Alternative Point Research Articles

Power dynamics in organisations and the role of information systems

Power dynamics in organisations and the role of information systems

Readiness of Healthcare Systems to Generate Real-World Evidence: Reliability of CT Radiographic End Points for Evaluation of First-Line Systemic Treatment.

Regulatory agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration and health technology assessment bodies are increasingly using real-world evidence (RWE). The ability of healthcare systems to reliably generate response rate and progression-free survival from real-world data is unknown. We examined the capacity of a single-payer system to provide RWE by evaluating the frequency of computed tomography (CT) imaging during standard first-line metastatic systemic treatment of breast, colorectal, and lung cancer. A 1-year cohort of patients with metastatic-at-diagnosis breast, colorectal, and lung cancer treated with first-line systemic therapy (excluding hormone therapy) referred to BC Cancer in 2016 was retrospectively reviewed for first-line treatment and CT imaging. Duration of first-line treatment was calculated from the first to the last dose of therapy. CT imaging was counted from the start of therapy to 8 weeks after the last therapy dose. A cohort of 664 patients was identified from the BC Cancer Registry. Distribution of metastatic disease at diagnosis was breast (n = 82), colorectal (n = 214), and lung (n = 368) cancer. For breast, colorectal, and lung cancer, there was a baseline CT within 4 weeks of treatment initiation in 59%, 51%, and 48% of patients, with median duration of first-line treatment of 14.6, 25.3, and 11.9 weeks and median CT imaging interval of 9.1, 9.0, and 6.1 weeks. In our publicly funded healthcare system, availability of baseline CT imaging was 48% to 59% and the frequency of assessment ranged from 6.1 to 9.1 weeks, subject to patterns of practice and resource availability. Our system was not capable of providing RWE for image-based end points. Alternative end points should be considered to capitalize on the wealth of real-world data.

On the Use of Ensemble Predictions for Parametric Typhoon Insurance

Parametric typhoon insurances are an increasingly used financial tool to mitigate the enormous impact of tropical cyclones, as they can quickly distribute much-needed resources, e.g., for post-disaster recovery. In order to optimise the reliability and efficiency of parametric insurance, it is essential to have well-defined trigger points for any post-disaster payout. This requires a robust localised hazard assessment for a given region. However, due to the rarity of severe, landfalling tropical cyclones, it is difficult to obtain a robust hazard assessment based on historical observations. A recent approach makes use of unrealised, high impact tropical cyclones from state-of-the-art ensemble prediction systems to build a physically consistent event set, which would be equivalent to about 10,000 years of observations. In this study, we demonstrate that (1) alternative trigger points of parametric typhoon insurance can be constructed from a local perspective and the added value of such trigger points can be analysed by comparing with an experimental set-up informed by current practice; (2) the estimation of the occurrence of tropical cyclone-related losses on the provincial level can be improved. We further discuss the potential future development of a general tropical cyclone compound parametric insurance.

Data Stream Mining Between Classical and Modern Applications: A Review

Data mining (DM) is an amazing innovation with incredible potential to help organizations centre on the main data in the information they have gathered about the conduct of their clients and expected clients. It finds data inside the information that questions and reports can't viably uncover. For the most part, DM is the way toward examining information from alternate points of view and summing up it into helpful data - data that can be utilized to expand income, reduces expenses, or both. There are four types of DM: 1) Classification and regression, 2) Clustering, 3) Association Rule Mining, and 4) Outlier/Anomaly Detection. Tending to the velocity part of Big Data (BD) has as of late pulled in a lot of revenue in the investigation local area because of its critical effect on information from pretty much every area of life like medical services, financial exchange, and interpersonal organizations, and so on. Many research works have investigated this velocity issue through mining data streams. Most existing data stream mining research centres on adjusting the primary classifications of approaches, methods and methods for static information to the dynamic information circumstance. This research explores widely the current writing in the field of data stream mining and recognizes the fundamental preparing units supporting different existing methods. This study not simply benefits examiner to make strong assessment subjects and separate gaps in the field yet moreover helps specialists for DM and BD application structure headway.

I Will Tell You My History: Rewriting to Revolt in the Process of al-Tārīkh al-badīl (Allohistory)

Abstract In an epoch of revival of the historical novel, Arabic literature tries to provide its own response to the construction of al-tārīkh al-badīl, namely “alternative history” or, also, allohistory which, as a literary genre, was originally a branch of science fiction. By proposing the idea of a counter-narration, the search for historical alternatives becomes a matter of great importance and responsibility. What happens if the writer tries to construct an alternative point of view, a counter-narration in which “History” is transformed into an almost fictional story? Far from an act of betrayal, this can be interpreted as a restoration of iltizām whenever the narrative potential, or the “if” contained within the narrative, comes true. This article aims to present works where the authors wonder: “What would have happened if…?” This question opens space for literary alternatives to mainstream or official historical narratives.

CdS-Cu1.81S heteronanorods with continuous sublattice for photocatalytic hydrogen production

Photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production is a cascade reaction that involves multiple limiting steps, such as light-harvesting, charge separation and transfer, redox reaction rate, and so on. Thus, there is a need to optimize each reaction node to promote the photocatalytic H2 production efficiency for the commercial application of sustainable energy. Herein, we report integrally designed CdS-Cu1.81S heteronanorods (HNRs) for photocatalytic H2 production driven by near-infrared to ultraviolet irradiation. The intraparticle p-n junction and the well-constructed heterointerface result in highly efficient charge separation and transfer between the heterogeneous domains. Further adjusting the redox reaction sites on the surface of CdS-Cu1.81S HNRs leads to a high photocatalytic H2 production rate of 2.714 mmol·h−1·g−1, representing 150-fold and 108-fold improvements compared with pristine Cu1.81S and CdS nanorods (NRs), respectively. Our work provides an alternative entry point for boosting the performance of noble-metal-free photocatalyst and highlights the importance of synergetic design.

Occipital condyle screw fixation after posterior decompression for Chiari malformation: Technical report and application.

Background: Surgical techniques for stabilization of the occipital cervical junction have traditionally consisted of screw-based techniques applied in conjunction with occipital plating and rods connected to subaxial instrumentation in the form of pars, pedicle, or lateral mass screws. In patients with type 1 Chiari malformation (CM-1) and evidence of occipital cervical junction instability who have undergone posterior decompression, the occipital condyle (OC) represents a potential alternative cranial fixation point. To date, this technique has only been described in pediatric case reports and morphometric cadaver studies.Methods: Patients underwent posterior fossa decompression for treatment of CM. Subsequently, patients received occipital cervical stabilization using OC screws.Results: Patients were successfully treated with no post-operative morbidity. Patient 2 was found to have pseudoarthrosis and underwent revision. Both patients continue to do well at 1-year follow-up.Conclusion: Placement of the OC screw offers advantages over traditional plate-based occipital fixation in that bone removal for suboccipital decompression is not compromised by the need for hardware placement, screws are hidden underneath ample soft tissue in patients with thin skin which prevents erosion, and the OC consists of primarily cortical bone which provides for robust tricortical fixation. These cases demonstrate the novel application of the OC screw fixation technique to the treatment of occipital cervical junction instability in adult patients undergoing simultaneous posterior fossa decompression.

Dissonance and commute satisfaction: Which reference point to use?

• Analyse to what extent changes in commute dissonance affects commute satisfaction. • Asymmetric perception of commute time dissonance to a reference point. • Ordered logit models with reference-dependent utility for commute satisfaction. One of the determinants of travel satisfaction is ‘dissonance’, or the difference between someone’s actual travel and their preferred or ideal travel. Previous studies never questioned the use of ideal travel as a reference point to assess travel satisfaction. We assess how and to what extent changes in commute dissonance, among other determinants, affect commute satisfaction by applying the prospect theory with alternative reference points. Results indicate that negative dissonant commuters (i.e., actual commute time > ideal) are significantly less satisfied with their commute, but the opposite does not hold. By using data from a retrospective survey among staff of the relocated McGill University Health Centre in Montreal, Canada, we found how the reference point of the previous commute time is more salient and impactful. This study provides evidence for policy makers about the positive effects of transit oriented developments in terms of increased levels of commute satisfaction.

Кто главный виновник Великой Отечественной войны?

The article puts forward an alternative point of view on the chief perpetrator of the Great Patriotic War, which, according to the author's arguments, is the liberal camp, which has appreciated the left-extremist ideology of radicalism, aimed at suppressing the cultural and historical traditions of the great nations of Europe. This caused a toxic response in western patriotic circles, supported by the Stalinist government of the USSR. Fearing a further rapprochement of these forces, being threatened, liberalism and the liberal camp gave Europe to the national-fascists and pushed them to strike the USSR, temporarily leaving the political arena, and at the background of the political struggle, calculating the complete weakening of liberal forces opponents and the subsequent imposition of their will on both sides.

Practical analysis of remote sensing estimations of water use for major crops throughout the Urmia Lake basin

Remote sensing techniques are used to estimate the high spatial and temporal hydrological variable of evapotranspiration. This is certainly considered a step forward, compared to alternate point measurements. It is important, however, to properly interpret these estimations to practical information for water managers. In this study, results of two separate remote sensing studies (FAO-IHE and RSRC) on estimation of actual evapotranspiration for major crops in the Urmia Lake basin were compared with widely accepted theoretical estimations of corresponding Irrigation Requirements (IR) using CROPWAT. CROPWAT estimations represent the irrigation requirements of crops under no stress, whereas RS techniques are used to estimate actual crop water use which may be under nonideal growing situations. Comparison of irrigation requirements and actual water use for different crops at various locations within the Urmia Lake basin can provide practical information on the status of field water managements, i.e., sufficiency of applied irrigation. Such analysis provides grounds for possible improvement on water management in a highly competitive water used region. The RS crop water estimations results were crosschecked with CROPWAT estimations of irrigation requirements, as the reference range, using ground data adopted from 21 scattered synoptic weather stations across the basin, representing the widely variable crop-water demand in the region and corresponding effective precipitations. FAO-IHE used the SEBAL and RSRC used the METRIC algorithm to produce ETa maps. The available land-use maps with 30-m by 30-m pixels were used for designation of the type of field crops. RSRC maps were produced using 1-km by 1-km daily satellite images. At this scale, a mixed combination of crops occurs in one pixel. To provide a more realistic comparison, the relative area of each crop cited from the land use maps was used to compare the ETa estimates by RSRC with the weighted average of irrigation requirements. The results showed the actual water use estimated from remote sensing images were generally higher than Irrigation Requirements. The difference can be attributed to overirrigation which is a common practice in the region. RS estimated actual crop-water use in rainfed lands was also compared with temporal local precipitations. In some areas, actual crop-water use in rainfed lands was more than the corresponding effective precipitation estimates. This observation cannot practically be justified and can be drawback in the preparation of land-use maps. Practical conclusions were drawn from comparison of actual crop-water use and theoretical estimates. Locations of possible over-/under-irrigation were identified, for which improved water management can provide means for saving water for the restoration of the desiccating Urmia Lake. The feasibility and versatility of RS techniques have motivated researchers to increase adoption of this method, provided that the uncertainties can be resolved.

Implications of Price Matching in Supply Chain Negotiation

Problem definition: Few papers have explored the impact of price matching negotiation (PM), in which a channel matches its price with the resulting wholesale price bargained by another channel, on firms’ performances, consumer welfare, and social welfare, with and without supply chain coordination. Academic/practical relevance: Negotiation has been widely seen in determining both uniform and discriminatory wholesale prices, which affect outcomes of competitive supply chain practices. Methodology: To characterize the PM mechanism, we use game theory and Nash bargaining theory to compare PM with simultaneous negotiation (SN) through a common-seller two-buyer differentiated Bertrand competition model. Results: Our analysis reveals that PM can benefit the seller but hurt all buyers, which is at odds with some fair wholesale pricing clauses intending to protect buyers. Under coordination with side payments, however, all firms can conditionally benefit more from PM than from SN. Despite firms’ gains, PM leads to less consumer utility and social welfare compared with SN, unless the second buyer in PM is considerably less powerful than the first buyer. Coordination further worsens PM’s negative impact on consumer utility and social welfare. Moreover, the existence of a spot market can increase the wholesale price in PM, hurting buyers, consumers, and society. Furthermore, the qualitative results about PM remain robust under an alternative disagreement point for PM, multiple buyers, and other extensions. Managerial implications: This paper delivers insights on when price matching in supply chain wholesale price negotiation can benefit a seller, buyers, consumers, and society in a variety of scenarios. It advocates how managers can use PM to their own advantages and provides rationale to decision makers for policy regulations regarding wholesale pricing.

How Did School Meal Access Change during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Analysis of a Large Metropolitan Area.

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) resulted in school closures and contingencies across the U.S. that limited access to school meals for students. While some schools attempted to provide alternative meal access points where students or parents could pick up meals, many students—especially those in low-income households—lacked adequate transportation to these access points. Thus, physical proximity to meal access points was particularly important during the pandemic. In this study, we explore how school meal access changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially as it relates to race/ethnicity and socio-economic status. Taking into account both the “supply” (meal access points) and the “demand” (low-income students) for free meals, we employed a two-step floating catchment area analysis to compare meal accessibility in St. Louis, Missouri before and during the pandemic in the spring and summer of 2019 and 2020. Overall, while school meal access decreased during the spring of 2020 during the early months of the pandemic, it increased during the summer of 2020. Moreover, increased access was greatest in low-income areas and areas with a higher proportion of Black residents. Thus, continuing new policies that expanded access to school meals—especially for summer meal programs—could lead to positive long-term impacts on children’s health and well-being.

DEVELOPING AN INTEGRATED MODEL BASED ON NAÏVEBAYES AND DECISION TREE ALGORITHMS IN THE EARLY DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIAC DISEASES

The extraction of concealed information from the enormous data sets is information mining, and it is otherwise called Knowledge Discovery Mining. It has many assignments. One of them utilized here is prescient errands that use a few factors to foresee obscure or future upsides of another dataset. The significant medical issue that influences countless individuals is a coronary illness. Except if it is treated at a beginning phase, it causes demise. Today, the Healthcare business creates an enormous measure of perplexing information about the patients and assets of the emergency clinics, from a period where there has been no good spotlight on compelling examination instruments to find connections in communication, particularly in the clinical area. The methods of mining information are utilized to examine rich assortments of details according to alternate points of view and infer useful data to foster analysis and anticipating frameworks for coronary illness dependent on prescient mining. Various preliminaries are taken up to look at the exhibitions of different information mining procedures, including Decision trees and Naïve Bayes calculations. As proposed, the peril factors are pondered, Decision trees and Naïve Bayes are applied, and the show of their finding have been investigated by the UCI Machine Learning Repository I,e WEKA instrument. Thusly, the Naïve Bayes beats the Decision tree.

The incidence of depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia

Summary. Introduction. Historically, depressive disorders have been described in various forms of schizophrenia by Kraepelin (1923) or as a reaction to illness by Bleuler (1922). One of the alternative points of view that has been considered in recent years is that depressive disorders are a comorbid condition of schizophrenia or one of the manifestations of schizophrenia. However, to date, depression, as a symptom, is not included in the diagnostic criteria of the ICD-10. Methodological approaches to diagnosing depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia differ in different countries and research groups. This influences the prevalence rates of depressive disorders in schizophrenic patients. Purpose. The study and systematization of studies of the incidence of depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia.Methods. Russian-language and foreign literature was analyzed with a search depth of 10 years (2010–2020) in the following databases: PubMed, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis Online, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, Science Direct and eLIBRARY .RU.Results. A total of 51 studies of depressive disorders in children and adults with schizophrenia were found.Conclusion. The frequency of occurrence of depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia varies from 9.1 and to 100%, the average frequency is 41.6%. Their frequency is variable and depends on the region of residence and ethnicity. It is noted that depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia are more often recorded among residents of the Middle East (72.7%), Russia (61.8%) and Europe (39.6%), less often among residents of Southeast Asia (32%) and the Pacific region ( 37.3%). The countries with the highest incidence of depressive disorders in schizophrenia include: USA, Germany, China; and to the countries with the lowest frequency — Denmark, Israel, South Africa. Also, I would like to note that the largest number of studies conducted was in Europe (16 studies with 36 928 patients with schizophrenia), the USA (6 studies with 2314 patients) and the Russian Federation (6 studies with 582 patients). In general, in the world, according to 51 studies analyzed, the incidence of depressive disorders in schizophrenia in men is higher than in women, although gender differences did not reach statistical significance in all regions of the world.

Molecular docking and simulation studies of phytocompounds derived from Centella asiatica and Andrographis paniculata against hexokinase II as mitocan agents

Hexokinase II (HK2), a glycolytic enzyme is commonly overexpressed in most cancer types. The overexpression of HK2 is reported to promote the survival of cancer cells by facilitating the constant ATP generation and protecting the cancer cell against apoptotic cell death. Hence, HK2 is considered as potential target of many mitochondria targeting anticancerous agents (referred to as mitocans). Most of the existing mitocans are synthetic and hence such compounds are observed to exhibit adverse effects, witnessed through many experimental outcomes. These limitations necessitates hunting for an alternative source of mitocans with minimum/no side effects. The need for an alternative therapy points towards the ethnomedicinal herbs, known for their minimal side effects and effectiveness. Henceforth recent studies have put forth the effort to utilize anticancer herbs in formulating naturally derived mitocans as an add-on to improve cancer therapeutics. So, our study aims to explore the HK2 targeting potential of phytocompounds from the selected anticancerous herbs Andrographis paniculata (AP) and Centella asiatica (CA). 60 phytocompounds collectively from CA and AP were docked against HK2 and drug-likeness prediction of the selected phytocompounds was performed to screen the best possible ligand for HK2. Furthermore, the docked complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) to analyse the molecular mechanism of protein-ligand interactions. The results of the study suggest that the natural compounds asiatic acid and bayogenin (from CA) and andrographolide (from AP) can bepotential natural mitocans by targeting HK2. Further experimental studies (in-vitro and in-vivo) are required to validate the results.

СТИЛЬ МИСЛЕННЄВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СУЧАСНОЇ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ ЯК НАУКОВО-ПРАКТИЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА

The statistic is based on the state of the art of scientific advancement in the style of misinformation of the modern student youth. The style of the target is to be seen as a system of intellectual strategies, priyom, a quick reference to the operation of a specialty, how to be victorious with it in a target performance. To respect the links to the style of the targeting from the cognitive style as the way of receiving and processing information. It is to be determined that the effectiveness of the educational performance of students is significant because of the fact that the methodology of victoriousness will be the same because of the dominant style characteristics of their thinking acyivity. Respect for class is characteristic of the specialty of the style of thinking of the current student youth. It is emphasized that the tendency to reproduce heterogeneous objects, without coherent elements between them, which are characterized by illogicality, heterogeneity and high speed of switching between pieces of information, leads to difficulties in forming the desired quality of students' thinking – criticality as the ability to assess reliability, accuracy or values of something, the ability to search for and find causes and alternative points of view, to perceive the situation as a whole or to change one's position on the basis of facts and arguments. It is noted that in order to optimize the educational process in university it is necessary to select such teaching methods that would ensure the effectiveness of the thinking process of students.

Evaluation of repeat distal transradial access in the anatomic snuffbox.

There is increasing interest in the distal radial artery in the anatomic snuffbox as an alternative arterial access point, but the durability of the distal radial artery to support repetitive accesses over multiple procedures is not well established. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate success rates for repeated left-sided distal transradial access (ldTRA) in the anatomic snuffbox. In this single institution retrospective study, all patients undergoing radioembolization treatments from January 1st, 2019 to May 1st, 2020 were prospectively evaluated for ldTRA. ldTRA was performed by 15 different operators. Exclusion criteria were a left radiocephalic hemodialysis fistula, inability to properly position the arm, Barbeau D waveform, or failed prior ldTRA due to tortuosity. Barbeau patterns, arterial sizes, and success rates at the first, second, and third ldTRA were compared. Fifty patients were evaluated for ldTRA and 44, 39, and 10 underwent one, two, and three ldTRA attempts for a total of 93 procedures. There was no significant change in Barbeau patterns between the first and second (p = 0.13) or first and third (p = 1.0) ldTRA. There was no significant change in artery size between the first (mean, 2.3 mm; range, 1.5-3.4 mm) and second (mean, 2.3 mm; range, 1.6-3.3 mm) (p = 0.59) and first and third (mean, 2.4 mm; range, 1.9-3.3) (p = 0.45) ldTRA. The success rate was not significantly different between the first (93%, 41/44, 95% CI 81%-99%), second (95%, 37/39, 95% CI 83%-99%), and third (100%, 10/10, 95% CI 69%-100%) procedure (p = 1.0). The asymptomatic occlusion rate was 4.1% (2/49, 95% CI 0%-14%), and subsequent ldTRA was successfully completed in both patients with occlusions. There were no hemorrhagic or ischemic complications. Success rates are indistinguishable among first, second, and third time ldTRA suggesting that this is a durable access point.

Lutetium-177–PSMA-617 for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

BackgroundMetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains fatal despite recent advances. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly expressed in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Lutetium-177 (177Lu)–PSMA-617 is a radioligand therapy that delivers beta-particle radiation to PSMA-expressing cells and the surrounding microenvironment.MethodsWe conducted an international, open-label, phase 3 trial evaluating 177Lu-PSMA-617 in patients who had metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with at least one androgen-receptor–pathway inhibitor and one or two taxane regimens and who had PSMA-positive gallium-68 (68Ga)–labeled PSMA-11 positron-emission tomographic–computed tomographic scans. Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either 177Lu-PSMA-617 (7.4 GBq every 6 weeks for four to six cycles) plus protocol-permitted standard care or standard care alone. Protocol-permitted standard care excluded chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radium-223 (223Ra), and investigational drugs. The alternate primary end points were imaging-based progression-free survival and overall survival, which were powered for hazard ratios of 0.67 and 0.73, respectively. Key secondary end points were objective response, disease control, and time to symptomatic skeletal events. Adverse events during treatment were those occurring no more than 30 days after the last dose and before subsequent anticancer treatment.ResultsFrom June 2018 to mid-October 2019, a total of 831 of 1179 screened patients underwent randomization. The baseline characteristics of the patients were balanced between the groups. The median follow-up was 20.9 months. 177Lu-PSMA-617 plus standard care significantly prolonged, as compared with standard care, both imaging-based progression-free survival (median, 8.7 vs. 3.4 months; hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.40; 99.2% confidence interval [CI], 0.29 to 0.57; P<0.001) and overall survival (median, 15.3 vs. 11.3 months; hazard ratio for death, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.74; P<0.001). All the key secondary end points significantly favored 177Lu-PSMA-617. The incidence of adverse events of grade 3 or above was higher with 177Lu-PSMA-617 than without (52.7% vs. 38.0%), but quality of life was not adversely affected.ConclusionsRadioligand therapy with 177Lu-PSMA-617 prolonged imaging-based progression-free survival and overall survival when added to standard care in patients with advanced PSMA-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. (Funded by Endocyte, a Novartis company; VISION ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03511664.)

Rhetorical portfolio for the Bachelor of Law Education in Dagestan

The subject of this research is the currently relevant question of the formation of rhetorical portfolio for the Bachelor of Law Education in the Dagestan State University (discipline 44.03.01). This portfolio is highly demanded due to the need for improving the quality of professional competencies of students during the spread of COVID-19 pandemic, which allows the student to share educational information with the group remotely. The term &amp;ldquo;Rhetorical Portfolio&amp;rdquo; suggests which course it should applied in. It may perform the function of a legal document. The scientific novelty of this research lies in detailed description of the topic; offer of a possible structure and approximate thematic content of the rhetorical portfolio; advise to include in the rhetorical portfolio student's achievements, various tasks and reference materials, legal documentation, flaws in the educational process, and recommendations that would allow the future pedagogue of law to succeed in their activity. Rhetorical portfolio is a new technology developed on the basis of extensive experience in teaching eloquence to the humanities students; what needs to be implemented in the educational process and effectively used in modern educational system. Therefore, the material is prepared using the method of observation over educational process, various surveys, and analysis of rhetorical classes. The author underlines the importance of considering local peculiarities in communication to ensure the success of any constructive rhetorical speech in multinational Dagestan. This would also contribute to the development of skills of peer review, critical re-evaluation of the content of the material, and reflection. This document, which consists of three parts, is one-off nature and has variations, should turn into a collective rhetorical portfolio in order to activate the educational process. This is the reflection of an alternative point of view to demonstrate a true picture of personal and collective academic performance.

A protein-centric view of in vitro biological model systems for schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe brain disorder, characterized by psychotic, negative, and cognitive symptoms, affecting 1% of the population worldwide. The precise etiology of SCZ is still unknown; however, SCZ has a high heritability and is associated with genetic, environmental, and social risk factors. Even though the genetic contribution is indisputable, the discrepancies between transcriptomics and proteomics in brain tissues are consistently challenging the field to decipher the disease pathology. Here we provide an overview of the state of the art of neuronal two-dimensional and three-dimensional model systems that can be combined with proteomics analyses to decipher specific brain pathology and detection of alternative entry points for drug development.