessary to decrease the costs of the catalysts. In recent studies on alternative energy systems microbial fuel cell systems (MFC) with their basic structure and system allowing wastewater treatment, rise to notice. Inorganic molecules as catalysts and microorganisms instead of enzymes are used in MFCs. A majority of the catalysts are wasted in the traditional catalysts coating methods. The control of the particle size of the Pt is derived by using different powers in the coating process. The Pt-coated carbon electrodes are tested both within a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and MFC. In this study used oxidation bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on the cathode and mixed culture bacteria on the anode of MFC. As a result of using these electrodes the conductivity and ultimately the performance is increased. The performances of both fuel cell systems are investigated with electrochemical measurements. Moreover, the electron transfer mechanism at the cathode is clarified by examining the porphyrin structure of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans via quantum mechanical methods.

Ukraine’s energy supply in the defense sector: The first lessons of war

The terrible consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which continues on the territory of the Ukrainian land, and the consequences of natural disasters indicate the need to create alternative (reserve or emergency) sources of energy supply for enterprises, institutions, and individual households, and objects of small forms of management, especially outside the points of permanent deployment. Ensuring an uninterrupted and stable electricity supply to all these forms is an extremely important problem for Ukraine as the country faced a large number of challenges regarding energy independence due to numerous missile strikes. The purpose of the study was to analyze the energy system and the level of damage to Ukraine after the Russian missile attacks, the impact on the state of energy supply of individual facilities and consumers of military camps, examine the possibilities of using emergency and backup energy sources and alternative energy, in particular, solar and wind. The study analyses the destruction of the energy system of Ukraine as a result of missile attacks and the possibilities of using emergency and backup energy sources and alternative energy, in particular, solar and wind, and the investigation of the potential and opportunities to attract investment in the field of alternative energy. Special attention is paid to small business facilities, including military camps. In the course of the study, it was determined that Ukraine has a geographical location that provides space for the installation of various alternative energy systems and the possibility of combining them to diversify and improve the stability and reliability of the Ukrainian energy system. The practical importance of the study lies in the ability to make more informed decisions regarding the implementation of programs aimed at switching to alternative and decentralized energy sources. This will make the country’s energy infrastructure more stable and allow better meeting the energy needs of small forms of management, individual farms, military units, formations, and infrastructure facilities.

RENWEX 2023

The article briefly describes the main content of the renewable energy exhibition, the main directions of development and the results achieved, the most successful companies in developing the most successful technologies for building promising alternative energy systems.

A multi-criteria approach for comparing alternative fuels and energy systems onboard ships

This paper aims to present the upgrade of the Helper for Energy Layouts in Maritime applications (HELM) software tool, developed by the authors to compare traditional and innovative systems for energy production and storage onboard maritime vessels. The algorithm adopts a multi-criteria method and it carries out the analysis on a large and updated database of market solutions. A wide range of maps is implemented in the tool, correlating costs, volumes, weights, emissions and fuel environmental hazards with energy demand, applicative scenario and vessel type. The equations implemented in the software and the algorithm employed to evaluate and compare the technologies are reported. In this work, four different vessels are investigated, namely: (i) a small sail yacht; (ii) a small passenger ferry for inland water navigation; (iii) a large cruise ship; (iv) a large container ship. For each case study, the choice of the best solution is performed, considering the constraints, the inputs and the single parameters: in all cases, the solution chosen corresponds to the real one installed on board or to a solution that is going to be installed. It is worth noting that the multi-criteria analysis has a general approach, allowing to give preliminary information on the best energy system solution, also to comply with the application requirements (i.e. pollutant emissions in ports and restricted areas).

Renewable energy system opportunities: A sustainable solution toward cleaner production and reducing carbon footprint of large-scale dairy farms

The current study was undertaken to identify ways of reducing excessive energy consumption and the total greenhouse gas emissions in the large-scale dairy farm. Retrofitting was proposed as a potential solution for dairy farms. Principally, a thorough experimental energy audit approach was employed in a case study to assess the direct energy use share and intensity of real-time operating dairy farms. After determining the load profile and implementing energy efficiency retrofits, according to the comprehensive simulation, four different alternative energy systems were presented to yield the maximum output of renewable energy resources, including solar and bioenergy. As a cost-effective solution, using solar photovoltaic and thermal panels is the most cost-effective method of mitigating energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions challenges. The second alternative includes biogas energy, which shifts farm energy demands and yields 1223 MWh of power to the grid, however, 249 MWh of heat is required. According to the third scenario, the demand for the cooling system will also be covered; 972 MWh of electrical power is injected into the grid, and 349 MWh of heat is needed. By the combination of photovoltaic and thermal panels with the CCHP system, which is the most expensive one, the system can supply the cooling, heating, and electrical demand for the facility. It can also inject 2.9 GWh of electricity into the grid. The remaining 399 MWh of heat is required, with a 3.5-year payback. Grid failures can be compensated most effectively by using the alternatives proposed in the current study. Also, the burden of heavy loads on the grid was impressively decreased. Efforts were made to minimize the facility's carbon footprint and reduce annual GHG emissions by up to 3920 tCO2eq.

A Comprehensive Review of the Incorporation of Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Distributed Generation Regarding Smart Grids

Power grids of the future will likely incorporate more renewable energy distributed generation (REDG), also known as alternative energy systems. REDG units are increasingly being used in electrical transmission networks because of the positive effects they have on power networks. REDG systems are the backbone of smart electric networks and are essential to the operation of the smart grid. These REDG systems can additionally improve system reliability by providing some customers with a backup generator in the event of power interruptions. This review offers a thorough evaluation of the existing body of information on the topic of electric vehicles’ (EVs’) future interactions with smart grids. The combination of the potential deployment of EVs and the smart grid’s conceptual goal presents challenges for electric grid-related infra-structure, communication, and control. The proposal for connecting EVs to the grid is based on research into cutting-edge smart metering and communication systems. In the context of the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) phenomenon, the possibilities, benefits, and limitations of various EV smart-charging systems are also fully examined. A quickly growing percentage of distributed energy is derived from wind and solar (photovoltaic) energy. The variable power output of wind and solar energy introduces fresh challenges for those responsible for organizing, operating, and controlling the power grid. While fluctuations in the electric grid are problematic, they may be mitigated by the entry of EVs into the energy market. As such, we performed a comprehensive review of the literature to learn more about this exciting research gap that needs to be filled and to identify recently developed solutions to the problems related to EVs. Additionally, in this review article, we take a close look at the practicality of V2G technology. The smart grid is a developing concept that will likely have large implications for the world’s energy infrastructure, and this study thoroughly analyzes how EVs interact with it.

Using machine learning for comparative optimizing a novel integration of molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cells with CO2 recovering and gasification

The effects of global warming on the environment and society are substantial, making it a major global concern. Finding strategies to reduce CO2 output from energy systems that rely on chemical processes is one of the biggest problems in this area. In order to address this challenge, researchers are looking into creative solutions, such as carbon capture and storage and developing alternative energy systems with low carbon footprints. For this, the present work introduces a creative integration of molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cells to maximize efficiency while reducing energy costs. This system also has a recovery unit to reuse the generated CO2 as the gasification agent for reduced environmental impact. Besides, the surplus heat is exploited through the vanadium chloride cycle for clean hydrogen production. A techno-economic, sustainability, and exergo-environmental assessment is carried out to evaluate the system's feasibility from all facets. According to the parametric results, there is a conflictive trend among performance indicators by changing the fuel utilization factor and compressor pressure ratio. Therefore, a comparative analysis of various multi-objective optimization scenarios is performed to find the best condition from various perspectives. According to the findings, compared to the system without a recovery unit, the proposed model produces optimal hydrogen of 1.3 kg/s with a very low environmental effect and power costs of 5.3 kg/GWh and 19.4 $/MWh. The results further reveal that when power is considered an additional optimization goal, it increases up to 494.95 MWh, resulting in the lowest environmental effect and the cost of 4.4 kg/GWh and 16.3 $/MWh, respectively. The scatter distribution of the key variables ultimately reveals that, while the current density should be maintained at its highest level, the optimal points of utilization factor are distributed throughout the entire domain.

Recent Advances and Challenges in Thin-Film Fabrication Techniques for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are amongst the most widely used renewable alternative energy systems with near-zero carbon emission, high efficiency, and environment-friendly features. However, the high operating temperature of SOFCs is still considered a major challenge due to several issues regarding the materials’ corrosion, unwanted reactions between layers, etc. Thus, low-temperature SOFCs (LT-SOFCs) have gained significant interest during the past decades. Despite the numerous advantages of LT-SOFCs, material selection for each layer is of great importance as the common materials have not shown a desirable performance so far. In addition to the selection of the materials, fabrication techniques have a great influence on the properties of the SOFCs. As SOFCs with thinner layers showed lower polarisation resistance, especially in the electrolyte layer, different thin-film fabrication methods have been employed, and their effect on the overall performance of SOFCs has been evaluated. In this review, we aim to discuss the past and recent progress on the materials and thin-film fabrication techniques used in LT-SOFCs.

Reliability, availability, and life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis of combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) integration to data centers considering electricity and cooling supplies

The utilization of digital technology is increasing rapidly and it is causing a growth in the number of data centers around the world. Data centers provide essential services, making them known as mission-critical. Like other mission-critical facilities, data centers often use reliability and availability analysis to evaluate the level of safety of their operations. Reliable electricity and cooling supplies are vital for the data center’s operation, and almost all data centers rely on the power grid to feed their electrical and cooling systems. However, the power grid is considered an unreliable source, and power grid fragility is a raising concern among data center operators. An alternative to the power grid is a sustainable combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system, which can supply continuous electricity and cooling to a data center while providing local energy generation, energy cost saving, and emission benefits. To understand the impact of a CCHP integration on the reliability and availability of a grid-fed data center, an up-to-date electrical topology design and reliability block diagram models were created that take into account both electricity and cooling supplies. The results showed that the overall system reliability of a grid-fed data center increased from 49.23% to 74.62% with a CCHP integration. In terms of availability, a grid-fed data center with 2N redundant topology achieved the industry-accepted high availability level of 0.99999, also known as 5-nines. Moreover, the use of CCHP at the grid-fed data center increased the availability from 5-nines to 7-nines for the overall system. Thus, CCHP integration to a grid-fed data center provided higher reliability and availability for the overall system for even 2N redundant topology data centers. Moreover, based on the life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis, integrating CCHP systems into data centers has a promising outcome. However, when conducting an LCC analysis, we recommend considering the realistic cost of downtime along with the reliability-related exposure to properly assess the viability of alternative energy systems by data center investors and operators.

Melting performance enhancement in a thermal energy storage unit using active vortex generation by electric field

Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) devices aid in efficient utilization of alternate energy systems and improve their ability to handle supply–demand fluctuations. A numerical analysis of melting performance in a shell-and-tube LHTES unit in the presence of a direct current (DC) electric field has been performed. The governing equations of fluid flow, heat transfer, electric potential and charge conservation are solved using a customized finite-volume solver built in the open-source framework of OpenFOAM. Enthalpy-porosity method based fixed grid approach is used to track the melt interface. Primary objective of the study is to highlight the interface and flow morphology evolution in the presence of electric field induced flow and to evaluate the melting performance of the LHTES unit. The transient evolution of the melting process in the presence of electric field has been mapped in terms of total liquid fraction, kinetic energy density and mean Nusselt number. The charge injection from the tube surface generates multiple electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow vortices in the liquid region. Thus, the inherent uni-cellular flow structure of the natural convection driven melting is disrupted. The multi-cellular flow structure with stronger velocity distribution enhances mixing and heat transfer. Melting performance at various levels of applied voltages (0≤V≤10kV) in both vertical and horizontal orientations of the LHTES unit has been quantified in terms of charging time and total power storage. The charging time gets shorter and total power storage gets higher with increasing applied voltages. In the vertical orientation, a maximum 82.52% reduction in charging time and 80.85% increase in net power storage is achieved. In the horizontal orientation, weaker buoyancy force leads to stronger influence of the electric field. A maximum of 89.61% reduction in charging time and 88.35% increase in power storage is achieved in the horizontal orientation. The results of this study aid in understanding the mechanism of EHD flow assisted melting and provide a reference for design of a shell-and-tube LHTES unit with improved performance.

«GREEN FLOORS” – THE FUTURE OF ECOLOGICAL CITIES

In this work the project of a multi-story ecological residential building with «green floors» is developed and original ideas are proposed that will reduce the negative impact of construction on the environment and improve people’s quality of life. «Green floors» are floors, the area of ​​which is decorated with flower beds and vertical gardens, as well as recreation areas. «Green floors» play the role of an oxygen station (having a positive effect on the environment), inter-floor sound insulation, reduce wind load and increase fire safety, allow developers to build more densely by reducing the area of ​​adjacent park areas. The increase in environmental trends in construction is due to several factors. One of the most important factors is the growing awareness of people about the impact of construction on the environment and human health. The threat of climate change and environmental crises has caused increased interest in ecological construction. In the proposed project, the roof of the house can be profitably used, receiving electricity not only with the help of solar panels, but also wind generators and hydro generators. By combining these three alternative energy systems, maximum energy accumulation can be achieved. «Green floors» are the future of high-tech ecological cities, which will not only add aesthetic charm to the urban landscape, but also bring tangible benefits. The construction of ecological residential buildings will solve environmental problems, improve the psycho-emotional state of people, and also save on electronic media. Today’s «green houses» are built quickly with relatively low cost, combining cost-effective solutions for energy carriers, and therefore have great potential for developers. The results obtained in the work can be used by specialists in the field of construction.

Standards Are Important for Emerging Technology and Alternative Energy Systems [Standards News

Standards Are Important for Emerging Technology and Alternative Energy Systems [Standards News

Shaping the energy transition in the residential sector: Regulatory incentives for aligning household and system perspectives

The regulatory framework influences households’ decisions in the context of the energy transition, affecting the potential for CO2 emissions savings and the operation of the electrical network infrastructure. In this paper, the profitability and optimal operation of alternative home energy systems (HESs) consisting of photovoltaics (PV), battery energy storage (BES), and either a gas condensing boiler (GB) or an electrical air-to-water heat pump (HP) is investigated for the case of a German single-family house and across alternative regulatory scenarios. Two policy reforms are considered: (i) an alternative design of network tariffs, the objectives of which are the financial sustainability and the efficient operation of the power grid, as well as the cost reflectivity of such charges; and (ii) a CO2-oriented reform of energy taxes and surcharges on retail energy prices. For the latter, the real-time carbon intensity of grid electricity is estimated and priced in dynamic retail electricity rates. After the optimization of the operation of each alternative HES under such alternative sets of price signals, a simulation over a 20-year planning horizon is carried out in order to evaluate each option in terms of profitability, impact on CO2 emissions and grid integration. The findings show how a change of regulatory framework can foster a low-carbon-oriented and grid-friendly adoption and operation of energy technologies. In the case under analysis, a regulatory shift: (i) results in a decrease of up to 17% in the discounted lifetime costs of the HP heating, thereby steering the household’s adoption decision towards a reduction of up to 63% in CO2 emissions; (ii) induces a grid-oriented operation of the HP and the BES, reducing coincident peak demand by up to 62%. The implications of such a regulatory shift are discussed in relation to the effectiveness, cost efficiency and distributional fairness of the energy transition in the residential sector.

Potential and economic feasibility of a wind power plant in Ciudad Juárez, México

This study investigated the wind energy potential of Ciudad Juárez (Chihuahua, México) for a whole year. The viability of employing three small-scale wind turbine models, including the S-343, Bergey BWC Excel, and AOC 15/50, in Ciudad Juarez, located in the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua in Mexico, is studied in the first stage using RETScreen software. The performance of these three turbine models was subjected to sensitivity analysis in the following study stage using the three defined economic scenarios, assuming a 7% inflation rate, a 9% discount rate, a 7% fuel cost escalation rate, and a 20-year project duration. Finally, the circumstances under which these turbines operate in Ciudad Juarez are discussed economically. Findings indicate that the study site is not economically appropriate, not even for the installation of specific small wind turbines. Finally, it was suggested that the viability of adopting alternative renewable energy systems, such as solar and hybrid systems (photovoltaic wind), be examined in the upcoming study in Ciudad Juárez.

USE OF ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The article examines the requirements for the creation of an autonomous university, considers alternative measures to solve energy saving problems, shows the effectiveness and necessity of conducting an energy audit of the institution, indicates the actions performed by Khmelnytskyi National University in the framework of energy saving. The methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of measures is similar to the calculation of current energy consumption and energy consumption for the previous representative period. The difference is that when evaluating energy-saving measures, it is necessary to predict how the situation will change after their implementation. This entails a change in many coefficients, such as the rate of energy consumption, the power utilization coefficient, the duration of equipment operation during the year. To save energy, Khmelnytskyi National University built its own boiler house with a capacity of 3,900 kW, which made it possible to disconnect several buildings from the city-wide heat supply network. Solar power plants were put into operation, solar panels were placed on the roofs of the buildings of the educational institution, educational and production bases, sports complex The implementation of the latest technologies for the production and consumption of energy resources, as well as technologies involving the use of alternative energy sources, is possible on the basis of a previously conducted comprehensive energy audit. The feasibility of building an autonomous heating system, which made it possible to disconnect the main buildings from the city-wide heat supply network, has been proven. Taking measures to insulate walls, replace the water supply system, and use heating points increases the energy efficiency of resource use. In addition, the introduction of alternative energy systems, the creation of own solar power plants and modern control systems for them allows you to optimize lighting costs per hectare, reduce costs for electricity needs, and even make money from sales using the “green tariff”. In this way, any higher educational institution can organize and conduct its own measures to increase the energy-efficient consumption of energy resources, conduct information campaigns, involving students and teachers. This will not only improve the energy situation at the university, but will also help save energy at home.

Risk-embedded scheduling of a CCHP integrated with electric vehicle parking lot in a residential energy hub considering flexible thermal and electrical loads

Climate change has detrimental impacts on the environment and sustainability, leading to employing alternative energy systems such as combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP). The concept of integrated energy systems (IES) allows the coordination of several components, such as electric vehicles (EV), to serve various demands simultaneously. This paper focuses on coordinating the CCHP and electric vehicle parking lot (EVPL) integrated with photovoltaic (PV) technology as renewable energy (RE). The residential energy hub (REH) is modeled to integrate these components to meet the demands and minimize REH’s operating costs and carbon emissions. EVPL functions as dynamic electrical storage besides serving EVs. Stochastic programming is used to model RE, EV, loads, and electricity price uncertainties. Demand response (DR) is applied for shiftable electrical loads. The thermodynamic model of heating and cooling loads is developed with flexibility as integrated demand response (IDR) based on the building’s desired temperature. The emission cost model with penalty factors enforces REH to use less-pollutant energy sources. Subsequently, a risk-aversion strategy, namely downside risk constraint (DRC), is implemented to diminish the associated risk as the consequence of uncertainties for the decision-maker. Different constraint level is applied to provide various conservative decision-making strategies for the operator. Summer and winter scenarios with and without DR and flexible thermal loads were used to evaluate the model’s accuracy. The scheduling problem is solved in IEEE 33-bus test system. The results reveal that the DR could reduce the operation cost by 5% in summer and 8% in winter. Moreover, zero risk for summer and winter is gained at the cost of 10.4% and 3.1% increment in operating costs.