Alterations In Serum Creatinine Research Articles

Outcomes of Bolus Dose Furosemide Versus Continuous Infusion in Patients With Acute Decompensated Left Ventricular Failure and Atrial Fibrillation.

This prospective, randomized trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of different intravenous diuretic regimens in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients. ADHF patients were enrolled and randomized into three groups: continuous intravenous furosemide infusion (cIV), bolus furosemide injection (bI), and furosemide plus hypertonic saline solution (HSS). Clinical outcomes were assessed over 48 h. In a study involving 1276 patients admitted for ADHF, three therapeutic regimens (T × 1, T × 2, and T × 3) were compared. T × 1 administered an 80 mg furosemide intravenous bolus infusion twice daily to 479 patients, while T × 2 involved a continuous 16-h infusion of 160 mg furosemide daily to 420 patients. T × 3 treated 377 patients with 160 mg furosemide combined with 150 mL of HSS containing 1.95% NaCl over 30 min. Yet, overall changes in renal markers such as BUN, Na, K, and serum creatinine did not differ significantly. Analysis of prespecified study endpoints revealed notable variations in hospitalization length among the treatment arms. T × 1 demonstrated a significantly shorter hospital stay (3.7 days) compared to T × 2 (6.6 days) and T × 3 (7.9 days). Conversely, alterations in serum creatinine at 48 h, overall changes in serum creatinine, body weight loss, and serum potassium levels did not significantly differ among the treatment groups. While intravenous bolus of furosemide showed potential benefits in reducing hospitalization duration, limitations such as a small sample size and short-term observation emphasize the need for larger studies to validate these outcomes further.

Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography Examinations: Discussion of Hydration Protocols for Patients with Altered Creatinine Levels

Computed Tomography (CT) is an imaging diagnostic method that enables the visualization of internal structures in the human body, allowing for the detection of various pathologies that may affect individuals. This examination can be performed with or without contrast, which can be administered orally or intravenously. Patients with altered creatinine due to renal dysfunction may encounter difficulties in eliminating this intravenous contrast through the renal route, requiring a hydration protocol to facilitate the safe and effective completion of the examination. Considering the significance of CT in disease diagnosis, this study aims to analyze hydration protocols used in patients with altered creatinine during the performance of intravenous contrast-enhanced computed tomography. This study is an integrative literature review, where searches were conducted in databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, BVS (Virtual Health Library), and ScienceDirect, in order to identify and list articles and research studies discussing the aforementioned subject, published between the years 2013 and 2017. The study revealed that both oral and intravenous hydration demonstrate similar efficacy in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with renal dysfunction, as detected through alterations in serum creatinine. Based on the findings, it is concluded that there is a need to continually advance research efforts to enable a growing number of patients with renal dysfunction to undergo intravenous contrast-enhanced computed tomography safely and effectively, thus enabling early diagnosis of diseases, as well as monitoring pre-existing conditions.

A Holistic Framework for the Evaluation of Kidney Function in a Gender-Diverse Landscape

The most commonly used equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate incorporate a binary male-female sex coefficient, which has important implications for the care of transgender, gender-diverse, and nonbinary (TGD) people. Whether "sex assigned at birth" or a binary "gender identity" is most appropriate for the computation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is unknown. Furthermore, the use of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) for the development of physical changes to align TGD people with their affirmed gender is increasingly common, and may result in changes in serum creatinine and cystatin C, the biomarkers commonly used to estimate glomerular filtration rate. The paucity of current literature evaluating chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence and outcomes in TGD individuals on GAHT makes it difficult to assess any effects of GAHT on kidney function. Whether alterations in serum creatinine reflect changes in glomerular filtration rate or simply changes in muscle mass is unknown. Therefore, we propose a holistic framework to evaluate kidney function in TGD people. The framework focuses on kidney disease prevalence, risk factors, sex hormones, eGFR, other kidney function assessment tools, and the mitigation of health inequities in TGD people.

Nephroprotective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Loranthus micranthus Linn Leaf Against Cadmium-Induced Kidney Toxicity in Male Rats

Cadmium is a heavy metal widely distributed in the environment due to anthropogenic activities, such as industrial processes, mining, and agricultural practices. Exposure to cadmium has been associated with various adverse health effects, particularly on the kidneys. The kidneys are major target organs for cadmium toxicity, as the metal tends to accumulate in renal tissues, leading to nephrotoxicity and impaired renal function.This study aims to evaluate the potential nephroprotective effects of the aqueous extract of Loranthus micranthus Linn leaf against cadmium-induced kidney toxicity in a rat model. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 served as the normal control and received no treatment. Group 2 was exposed to cadmium toxicity, receiving 2 mg/kg body weight of cadmium intraperitoneally daily. Group 3 received 150 mg/kg body weight of the extract daily. Group 4 received 2 mg/kg body weight of cadmium intraperitoneally, followed by a daily administration of 150mg/kg body weight of the extract. This experiment was carried out for a period of 28 days. Biochemical alterations in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed as markers of kidney function and oxidative stress. Additionally, ultrastructural changes in the kidneys of the experimental animals were evaluated using electron microscopy. The study revealed significant biochemical alterations in markers of kidney function and oxidative stress in rats exposed to cadmium-induced kidney toxicity. Treatment with the extract attenuated these biochemical changes, indicating potential nephroprotective effects. Furthermore, ultrastructural changes observed in the kidneys of cadmium-exposed rats were ameliorated by treatment with the extract. The findings of this study suggest that the extract possesses potential nephroprotective effects against cadmium-induced kidney toxicity. Further research is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of action and explore the therapeutic potential of these natural compounds in managing kidney-related disorders.

Assessment of renal function and prevalence of acute kidney injury following coronary artery bypass graft surgery and associated risk factors: A retrospective cohort study at a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden decline in renal function after cardiac surgery. It is characterized by a significant reduction in glomerular filtration rate, alterations in serum creatinine (S.Cr) levels, and urine output. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze a cohort of 704 patients selected using stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. AKI was defined by an increase of 0.3 mg/dL in S.Cr levels compared to baseline. Data were collected from the hospital and analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Data analysis revealed that 22% (n = 155) of the patients developed AKI on the second post-operative day, accompanied by a substantial increase in S.Cr levels (from 1.064 ± 0.2504 to 1.255 ± 0.2673, P < .000). Age and cardiopulmonary bypass duration were identified as risk factors along with ejection fraction and days of hospital stay, contributing to the development of AKI. Early renal replacement therapy can be planned when the diagnosis of AKI is established early after surgery.

Oxidative stress-induced by different stressors alters kidney tissue antioxidant markers and levels of creatinine and urea: the fate of renal membrane integrity

The cellular integrity of the kidney in homeostatic regulation has constantly been compromised by oxidative stress following exposure to varying nature of stressor present within the environment. The objective of the work was to evaluate the renal effect of the different stressor stimuli applied. Twenty-four adult female rats weighing averagely 160–200 g and within the ages of 12–14 weeks were used for experiment-1, while 12 offspring were utilized for experiment-2. Three stress models namely; restraint, mirror chamber and cat intruder stressors were used. Tissues were isolated from the animal and homogenized for tissue antioxidant assay. Serum was collected for assays of urea and creatinine for the kidney function test using ELISA. Data collected were analyzed for Mean ± SEM using One Way ANOVA. The present study revealed that exposure of rats to different stressors reduced relative kidney weights but did not significantly alter serum creatinine concentration in the Wistar rats, although the concentrations were slightly increased compared to controls. Urea concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in rats exposed to restraint and intruder stressors. Exposure to a mirror chamber stressor did not significantly alter urea concentration. Offspring from parents of stressed female rats exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum urea level, minimal increase in serum creatinine levels. GSH and GST levels showed no significant difference when compared to control group, whereas, GPx were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased irrespective of the stressor applied. SOD activity were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the group exposed to restraint or cat intruder stressor. CAT activities were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the rats exposed to restraint or cat intruder stressor. In all, the different stress model altered the antioxidant capacity of the kidney tissues. Exposure of rats to a stressful condition of the different nature of stressor has the tendency of compromising the functional integrity of the kidney, thus, with the potency of complicating female renal function.

Therapeutic impact of purified Trichoderma virideL-asparaginase in murine model of liver cancer and in vitro Hep-G2 cell line

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the common cancers, but difficult to diagnose and treat. l-asparaginase has been introduced in the treatment protocol of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) since the 1960s with a good outcome and increased survival rates to nearly 90%. Moreover, it has been found to have therapeutic potential in solid tumors. Production of glutaminase-free-l-asparaginase is of interest to avoid glutaminase-related toxicity and hypersensitivity. In the current study, an extracellular l-asparaginase that is free of l-glutaminase was purified from the culture filtrate of an endophytic fungus Trichoderma viride. The cytotoxic effect of the purified enzyme was evaluated in vitro against a panel of human tumor cell lines and in vivo against male Wister albino mice intraperitoneally injected with diethyl nitrosamine (200 mg/kg bw), followed by (after 2 weeks) oral administration of carbon tetrachloride (2 mL/kg bw). This dose was repeated for 2 months, and after that, the blood samples were collected to estimate hepatic and renal injury markers, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress parameters. Resultsl-asparaginase was purified from T. viride culture filtrate with 36 purification folds, 688.1 U/mg specific activity, and 38.9% yield. The highest antiproliferative activity of the purified enzyme was observed against the hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cell line, with an IC50 of 21.2 g/mL, which was higher than that observed for MCF-7 (IC50 34.2 g/mL). Comparing the DENA-intoxicated group to the negative control group, it can be demonstrated that l-asparaginase adjusted the levels of the liver function enzymes and the hepatic injury markers that had previously changed with DENA intoxication. DENA causes kidney dysfunction and altered serum albumin and creatinine levels as well. Administration of l-asparaginase was found to improve the levels of the tested biomarkers including kidney and liver function tests. l-asparaginase treatment of the DENA-intoxicated group resulted in a significant improvement in the liver and kidney tissues to near normal similar to the healthy control group. ConclusionThe results suggest that this purified T. viridel-asparaginase may be able to delay the development of liver cancer and may be used as a potential candidate for future application in medicine as an anticancer medication.

The Effect of Nerolidol Renal Dysfunction following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Rat.

Efforts to decrease the deleterious effects of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) are ongoing. Recently, there has been increasing interest in using natural phytochemical compounds as alternative remedies in several diseases. Nerolidol is a natural product extracted from plants with floral odors and has been proven to be effective for the treatment of some conditions. We investigated the effect of nerolidol in a rat model of renal IRI. Nerolidol was dissolved in a vehicle and administered orally as single daily dose of 200 mg/kg for 5 days prior to IRI and continued for 3 days post IRI. G-Sham (n = 10) underwent sham surgery, whereas G-IRI (n = 10) and G-IRI/NR (n = 10) underwent bilateral warm renal ischemia for 30 min and received the vehicle/nerolidol, respectively. Renal functions and histological changes were assessed before starting the medication, just prior to IRI and 3 days after IRI. Nerolidol significantly attenuated the alterations in serum creatinine and urea, creatinine clearance, urinary albumin and the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio. Nerolidol also significantly attenuated the alterations in markers of kidney injury; proinflammatory, profibrotic and apoptotic cytokines; oxidative stress markers; and histological changes. We conclude that nerolidol has a renoprotective effect on IRI-induced renal dysfunction. These findings might have clinical implications.

Combined Anthocleista vogelii and Alstonia boonei Stem Barks Extract Alleviates Hyperlipidaemia and Renal Malfunctions in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia-Induced Rats

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a urological disease prevalent among the ageing male population, which impairs the quality of life, including hyperlipidaemia and a decline in renal functions. Combining Anthocleista vogelii and Alstonia boonei stem bark extract has effectively managed BPH and its associated complications. This study evaluated the effects of a combined Anthocleista vogelii and Alstonia boonei stem bark extract (CAASBE) on the lipid profile and renal functions of rats induced benign prostatic hyperplasia with testosterone propionate injection. The study comprised five treatment groups, with groups 1 – 5 being the normal control, BPH control, standard control, BPH+200 mg/kg CAASBE, and BPH+400 mg/kg CAASBE, respectively. BPH was induced in the groups 2 – 4 rats by subcutaneous administration of testosterone propionate injection (5 mg/kg) for 28 days, and treatment with Finasteride and CAASBE were administered orally. The BPH control rats exhibited a significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase in the total serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), urea, creatinine and significant (p &lt; 0.05) decline in the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to the normal control. Conversely, treatment of the BPH rats with 200 and 400 mg/kg of CAASBE significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reversed the altered total serum cholesterol, TAG, LDL-C, HDL-C, urea and creatinine to normal levels comparable to that of the normal control and standard control respectively. These findings show that CAASBE alleviates hyperlipidaemia and renal malfunctions in the BPH rats suggesting it could be effective in managing BPH complication.

Toxicological Investigation of Aqueous extract of Ziziphus mauritiana Leaves on Wistar Rats

Objective: Plant parts have been useful for food and remedies to various disease conditions for man long ago, but few have been studied for their toxicological effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and toxicological impacts of aqueous extract (AqE) Ziziphus mauritiana leaves on Wistar rats.&#x0D; Material-Method: The plant material was identified and authenticated at the harberium of Bayero University Kano and extraction were carried out by maceration. Phytochemical screening was carried-out using standard methods while administration of the extract was orally. Liver and kidney functional parameters were evaluated using standard kits and the histopathological evaluation were carried out according to the standard method.&#x0D; Results: Qualitative phytoconstituents screening revealed the presence of all Alkaloids, Saponin. Glycosides, tannin, flavonoids and others except anthraquinones while the quantitative screen showed phenol having the highest concentration while alkaloids have the lowest concentration. Acute toxicity revealed that the extract is non-toxic with LD50 above 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW), while subchronic toxicological evaluation revealed no significant adverse effect on all haematological parameters except WBC while the liver function parameters revealed an increase in serum GGT activity at 400 mg/kg body weight and the kidney function parameters showed alteration in serum creatinine, sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate concentrations. Significant effects on liver/body weight ratio at 400 and 1000 mg/kg BW was observed. Histoarchitectural alteration was observed in liver and kidney histopathological evaluation.&#x0D; Conclusion: The observation from this research indicates that prolonged administration of this extract may lead the severe adverse effects on the biological system.

474-P: Efficacy of Saroglitazar on Diabetes Dyslipidemia with Higher Triglyceride

Objectives: Diabetes and diabetic dyslipidemia with high triglycerides (TGs) are commonly associated. Saroglitazar is the first dual PPAR α/γ agonist which has been approved in India for diabetes dyslipidemia management. This study aimed at evaluation of the efficacy and long-term safety of Saroglitazar on diabetic dyslipidemia with very high triglyceride (&amp;gt;500 mg/dl) in real-world clinical practice. Methods: This investigation took up the form of a real-world retrospective observational study. In this retrospective study, we identified 150 patients with diabetic dyslipidemia with triglycerides &amp;gt;500 mg/dL at baseline) . They were treated with Saroglitazar once daily. Results: Significant reduction of TG and LDL-cholesterol was observed from baseline to 12th weeks 669.93±81.22 to 268.72±82.32 mg/dl and from 167.68±10. to 118.88±12 mg/dl. This study showed that in addition to statins, Saroglitazar paved the way for significant improvement in all the lipid parameters. At 52 weeks, a reduction in values of TG of 66.9%, LDL-C of 38.47%, total cholesterol of 44.84 %, and non- HDL-C of 52.62 % was evident. Adding Saroglitazar in patients on existing antidiabetic medications had highlighted a crucial 0.8% absolute reduction in HbA1c. Significant amounts of improvements in postprandial plasma glucose and fasting have also been seen. Conclusion: This study concludes that there are no adverse alterations in serum creatinine and edema. Saroglitazar can be considered as an effective therapeutic option in diabetic dyslipidemia with very high triglycerides levels. It is very safe for long-term use. Disclosure A.Sinha: None.

Geraniol Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Mediated Kidney Injury through Alteration of Antioxidant Status, Inflammation, and Apoptosis: Potential Roles of NF-κB and Nrf2/Ho-1.

Doxorubicin-mediated kidney impairment is a serious problem in cancer treatment. Accordingly, this work investigated the ability of geraniol to modulate doxorubicin-induced kidney damage using a rat model. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.), doxorubicin plus 100 mg/kg of geraniol, and doxorubicin plus 200 mg/kg of geraniol. A single doxorubicin injection triggered kidney impairment, as evidenced by the altered serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and albumin values; it also caused histological changes in the kidney architecture. Additionally, doxorubicin enhanced lipid peroxidation while lowering reduced glutathione, catalase activity, and the expression of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Interestingly, pre-treatment with geraniol rescued doxorubicin-induced alterations in kidney antioxidant parameters, enzymatic activity, and the expression of inflammatory and apoptosis-mediating gene and proteins. Moreover, prophylactic treatment with geraniol preserved most kidney histological characteristics in a dose-dependent manner. These findings support that geraniol could protect against doxorubicin-mediated kidney dysfunction. However, further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms of geraniol’s protective effects against doxorubicin-mediated kidney dysfunction.

Association of Oliguria With Acute Kidney Injury Diagnosis, Severity Assessment, and Mortality Among Patients With Critical Illness

The current definition and staging of acute kidney injury (AKI) considers alterations in serum creatinine (sCr) level and urinary output (UO). However, the relevance of oliguria-based criteria is disputed. To determine the contribution of oliguria, as defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, to AKI diagnosis, severity assessment, and short- and long-term outcomes. This cohort study included adult patients admitted to a multidisciplinary intensive care unit from January 1, 2010, to June 15, 2020. Patients receiving long-term dialysis and those who declined consent were excluded. Daily sCr level and hourly UO measurements along with sociodemographic characteristics and severity scores were extracted from electronic medical records. Long-term mortality was assessed by cross-referencing the database with the Swiss national death registry. The onset and severity of AKI according to the KDIGO classification was determined using UO and sCr criteria separately, and their agreement was assessed. Using a multivariable model accounting for baseline characteristics, severity scores, and sCr stages, the association of UO criteria with 90-day mortality was evaluated. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess how missing sCr, body weight, and UO values, as well as different sCr baseline definitions and imputations methods, would affect the main results. Among the 15 620 patients included in the study (10 330 men [66.1%] with a median age of 65 [IQR, 53-75] years, a median Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score of 40.0 [IQR, 30.0-53.0], and a median follow-up of 67.0 [IQR, 34.0-100.0] months), 12 143 (77.7%) fulfilled AKI criteria. Serum creatinine and UO criteria had poor agreement on AKI diagnosis and staging (Cohen weighted κ, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.35-0.37; P < .001). Compared with the isolated use of sCr criteria, consideration of UO criteria enabled identification of AKI in 5630 patients (36.0%). Those patients had a higher 90-day mortality than patients without AKI (724 of 5608 [12.9%] vs 288 of 3462 [8.3%]; P < .001). On multivariable analysis accounting for sCr stage, comorbidities, and illness severity, UO stages 2 and 3 were associated with a higher 90-day mortality (odds ratios, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.6-3.8; P < .001] and 6.2 [95% CI, 3.7-10.5; P < .001], respectively). These results remained significant in all sensitivity analyses. The findings of this cohort study suggest that oliguria lasting more than 12 hours (KDIGO stage 2 or 3) has major AKI diagnostic implications and is associated with outcomes irrespective of sCr elevations.

Effect of cooling strategies on milk production, physiological variables and blood profile during hot-dry and hot-humid summer in Sahiwal cattle

The present experiment was undertaken to study the effect of misting and splashing during hot-dry and hothumid months in lactating Sahiwal cattle. The study was conducted during May, June (hot-dry) and July (hothumid) with monthly average temperature-humidity index (THI) of 79.88, 80.57 and 85.36, respectively. Eighteen lactating cattle were selected on the basis of days in milk, milk yield, and parity and then divided into three groups: control (no cooling), cooling by misting and cooling by splashing. Milk production was not affected by hot-dry and hot-humid heat stress in Sahiwal cattle. RT and RR were significantly lower in misting and splashing group as compared to control during hot-dry period. The heat stress-induced leucocytosis, lymphocytopenia and neutrophilia were significantly ameliorated by both misting and splashing during the study period. Heat stress-induced alterations in serum creatinine, sodium and ROS concentration were significantly mitigated by misting in hot-humid climate. The prolactin level significantly decreased in animals by misting during the study period. The results suggested that misting was more efficient than splashing as a cooling strategy in hot dry condition while splashing was more effective in hot-humid condition and mitigated the heat stress-induced alterations in different welfare parameters but could not fully nullify it. However, the resultant stress was not sufficient enough to decrease the milk yield in Sahiwal cattle. It may also be concluded that the Sahiwal cattle have high heat tolerance and could sustain production even in a hot-dry and hot-humid environment.

Chrysin attenuates sodium arsenite-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation

BackgroundWe aimed to study the beneficial property of chrysin (CHR) by targeting its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on nephrotoxicity induced by sodium arsenite (SA). Materials & methodsWe have used the 35 male Wistar rats in five equal groups (n = 7). Normal saline in (5 ml/kg; p.o.; 21 days) was given to the control group. Sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg; p.o.; 14 days) was given to the SA group. CHR (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg; p.o.; 21 days) and SA (10 mg/kg; p.o.; 14 days from the 7th day of the experiment) was given to the SA + CHR 25, 50 and 100 groups. On the 22nd day of the experiment, the animals’ bloods and kidneys were taken, and then we have performed functional, biochemical and histological assessment. ResultsCHR pre- and alongside administration (more potently at dose of 100 mg/kg) with SA reduced the SA-induced alterations in serum creatinine and blood urine nitrogen levels. Increased levels of protein carbonyl, myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in kidney tissue were decreased by CHR treatment. CHR administration increased the levels of glutathione and activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in renal tissue. Moreover, treatment with CHR reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators including interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in renal tissue. The renal histological lesions induced SA were mitigated by CHR treatment in dose dependent manner. ConclusionThe results of present study suggested that administration of CHR before and alongside with SA attenuated the renal toxic effects of SA via antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects.

MP29-07 ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND HEMATURIA AS POOR PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS IN ONE CENTER IN MEXICO CITY

You have accessJournal of UrologyInfections/Inflammation/Cystic Disease of the Genitourinary Tract: Kidney & Bladder II (MP29)1 Sep 2021MP29-07 ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND HEMATURIA AS POOR PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS IN ONE CENTER IN MEXICO CITY Manuel Marquina-Cruz, Erick A. Rodenas-Gil, Inigo Navarro-Ruesga, Marco A. Aguilar-Mendez, Andrey Ramirez-Gonzalez, Ernesto Davila-Legorreta, Francisco J. Santa Maria-Orozco, Antonio Y. Munoz-Lopez, Ricardo E. Dominguez-Castillo, Daniel A. Arreola-Ramirez, Alejandro Haddad-Servin, Jorge G. Morales-Montor, Gerardo Fernandez-Noyola, Carlos Martinez-Arroyo, Mauricio Cantellano-Orozco, and Carlos Pacheco Gahbler Manuel Marquina-CruzManuel Marquina-Cruz More articles by this author , Erick A. Rodenas-GilErick A. Rodenas-Gil More articles by this author , Inigo Navarro-RuesgaInigo Navarro-Ruesga More articles by this author , Marco A. Aguilar-MendezMarco A. Aguilar-Mendez More articles by this author , Andrey Ramirez-GonzalezAndrey Ramirez-Gonzalez More articles by this author , Ernesto Davila-LegorretaErnesto Davila-Legorreta More articles by this author , Francisco J. Santa Maria-OrozcoFrancisco J. Santa Maria-Orozco More articles by this author , Antonio Y. Munoz-LopezAntonio Y. Munoz-Lopez More articles by this author , Ricardo E. Dominguez-CastilloRicardo E. Dominguez-Castillo More articles by this author , Daniel A. Arreola-RamirezDaniel A. Arreola-Ramirez More articles by this author , Alejandro Haddad-ServinAlejandro Haddad-Servin More articles by this author , Jorge G. Morales-MontorJorge G. Morales-Montor More articles by this author , Gerardo Fernandez-NoyolaGerardo Fernandez-Noyola More articles by this author , Carlos Martinez-ArroyoCarlos Martinez-Arroyo More articles by this author , Mauricio Cantellano-OrozcoMauricio Cantellano-Orozco More articles by this author , and Carlos Pacheco GahblerCarlos Pacheco Gahbler More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002026.07AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Kidney complications have been observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, autopsy findings of patients who died from the disease have shown infiltration of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the kidney podocytes. However, information is scarce about the renal clinical characteristics and their implication in patients prognosis. The objective is to assess acute renal injury (AKI), microscopic hematuria (MH) and gross hematuria (GH) in COVID-19 patients in one Mexican center as a predictive factor for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality. METHODS: Analytical, transversal, observational and retrospective study in a single center in Mexico City, from March 2020 to July 2020. We assessed clinical records of 197 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, collecting information on clinical characteristics, lab results, AKI, MH, GH, invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality. RESULTS: 197 patients with COVID-19 were studied, 145 (73.6%) had an abnormal general urinalysis (UA) or altered serum creatinine (sCr) during their hospitalization. During a median of 14.9 days of hospitalization, 33 (16.7%) patients presented MH and 23 (11.6%) presented GH. 50 (25.3%) patients presented AKI on admission and 39 (19.7%) presented it at their last follow-up. After statistical analysis, associations for invasive mechanical ventilation were found, with MH [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) p >] [0.78 (0.29-2.12) p >0.64], GH [0.64 (0.20-2.06) p >0.45], AKI at admission [0.93 (0.45-1.9) p > 0.85)] and AKI at their last follow-up [1.16 (0.58-2.31) p >0.66]. As well as the association of mortality with MH [0.81 (0.31-2.12) p >0.67], GH [0.62 (0.19-2.01) p >0.43], AKI at admission [0.92 (0.44-1.9 p >0.84) and AKI at their follow-up [2.77 (1.36-5.64) p >0.005]. CONCLUSIONS: Kidney abnormalities were found in a large number of COVID-19 patients. Although most cases with hematuria and kidney injury resolved, association of AKI at their last follow-up with mortality was the only statistically significant variable. Source of Funding: None © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e492-e492 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Manuel Marquina-Cruz More articles by this author Erick A. Rodenas-Gil More articles by this author Inigo Navarro-Ruesga More articles by this author Marco A. Aguilar-Mendez More articles by this author Andrey Ramirez-Gonzalez More articles by this author Ernesto Davila-Legorreta More articles by this author Francisco J. Santa Maria-Orozco More articles by this author Antonio Y. Munoz-Lopez More articles by this author Ricardo E. Dominguez-Castillo More articles by this author Daniel A. Arreola-Ramirez More articles by this author Alejandro Haddad-Servin More articles by this author Jorge G. Morales-Montor More articles by this author Gerardo Fernandez-Noyola More articles by this author Carlos Martinez-Arroyo More articles by this author Mauricio Cantellano-Orozco More articles by this author Carlos Pacheco Gahbler More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Evaluation of polyherbal formulation against isoniazid and rifampicin induced oxidative stress in rat kidney

The present study deals with oxidative stress in rat kidneys upon administration of Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RIF), and the attenuative effect of polyherbal formulation Heptoplus. Heptoplus is a polyherbal drug that contains phyllanthin as the active ingredient. Rats were intoxicated with INH and RIF and Heptoplus was orally fed to rats along with INH and RIF. Body weight, serum biochemical, antioxidant status, mitochondrial enzyme activity, lysosomal enzyme leakage and the histopathological impact were studied in the rat kidneys. Body and kidney weight of untreated rats showed deviation, but on treatment, they maintained their normal weight. Untreated rats showed altered serum urea and creatinine levels with deviated antioxidant status and enzymes leakages from lysosomes and decreased mitochondrial enzyme activity in kindey. But Heptoplus treatment allowed the rats to maintain their biochemical indices in blood and kidney at near normal level. Histopathological reports revealed INH- and RIF -induced oxidative stress was not in sufficient amount to incur any significant damage at the tissue level. Hence, both treated and untreated rat kidneys exhibits normal architecture. In conclusion, Heptoplus treatment protects the kidney of rats from the INH- and RIF- induced oxidative stress.

The effect of neprilysin and renin inhibition on the renal dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat.

The natriuretic peptide (NP) system counter‐regulates the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS), so enhancing the activity of natriuretic peptides (NPs) may be beneficial in conditions when RAS is activated such as ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). Neprilysin is the key enzyme responsible for the degradation of NPs. The effects of neprilysin inhibition or the combination of neprilysin inhibition and RAS inhibition on renal IRI‐induced renal dysfunction have not been investigated yet. To investigate this, rats underwent sham surgery or bilateral IRI for 20 min. G‐Als, G‐Scb, and G‐Als+Scb underwent similar protocol but received aliskiren (renin inhibitor), sacubitril (neprilysin inhibitor) or a combination of both pre‐ and post‐IRI, respectively. IRI caused significant alterations in all renal functional parameters, markers of acute renal injury, pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic cytokines, and histological features. All these alterations were significantly attenuated in G‐Als, G‐Scb, and G‐Als+Scb. The attenuations in the alterations in serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and histological features were larger in G‐Als+Scb compared to either G‐Als or G‐Scb. We conclude that RAS blockade by a renin inhibitor (aliskiren) or neprilysin inhibition by sacubitril separately led to significant attenuation in the renal IRI‐induced renal dysfunction. The combination of aliskiren and sacubitril was more effective than either one alone.

Assessment of the dose-dependent biochemical and cytotoxicity of zein-coated MgO nanowires in male and female albino rats

Introduction: Recently, zein-coated MgO nanowires were synthesized, which could be promising as an effective antimicrobial compounds that can be combined in the preparation of a diversity of new dental formulations. However, there is a deficiency of information concerning their toxicological profile regarding the human health. Objective: This in vivo study aimed to explore the hepato- and nephrotoxicity of low versus high doses of zein-coated MgO nanowires in rats. Materials and Methods: A 21-day recurrent dose toxicity research was carried out. Wistar rats were divided into 2 main groups, males and females (n = 18). Each group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups: control, MgO-zein nanowires low dose, MgO-zein nanowires high dose. The low dose used was 100 mg/kg while the high dose used was 200 mg/kg. Results: The results showed that MgO-zein nanowires at both doses did not affect the electrolytes levels compared to the control levels. Also, they did not produce any significant alteration in liver function markers in both rats' genders. MgO-zein nanowires at both doses did not produce any effective alteration in serum creatinine in treated rats of both genders. Moreover, very minimal histological alterations were observed in both doses of MgO-zein nanowires in liver and kidney of both genders. Conclusion: Based on the observed safety of zein-coated MgO nanowires, it can be utilized as an effective antimicrobial compound that can be combined in the preparation of a diversity of new dental formulations. KEY MESSAGES MgO NPs are globally used in multiple fields including the therapeutic field. Zein has wide pharmaceutical applications especially coating the tablet over sugar. There are no cytotoxic studies that investigate MgO-zein nanowires safety until now.

Toxicological studies of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Calopogonium mucunoides aqueous leaf extract on Wistar rats

Increasing usage of nanosilver (AgNPs) for biomedical purposes outstrips the handiness of safety evaluation studies. This study investigates oral toxicity of biogenic AgNPs (at 50, 75, 100 and 150 μg/kg) on rats. Results analysis revealed that C. mucunoides AgNPs improved dietary intake and body weight of rats. Level of serum total protein significantly increased 9.54±0.05, 8.31±0.06, 11.31±0.41, 10.48±0.65 g/dL compared to control 6.43±0.55 g/dL while serum AST significantly reduced to 0.05±0.00 and 0.10±0.02U/L at 50 and 75 μg/mL. AgNPs did not significantly (P ˃ 0.05) altered serum chloride, urea, ALT and creatinine relative to the control. However, serum potassium (10.74±1.86 mmol/l) significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) to 3.11±0.71, 3.12±2.50 4.64±1.47, 5.79±1.30mmol/L respectively. There was also a significant (P &lt; 0.05) dose dependent upsurge in platelets (618.50±48.79, 743.50±17.68, 763.50±10.60 and 843.50±24.75) and MCV (49.50±0.71, 52.50±0.71, 53.50±0.71 and 56.00±4.24) compared to the control (617.50±79.90 and 43.00±0.00) respectively. The haemoglobin, PCV, MCHC, MCH, RBC, WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils values were not different (P ˃ 0.05) from the control. Results obtained suggest that AgNPs is relatively safe, although it altered serum total protein and potassium concentrations, no rat died due toxicological effect.&#x0D; Keywords: Alterations, nanosilver, toxicity, upsurge.