Alterations In Blood Parameters Research Articles

Evaluation of Some Hematological Parameters for Patients Infected with Entamoeba Histolytica in Najaf Governorate

General background: Amoebic dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica is a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with poor sanitation. It can lead to various complications, including changes in blood parameters. Specific background: Identifying changes in blood indicators during amoebic infections can aid early diagnosis and improve patient outcomes. Knowledge gap: There is limited research exploring gender-based differences in blood parameters of patients with amoebiasis. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of E. histolytica infection on specific blood parameters in male and female patients and to assess gender-based variations in these parameters. Results: A total of 45 patients (20 males, 25 females) diagnosed with amoebiasis were included, with samples collected between May 2023 and January 2024. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed between male and female patients in RBC, HB, HCT, and MCH, while no significant differences were noted for MCV, MCHC, RDW, PLT, WBC, or LYM. Male patients showed higher mean values of RBC (5.01 ± 0.65) and HB (14.6 ± 1.61) compared to females (RBC: 4.5 ± 0.54; HB: 12.28 ± 1.24). Novelty: This study highlights gender-specific alterations in blood parameters during amoebiasis, providing new insights into how gender affects physiological responses to E. histolytica infection. Implications: Regular monitoring of blood parameters, particularly RBC and HB, in patients with amoebiasis is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. The findings also underscore the importance of gender considerations in clinical management and suggest the need for larger studies to confirm these results and explore their diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Highlights: Gender impacts blood parameters in amoebiasis patients. Males show higher RBC and HB than females. Regular monitoring aids early E. histolytica diagnosis. Keywords: Amoebic dysentery, Entamoeba histolytica, blood parameters, gender differences, early diagnosis

Serum Biochemistry and Haematology Alterations in Sled Dogs Before and After a Race

Abstract Long-distance sled dogs are known for their great endurance and ability to run several hundred kilometres over the course of a few days. There are several factors to consider when selecting a team of high-performing sled dogs, including their physique, body score condition, appetite, paws, and ability to adapt to unknown environments and situations. The most common breed used in sled dog racing, Alaska Huskies, are known for their great work diligence, and determined mindset. It has previously been researched how well these dogs endure such intense physical activity using observation of behavioural patterns, physical examinations, and the analysis of alterations in blood parameters. This study aimed to evaluate serum chemistry and haematology alterations in dogs before and after completing a 300 km race in Norway. Changes were observed in haematology and serum chemistry between pre- and post-race blood sampling. Significant increases were observed in the white blood cell count, haemoglobin in blood and creatine phosphokine activity in serum (CK), and significant decreases were seen in the electrolytes (e.g., chlorides, potassium), cholesterol levels, liver (e.g., alkaline phosphatase) and pancreatic enzymes (α-amylase, lipase), and total red blood cell count. Several other parameters were measured, and resulted in insignificant changes. Our results indicated that long-distance racing, in fact, has an impact on the physiology of the dog, influencing muscular system, the gastrointestinal tract, electrolyte balance and haematopoiesis among others.

Evaluating Mortality Predictors in COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit Patients: Insights into Age, Procalcitonin, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Ferritin Lactate Index.

Numerous studies suggest that alterations in blood parameters, such as changes in platelet, lymphocyte, hemoglobin, eosinophil, and basophil counts; increased neutrophil counts; and elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios, signal COVID-19 infection and predict worse outcomes. Leveraging these insights, our study seeks to create a predictive mortality model by assessing age and crucial laboratory markers. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their hospital outcomes: 130 survivors who recovered from their Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay (Group 1) and 74 who died (Group 2). We then developed a predictive mortality model using patients' age, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), procalcitonin levels, and ferritin lactate (FL) index results. A total of 204 patients were included. Patients in Group 2 had a notably higher mean age compared to those in Group 1 (76 ± 11 vs. 66 ± 15 years) (p < 0.001). Using specific cut-off values, our analysis revealed varying effectiveness in predicting COVID-19 mortality: Those aged over 73 years showed 74% sensitivity and 60% specificity, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.701. Procalcitonin levels above 0.35 ng/mL balanced true-positive and -negative identifications well, achieving an AUC of 0.752. The FL index, with a threshold of 1228 mg/dL, had 68% sensitivity and 65% specificity with an AUC of 0.707. A PLR higher than 212 resulted in 48% sensitivity and 69% specificity, with an AUC of 0.582. An NLR higher than 5.8 resulted in 55% sensitivity and 63% specificity, with an AUC of 0.640, showcasing diverse predictive accuracies across parameters. The statistical analysis evaluated the effects of age (>73), procalcitonin levels (>0.35), FL > 1228, PLR > 212, and NLR > 5.8 on mortality variables using logistic regression. Ages over 73 significantly increased event odds by 2.1 times (p = 0.05), procalcitonin levels above 0.35 nearly quintupled the odds (OR = 5.6, p < 0.001), high FL index levels more than tripled the odds (OR = 3.5, p = 0.003), a PLR > 212 significantly increased event odds by 3.5 (p = 0.030), and an NLR > 5.8 significantly increased event odds by 1.6 (p = 0.043). Our study highlights significant predictors of mortality in COVID-19 ICU patients, including advanced age, elevated procalcitonin, FL index levels, the PLR, and the NLR.

A Comprehensive Study of Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Dogs Naturally Exposed to SARS-CoV-2

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the causal agent behind coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease declared pandemic in 2020. Because of the zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2 and the close contact kept by domestic dogs with their owners, it became imperative to understand the role of dogs in the epidemiology of the disease and in the virus transmission. In the present study, we determined the presence of virus and described the long-term immune effects of SARS-CoV-2 in 24 dogs exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in the domestic environment. Our findings highlight that only a subset of dogs, naturally exposed to SARS-CoV-2, exhibit a humoral response to the new virus (close to 17% had IgM antibodies and close to 33% has IgG antibodies). We identified for the first time SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells in dogs (approximately in half of our dogs). While 56% of dogs maintained humoral response 8 months, only 22% of dogs maintained cellular response after 4 and 8 months. Although some alterations in blood parameters and proinflammatory cytokines were described, there was no evidence indicating an exacerbated cytokine release process. Considering that none of the animals enrolled in this study showed viral shedding and presented specific immune responses, it is reasonable to propose that the canine immune system in certain companion dogs is effective at blocking the negative effects of viral replication, thereby suggesting that dogs would not be potential transmitters of this pathogen to the other dogs or other species and could aid in promoting collective immunity.

Toxicity and antitumor activity of the water-soluble lectin from Moringa oleifera Lam. Seeds (WSMoL) in sarcoma 180-bearing mice

WSMoL, a water-soluble lectin from the seeds of Moringa oleifera, present several biological activities. This work aimed to evaluated the toxicity and antitumor activity of WSMoL. To analyze toxicity, it was determined hematological, biochemical and histological parameters; consumption of water and feed as well as the weight of the animals. Antitumor analysis included evaluation of tumor weight, histology and cytokine levels. Acute toxicity assay revealed 60% mortality of animals treated with lectin at 200 mg/kg i. p. At 100 mg/kg i. p., the animals showed a decreased food and water consumption as well weight gain in comparison with control. However, no animal died and there were no alterations in blood parameters or histological analysis. Antitumor activity evaluated at safe doses (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in tumor weight. Tumor photomicrographs evidenced that WSMoL treatment reduced dissemination of tumor cells. WSMoL (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly enhance the immune function in the tumor environment as showed by increased the levels of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-17) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines. In conclusion, WSMoL showed in vivo antitumor activity in mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumor, probably by increase the immune response against the tumor.

Impact of chronic heat stress on behavior, oxidative status and meat quality traits of fast-growing broiler chickens.

This research aimed to investigate, through a multifactorial approach, the relationship among some in-vivo parameters (i.e., behavior and blood traits) in broilers exposed to chronic HS, and their implications on proximate composition, technological properties, and oxidative stability of breast meat. A total of 300 Ross 308 male chickens were exposed, from 35 to 41days of age, to either thermoneutral conditions (TNT group: 20°C; six replicates of 25 birds/each) or elevated ambient temperature (HS group: 24h/d at 30°C; six replicates of 25 birds/each). In order to deal with thermal stress, HS chickens firstly varied the frequency of some behaviors that are normally expressed also in physiological conditions (i.e., increasing "drinking" and decreasing "feeding") and then exhibited a behavioral pattern finalized at dissipating heat, primarily represented by "roosting," "panting" and "elevating wings." Such modifications become evident when the temperature reached 25°C, while the behavioral frequencies tended to stabilize at 27°C with no further substantial changes over the 6days of thermal challenge. The multifactorial approach highlighted that these behavioral changes were associated with oxidative and inflammatory status as indicated by lower blood γ-tocopherol and higher carbonyls level (0.38 vs. 0.18nmol/mL, and 2.39 vs. 7.19nmol/mg proteins, respectively for TNT and HS; p < 0.001). HS affected breast meat quality by reducing the moisture:protein ratio (3.17 vs. 3.01, respectively for TNT and HS; p < 0.05) as well as the muscular acidification (ultimate pH = 5.81 vs. 6.00, respectively; p < 0.01), resulting in meat with higher holding capacity and tenderness. HS conditions reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration in the breast meat while increased protein oxidation. Overall results evidenced a dynamic response of broiler chickens to HS exposure that induced behavioral and physiological modifications strictly linked to alterations of blood parameters and meat quality characteristics.

Alteration in Blood Parameters in Dairy Cows Affected with Acute /Chronic Mastitis: A Short Communication

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The Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet on Laboratory Parameters in Women with Lipedema in Comparison to Overweight/Obese Women.

The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in blood parameters after a low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet in women with lipedema in comparison to overweight or obese women. A total of 115 women were classified into two groups: the lipedema group and the overweight/obesity group. Both study groups followed the caloric-restricted LCHF diet for 7 months. A total of 48 women completed the study. A reduction in body weight was observed in both study groups. A significant decrease in triglycerides and an increase in HDL-C concentrations were observed in both study groups. Despite the increase in the concentration of LDL-C observed in the lipedema group, changes in LDL-C differed between individual patients. Improvements in liver parameters, glucose tolerance, and a decrease in fasting insulin levels were observed, although they were less pronounced in the lipedema group than in the overweight/obesity group. Kidney and thyroid functions were similar before and after the LCHF diet in both groups. The LCHF diet may be a valuable nutritional strategy for lipedema and overweight/obese women, with a beneficial effect on weight, glucose profile, liver function, the concentration of triglycerides, and HDL-C and with no effect on kidney and thyroid function.

Haematological indices and immune response profiles in dogs naturally infected and co-infected with Dirofilaria repens and Babesia canis

Co-infections with Dirofilaria repens and Babesia canis are rarely reported in the literature and there is very limited knowledge of their impact on canine health. Central Poland is endemic for both parasites, posing a risk of co-infections in dogs. To evaluate the impact of co-infection with B. canis and D. repens on canine health, four groups of dogs were examined: healthy dogs, dogs infected with B. canis, dogs infected with D. repens and dogs co-infected with both species. Blood parameters indicative of anaemia, kidney and liver damage were analysed statistically. Additionally, expression levels of immune response genes were quantified and compared, to define the type of immune response typically encountered in single- and co-infections. In dogs infected with D. repens, no major alterations in blood parameters were observed. Dogs infected with B. canis suffered from anaemia, kidney and liver insufficiency. In contrast, dogs co-infected with D. repens and B. canis showed milder alternation in blood biochemical parameters associated with liver (ALP activity) and kidney (serum urea and creatinine levels) dysfunction, compared to dogs infected only with B. canis. The expression of genes associated with cellular (Th1-mediated) (STAT4 and INF-γ), humoral (Th2-mediated) (STAT6, GATA3, SOCS3, IL-13) and regulatory (IL-10) responses was quantified. For this analysis, dogs infected with B. canis were divided into two groups—‘Babesia 1’ (mild babesiosis), ‘Babesia 2’ (severe babesiosis). All the tested factors, except INF-γ, were found to be expressed in dogs infected with D. repens. In ‘Babesia 1’ dogs, expression of GATA3 was highest, while in ‘Babesia 2’—INF-γ and SOCS3 dominated. IL-13 expression was predominant in dogs infected with D. repens, and STAT6 and IL-10 predominated in dogs with co-infections.

Study of the Effect of Dietary Agavin Supplementation in Blood Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes of Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Stress Conditions

High-density aquaculture produces oxidative stress that affects fish welfare and leads to poor growth. Agavin is a fructan that regulates the antioxidant response and inhibits stress-related alterations in blood metabolites (cortisol and blood lipids), preventing oxidative damage in fish. This study evaluated the effect of dietary agavin on the hepatic antioxidant response and blood metabolites in Nile tilapia under high rearing density. A negative control, a positive control, and experimental diets supplemented with 20 and 40 g/kg agavin were formulated. Nile tilapia (1.04 g ± 0.01 g initial body weight) were fed for 80 days to evaluate the antioxidant response and blood metabolites. After 90 days, fish were exposed to high density (63 kg/m3) for twenty days, except for the negative control (low-density). Under high-density stress, cortisol, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels decreased in fish fed diets with agavin compared with the positive control (high density). CAT and SOD activity significantly increased in fish fed agavin diets; malondialdehyde levels decreased under high density compared with both controls. These results suggest that dietary agavin supplementation promotes the antioxidant response and prevents stress-related alterations in blood parameters in Nile tilapia under high rearing density through its antioxidant properties and, probably, has a prebiotic effect.

Deleterious Effects of Heat Stress on Poultry Production: Unveiling the Benefits of Betaine and Polyphenols

Managing and controlling environmental temperature conditions using practical strategies is crucial to avoid the negative impacts of high environmental temperature, improving poultry production and welfare. High environmental temperature is one of the significant factors challenging poultry production during hot seasons or in tropical areas causing heat stress (HS). The detrimental effects of HS on broilers range from reduced growth performance to impaired poultry meat quality. HS impairs physiological responses caused by alteration in blood parameters, which could lead to impaired product quality by reducing moisture content and altering the production of antioxidant enzymes resulting in increased oxidative stress. There has been a focus on the use of nutritional supplements as a cost effective HS amelioration strategy, such as betaine and polyphenols. Supplementing broiler chicken’s diets with polyphenols aims to enhance growth performance via reduced levels of oxidative stress in tissues under HS conditions. Furthermore, using betaine as an osmolyte aims to protect tissues during osmotic stress conditions. The current review reveals that betaine and polyphenols are essential under crucial conditions such as HS to protect tissues from oxidative damage.

Longitudinal dynamics and health impact of Hepatozoon procyonis (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) on naturally infected ring-tailed coatis Nasua nasua (Carnivora: Procyonidae) from Midwestern Brazil

This study aimed to morphologically and molecularly detect Hepatozoon procyonis in ring-tailed coatis’ (Nasua nasua) blood and associated ticks from central-western Brazil, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state and also evaluate the impact of the protozoa in blood parameters and coati´s health. Samplings were performed in a conservation area Parque Estadual do Prosa (PEP) and in a Brazilian Air Force Private Area namely Vila da Base Aérea (VBA), between March 2018 and April 2019. We collected 165 blood samples, 61 from recaptured coatis. Peripheral blood smears were stained with Romanovsky-type stain for H. procyonis parasitemia assessment. DNA extracted from blood samples and ticks (Amblyomma spp.) were submitted to a nested PCR (nPCR) assay based on the 18S rRNA gene for Hepatozoon spp. Out of 104 individuals sampled, 80 (77%) were positive for H. procyonis in at least one capture. Overall, 67/165 (40.6%) blood smears showed H. procyonis gametocytes (PEP: 41/63 - 65%; VBA: 26/102 - 25.5%). Parasitemia based on 500 assessed leucocytes ranged from 1 (0.2%) to 50 (10%) and 1 (0.2%) to 25 (5%), from animals sampled in PEP and VBA, respectively. Fluctuation on the parasitemia was observed during recaptures. nPCR results showed higher positivity when compared to blood smears, i.e. 112/165 (68%) positive blood samples [PEP: 41/63 (65%), VBA: 26/102 (25.5%)]. In total, 63/248 (25.4%) tick DNA samples were positive at nPCR for Hepatozoon sp., including 32/87 (37%) pools (1 to 10 larvae) of Amblyomma larvae, 21/105 (20%) pools (1 to 5 nymphs) of Amblyomma sculptum nymphs, 9/43 (21%) pools (1 to 5 nymphs) of Amblyomma dubitatumnymphs, and 1/12 (8%) A. sculptum adult female. The partial 18S rRNA sequence from one coati's blood sample and one representative of each positive tick species randomly selected from each area for sequencing (1,000 bp) showed 100% identity with sequences of H. procyonis from GenBank previously detected in coatis. Regarding H. procyonis infection, no statistical differences were obtained when comparing males vs. females (p-value 0.67), immature animals vs. adults (p-value 0.31), rainy vs. dry season (p-value 0.51) and sampling location (p-value 0.42). No noticeable alteration in blood parameters or heath status was observed in parasite animals. H. procyonis circulates in a high prevalence in coatis from central-western Brazil. Parasitemia fluctuates among different coatis’ recaptures and apparently the infection has no influence in coatis’ hematological and clinical parameters.

Sex Difference and Benzene Exposure: Does It Matter?

Sex-related biological differences might lead to different effects in women and men when they are exposed to risk factors. A scoping review was carried out to understand if sex could be a discriminant in health outcomes due to benzene. Studies on both animals and humans were collected. In vivo surveys, focusing on genotoxicity, hematotoxicity and effects on metabolism suggested a higher involvement of male animals (mice or rats) in adverse health effects. Conversely, the studies on humans, focused on the alteration of blood parameters, myeloid leukemia incidence and biomarker rates, highlighted that, overall, women had significantly higher risk for blood system effects and a metabolization of benzene 23–26% higher than men, considering a similar exposure situation. This opposite trend highlights that the extrapolation of in vivo findings to human risk assessment should be taken with caution. However, it is clear that sex is a physiological parameter to consider in benzene exposure and its health effects. The topic of sex difference linked to benzene in human exposure needs further research, with more numerous samples, to obtain a higher strength of data and more indicative findings. Sex factor, and gender, could have significant impacts on occupational exposures and their health effects, even if there are still uncertainties and gaps that need to be filled.

Food-grade titanium dioxide decreases hematocrit and hemoglobin and increases compulsive-like behavior in male mice.

Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) is widely used as a food additive, and it is known that after oral consumption, E171 is translocated into the bloodstream reaching the highest titanium level at 6 h. E171 is accumulated in some organs triggering toxicity, but the effects on the blood parameters after oral consumption have been less studied. Recently, evidence shows that oral exposure to E171 induces behavioral signs of anxiety and depression. The relation between blood alterations and psychiatric disorders has been previously demonstrated. However, the oral exposure to E171 effects on alterations in blood parameters and effects linked to alterations in animal behavior has not been explored. In this short communication, we aimed to investigate the effects of E171 on specific blood parameters (hematocrit, hemoglobin, number of erythrocytes, and leukocytes) and anxiety and compulsive-like behavior in males and females orally exposed to ~5 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The results showed that E171 decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin in male but not in female mice while leukocyte and erythrocyte count remained unaltered. Oral consumption of E171 decreased the levels of anxiety-like behavior in females but not in male mice, while compulsive-like behavior was increased in both male and female mice.

Parasitological and histopathological examination of Cocktail lovebirds infected with Eimeria aratinga (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae)

Coccidiosis is a devastating worldwide disease and is considered a dreadful disease in lovebirds. Indeed, a problem has been appeared cocktail lovebirds kept in a private pet birdhouse in Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, Egypt, in the shape of blood-tinged diarrhea, birds huddled together and showing signs of inappetence, ruffled feathers, unable to fly, general weakness and emaciation associated with high mortalities. Therefore, this study aimed to diagnose and find a suitable treatment to overcome such problems. To achieve this aim, blood and droppings samples were collected from infected and healthy birds for parasitological and hematological examinations, and tissue samples were collected from freshly dead birds for postmortem and histopathological examinations. A treatment trial was adopted on 50 infected birds and 25 healthy and parasitological negative birds and groups were classified as follows: group 1) 25 infected birds treated with Diclazuril, group 2) infected birds treated with Coccicure, and group 3) 25 birds kept as control negative reference birds. The parasitological identification revealed the presence of Eimeria aratinga (E. aratinga) oocysts in the infected bird intestine. Finally, we concluded that E. aratinga is a serious protozoon parasite infesting lovebirds revealing severe clinical signs, high mortalities, histopathological changes in the intestine and alteration in blood parameters. Diclazuril is an effective drug in treating E. aratinga in cocktail lovebirds.

A Retrospective Observational Study of Chlorine Dioxide Effectiveness to Covid19-like Symptoms Prophylaxis in Relatives Living with COVID19 Patients

To date, there is no effective prophylactic agent to prevent COVID-19. However, the development of symptoms similar to covid19 could be prevented with an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide (ClO2). This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of an aqueous solution of ClO2 (CDS) as a prophylactic agent in 1,163 family members living with positive/suspected COVID19 patients. Prophylactic treatment consisted of 0.0003% chlorine dioxide solution (CDS) orally for at least fourteen days. Family members in whom no reports of the development of covid19-like symptoms were found in the medical history were considered successful cases. The efficacy of CDS in preventing covid19-like symptoms was 90.4% (1,051 of 1,163 relatives did not report any symptoms). The comorbidities, sex and severity of the illness of the sick patient did not contribute to the development of symptoms similar to covid19 (P = 0.092, P = 0.351 and P = 0.574, respectively). However, older relatives were more likely to develop covid19-like symptoms (ORa = 4.22, P = 0.002). There was no evidence of alterations in blood parameters or in the QTc interval in relatives who consumed CDS. The recent findings regarding Chlorine Dioxide justify designing clinical trials to assess its efficacy for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Alterations in blood parameters, DNA damage, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes and immune-related genes expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide

In this study, effects of different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated after a 14-day of exposure. After determination of LC50 value, effects of GBH on hematological and serum biochemical parameters in blood samples, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in liver tissues, expression levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST) and immune-related genes (TGF-β, TGF-α and IL1-β) were evaluated. The LC50 value has been found as 44.4 mg/L for GBH. GBH exposure at all concentrations caused alterations in blood parameters. GBH induced oxidative stress in liver and DNA damage in blood. Antioxidant enzyme-related genes were significantly up-regulated to suppress oxidative stress. On the other hand, the expression levels of immune-related genes decreased in fish exposure to particularly ≥20 mg/L GBH.

Evaluation of hematological parameters in covid-19 patients in district Hapur

Objective: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) sparked from Wuhan city of China and rapidly developed into a pandemic. The critically ill patients of COVID-19 exhibit features of hyper inflammation, and the particular blood tests may be rewarding for prognosis. Our aim was to investigate the CBC, which includes total leukocyte, lymphocytes and granulocytes count, Hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RBCs and Platelet count, NLR etc. The current study was conducted to conclude the alteration in blood parameters and their association with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted retrospectively, a total of 100 COVID-19 positive patients were examined: 50 were mild, 25 were moderate, 10 were severe, and 15 were critically diseased patients. Unfortunately, we recorded 6 deaths among the critical group. The overall mean age observed in our study was 48.94 years, where the mean age for critical individuals was 62.12 ± 14.35 years. Results: A significant association between the disease severity and elevation in blood parameters were observed. The total WBC's and Neutrophils count were significantly decreased (p value

Evaluation of hematological parameters as an indicator of disease severity in Covid-19 patients: Pakistan's experience.

BackgroundThe severity of COVID‐19 could be evaluated by examining several blood parameters mainly white blood cell (WBC) count, granulocytes, platelet, and novel hemocytometric markers neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte (PLR), and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR). The current study was conducted to investigate alteration in blood parameters and their association with the severity and mortality of COVID‐19 patients.MethodologyAn observational cross‐sectional study was conducted retrospectively, a total of 101 COVID‐19 positive patients were examined: 52 were mild, 24 were moderate, 09 were severe, and 16 were critically diseased patients. We also recorded 16 deaths associated with the critical group. The overall mean age observed in our study was 48.94 years, where the mean age for critical individuals was 62.12 ± 14.35 years.ResultsA significant association between the disease severity and elevation in blood parameters were observed. The WBC's and granulocyte count were significantly increased (p value <0.001) while the mean platelet count (165.0 × 109/L) and red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW) were decreased in the critical group (57.86%) compared to mild group's patients (177.3%) (p = 0.83). The lymphocytes count was decreased in critical patients (1.40 × 109/L) compared to mild patients (1.92 × 109/L) (p = 0.28). A significant association was observed in platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.001), Neutrophil‐Lymphocyte ratio (p = <0.001), and Lymphocyte‐Monocyte ratio (0.011).ConclusionThese blood parameters could be used as a suitable biomarker for the prognosis and severity of COVID‐19. Evaluating novel hemograms NLR, PLR, and LMR can aid clinicians to identify potentially severe cases at early stages, initiate effective management in time, and conduct early triage which may reduce the overall mortality of COVID‐19 patients.

Comparative study of hematological parameters of Colossoma macropomum anesthetized with benzocaine and eugenol by using different anticoagulants

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the action of benzocaine and eugenol over anesthesia stages and the use of three anticoagulants (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium citrate, and sodium heparin) over hematological and biochemical parameters and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in tambaquis Colossoma macropomum. For that, fish were distributed into two experimental groups: G1: fish anesthetized with benzocaine and G2: fish anesthetized with eugenol. Induction and recovery times of anesthesia were evaluated and blood samples with different anticoagulants were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis and osmotic erythrocyte osmotic fragility. Fish anesthetized with eugenol showed a longer period of anesthesia, shorter induction time, and longer recovery time. In addition, fish anesthetized with benzocaine by using sodium citrate showed leukopenia and lymphopenia and morphological alterations when compared to the other anticoagulants. Furthermore, fish anesthetized with eugenol by using sodium citrate showed significantly lower values (P < 0.05) of hematocrit and hemoglobin when compared to other anticoagulants and there were significant differences in erythrocyte osmotic fragility between anticoagulants in fish anesthetized with eugenol. The results observed in this study indicate that eugenol is a good alternative as anesthetics for tambaquis when compared to benzocaine because of its rapid anesthesia induction and few alterations in blood parameters. In addition, the use of EDTA facilitates the erythrocyte conservation and cause few blood alterations compared to other anticoagulants.