Altered Lipid Profile Research Articles

Elovl4b knockout zebrafish as a model for ocular very-long-chain PUFA deficiency

Very-long-chain PUFAs (VLC-PUFAs) are a group of lipids with chain lengths >24 carbons, and the ELOVL4 (elongation of very-long-chain FA-4) enzyme is responsible for vertebrate VLC-PUFA biosynthesis. Studies on the role of VLC-PUFAs in vision have been hindered because of the need for adequate animal models to capture the global loss of VLC-PUFAs. Since homozygous Elovl4 ablation is lethal in neonatal mice because of catastrophic drying from the loss of their protective skin barrier, we established a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of Elovl4 ablation. We generated Elovl4b KO zebrafish by creating a 56-bp deletion mutation in exon 2 of the Elovl4b gene using CRISPR-Cas9. We used GC-MS and LC-MS/MS to analyze the VLC-PUFA and lipid profiles from wild-type and Elovl4b KO fish eyes. We also performed histology and visual-behavioral tests. We found that heterozygous and homozygous Elovl4b KO zebrafish eyes had altered lipid profiles and a significantly lower C30 to C36 VLC-PUFA abundance than wild-type fish. Moreover, Elovl4b+/− and Elovl4b−/− KO larvae had significantly lower motor activity in response to light-dark cycles than their age-matched controls. Elovl4b−/− adult fish showed no obvious differences in gross retinal morphology and lamination compared with wild type, except for the presence of lipid droplets within the retinal pigment epithelial cell layer of Elovl4b−/− fish. Our data indicate that the loss of Elovl4b in zebrafish changes ocular lipid profiles and leads to visual abnormalities and subtle retinal changes. These findings highlight the use of zebrafish as a model for VLC-PUFA depletion and ELOVL4-related dysfunction.

Targeting the vivid facets of apolipoproteins as a cardiovascular risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis.

Mostly, cardiovascular diseases are blamed for casualties in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Customarily, dyslipidemia is probably the most prevalent underlying cause of untimely demise in people suffering from RA as it hastens the expansion of atherosclerosis. The engagement of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), etc., is crucial in the progression and proliferation of both RA and abnormal lipid parameters. Thus, lipid abnormalities should be monitored frequently in patients with both primary and advanced RA stages. An advanced lipid profile examination, i.e., direct role of apolipoproteins associated with various lipid molecules is a more dependable approach for better understanding of the disease and selecting suitable therapeutic targets. Therefore, studying their apolipoproteins is more relevant than assessing RA patients' altered lipid profile levels. Among the various apolipoprotein classes, Apo A1 and Apo B are primarily being focused. In addition, it also addresses how calculating Apo B:Apo A1 ratio can aid in analyzing the disease's risk. The marketed therapies available to control lipid abnormalities are associated with many other risk factors. Hence, directly targeting Apo A1 and Apo B would provide a better and safer option.

Non-Interventional Weight Changes Are Associated with Alterations in Lipid Profiles and in the Triglyceride-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio.

Obesity is associated with dyslipidemia, and weight loss can improve obese patients' lipid profile. Here, we assessed whether non-interventional weight changes are associated with alterations in lipid profile, particularly the triglyceride (TG)-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (TG/HDL-C). In this retrospective analysis of subjects referred to medical screening, body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TG, and HDL-C levels were measured annually. Patients were divided according to BMI changes between visits. The primary outcomes were the changes in LDL-C, TG, HDL-C, and the TG/HDL-C ratio between visits. The final analysis included 18,828 subjects. During the year of follow-up, 9.3% of the study population lost more than 5% of their weight and 9.2% gained more than 5% of their weight. The effect of weight changes on TG and on the TG/HDL-C ratio was remarkable. Patients with greater BMI increases showed greater increases in their TG/HDL-C ratio, and conversely, a decreased BMI level had lower TG/HDL-C ratios. This is true even for moderate changes of more than 2.5% in BMI. Non-interventional weight changes, even modest ones, are associated with significant alterations in the lipid profile. Understanding that modest, non-interventional weight changes are associated with alterations in the TG/HDL-C ratio may aid in better risk stratification and primary prevention of CV morbidity and mortality.

Protective effects of carvacrol on lipid profiles, oxidative stress, hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction - A comprehensive review.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a class of illnesses that affect the heart or blood vessels, leading to the most common causes of death worldwide. In 2017, CVD caused approximately 17.8 million deaths that were increased approximately to 20.5 million deaths in 2021, globally. Also, nearly 80% of worldwide CVD deaths occur in some countries. Some herbs and their constituents due to their several pharmacological activities have been used for medicinal purposes. Carvacrol is a phenolic mono-terpenoid found in the oils of aromatic herbs with several biological properties. The possible therapeutic effects of carvacrol on lipid profiles, oxidative stress, hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction were summarized in the current study. The data from this review article were obtained by searching the terms including; "Carvacrol", "Hypertension", Hypotensive, "Cardiac dysfunction", "Ischemia", "Lipid profile", and Oxidative stress in several web databases such as Web of Sciences, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar, until November 2023. The results of the reviewed studies revealed that carvacrol inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and alters lipid profiles, reducing heart rate as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Carvacrol also decreased the proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β), while increasing secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Moreover, carvacrol improved oxidative stress and mitigated the number of apoptotic cells. The pharmacological effects of carvacrol on CVD might be through its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. The mentioned therapeutic effects of carvacrol on lipid profile, hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction indicate the possible remedy effect of carvacrol for the treatment of CVD.

Body mass index and altered lipid profile as major risk markers for breast cancer progression: a cross-sectional study of postmenopausal women in Pakistan

BackgroundIn Pakistan, the death rate for post-menopausal women with breast cancer is significant due to late detection and delayed referral to proper facilities. There are a few reports on Pakistan’s epidemiology and breast cancer risk factors. There are modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with the development of breast carcinoma; of which body mass index (BMI), central obesity, and lipid profile are considered as major risk markers.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional analytical study. A total of 384 women constituted the present study sample. Purposive sampling was used to collect 192 confirmed new breast cancer cases throughout the study. By using basic random sampling, an equal number of controls were chosen. Studied parameters included age, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, serum high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. The inclusion criteria of this study were post-menopausal women (45–65 years) in Pakistan. The confirmation of breast carcinoma was done through histopathology. Breast cancer occurrence was taken as a dependent variable, whereas BMI, central obesity, and lipid profile were taken as independent variables.ResultsStudied risk factors (cholesterol, BMI, and central obesity) significantly correlated with breast cancer. Cholesterol has a significantly high positive correlation (0.646) with breast cancer. BMI has a positive significant correlation (0.491) with breast cancer, and central obesity has a low but positive significant correlation (0.266) with breast cancer. Moreover, the binary logistic regression model also showed a significant association between biochemical factors and breast cancer occurrence. Regression analysis depicted a linear relationship between a dependent variable (breast cancer occurrence) and independent variables (central obesity, cholesterol, BMI).ConclusionPostmenopausal overweight (central obesity), increased BMI and high cholesterol levels are major risk factors for breast cancer. Moreover, high total cholesterol proved to be the most significant risk marker for the occurrence of breast cancer in post-menopausal women of Pakistan.

Clinical Studies on Diabetic and Non- Diabetic Patients with Respect to Lipid Profile Test

Introduction; Dyslipidemia is one of the major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and plays an important role in the progress of atherosclerosis. The prevalence of Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes is double with respect to the general population. These are more complex abnormalities that are caused by the interrelation among obesity, insulin resistance and hyper insulin. It is worth to emphasize that the fatty tissue is exclusively related to risk factors, such as the altered insulin and lipid profile, which can contribute to the development of the insulin resistance syndrome, which comprises several risk factors for the emergence of cardiovascular complications. In patients with type 2 diabetes, which is equivalent most commonly characterized by elevated TG and reduced HDL-C. These abnormalities can be present alone or in combination with other metabolic disorders. Material and Method : This project was conducted by the department of Biochemistry at Asian Diagnostic lab from two month period of time on 300 patients belongs Bangalore urban district (kalasipalya) were Selected. Blood glucose, lipid profile, kidney function and liver function estimation was done by Uv test of Enzymatic reference method. COBASc311 ANALYSE Roche/Hitachi Cobas c 311 analyzer is an automated software controlled system for clinical chemistry analysis both qualitative and quantitative analysis determination

Olanzapine, but not haloperidol, exerts pronounced acute metabolic effects in the methylazoxymethanol rat model.

Widely used second-generation antipsychotics are associated with adverse metabolic effects, contributing to increased cardiovascular mortality. To develop strategies to prevent or treat adverse metabolic effects, preclinical models have a clear role in uncovering underlying molecular mechanisms. However, with few exceptions, preclinical studies have been performed in healthy animals, neglecting the contribution of dysmetabolic features inherent to psychotic disorders. In this study, methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) was prenatally administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at gestational day 17 to induce a well-validated neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia mimicking its assumed pathogenesis with persistent phenotype. Against this background, the dysmetabolic effects of acute treatment with olanzapine and haloperidol were examined in female rats. Prenatally MAM-exposed animals exhibited several metabolic features, including lipid disturbances. Half of the MAM rats exposed to olanzapine had pronounced serum lipid profile alteration compared to non-MAM controls, interpreted as a reflection of a delicate MAM-induced metabolic balance disrupted by olanzapine. In accordance with the drugs' clinical metabolic profiles, olanzapine-associated dysmetabolic effects were more pronounced than haloperidol-associated dysmetabolic effects in non-MAM rats and rats exposed to MAM. Our results demonstrate metabolic vulnerability in female prenatally MAM-exposed rats, indicating that findings from healthy animals likely provide an underestimated impression of metabolic dysfunction associated with antipsychotics. In the context of metabolic disturbances, neurodevelopmental models possess a relevant background, and the search for adequate animal models should receive more attention within the field of experimental psychopharmacology.

Evidence for alterations in lipid profiles and biophysical properties of lipid rafts from spinal cord in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem whose etiopathogenesis remains unclear. Recent studies have linked major neurodegenerative diseases with altered function of multimolecular lipid-protein complexes named lipid rafts. In the present study, we have isolated lipid rafts from the anterior horn of the spinal cords of controls and ALS individuals and analysed their lipid composition. We found that ALS affects levels of different fatty acids, lipid classes and related ratios and indexes. The most significant changes affected the contents of n-9/n-7 monounsaturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid, the main n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA), which were higher in ALS lipid rafts. Paralleling these findings, ALS lipid rafts lower saturates-to-unsaturates ratio compared to controls. Further, levels of cholesteryl ester (SE) and anionic-to-zwitterionic phospholipids ratio were augmented in ALS lipid rafts, while sulfatide contents were reduced. Further, regression analyses revealed augmented SE esterification to (mono)unsaturated fatty acids in ALS, but to saturates in controls. Overall, these changes indicate that lipid rafts from ALS spinal cord undergo destabilization of the lipid structure, which might impact their biophysical properties, likely leading to more fluid membranes. Indeed, estimations of membrane microviscosity confirmed less viscous membranes in ALS, as well as more mobile yet smaller lipid rafts compared to surrounding membranes. Overall, these results demonstrate that the changes in ALS lipid rafts are unrelated to oxidative stress, but to anomalies in lipid metabolism and/or lipid raft membrane biogenesis in motor neurons.Key messagesThe lipid matrix of multimolecular membrane complexes named lipid rafts are altered in human spinal cord in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Lipid rafts from ALS spinal cord contain higher levels of n-6 LCPUFA (but not n-3 LCPUFA), n-7/n-9 monounsaturates and lower saturates-to-unsaturates ratio.ALS lipid rafts display increased contents of cholesteryl esters, anomalous anionic-to-zwitterionic phospholipids and phospholipid remodelling and reduced sulphated and total sphingolipid levels, compared to control lipid rafts.Destabilization of the lipid structure of lipid raft affects their biophysical properties and leads to more fluid, less viscous membrane microdomains.The changes in ALS lipid rafts are unlikely related to increased oxidative stress, but to anomalies in lipid metabolism and/or raft membrane biogenesis in motor neurons.

Combined of plasma-activated water and dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric cold plasma treatment improves the characteristic flavor of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) through facilitating lipid oxidation

To explore the combination effects of plasma-activated water and dielectric barrier discharge (PAW-DBD) cold plasma treatment on the formation of volatile flavor and lipid oxidation in Asian sea bass (ASB), the volatile flavor compounds and lipid profiles were characterized by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and LC-MS-based lipidomics analyses. In total, 38 volatile flavor compound types were identified, and the PAW-DBD group showed the most kinds of volatile components with a significant (p < 0.05) higher content in aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols. A total of 1500 lipids was detected in lipidomics analysis, phosphatidylcholine was the most followed by triglyceride. The total saturated fatty acids content in PAW-DBD group increased by 105.02 μg/g, while the total content of unsaturated fatty acids decreased by 275.36 μg/g. It can be concluded that the PAW-DBD processing increased both the types and amounts of the volatile flavor in ASB and promoted lipid oxidation by altering lipid profiles.

Biological sex-related differences in the postprandial triglyceride response to intermittent hypoxaemia in young adults: a randomized crossover trial.

Obstructive sleep apnoea is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxaemia and is independently associated with an increased risk of metabolic comorbidities (e.g. type II diabetes and ischaemic heart disease). These comorbidities could be attributable to hypoxaemia-induced alterations in blood lipid profiles. However, it remains unclear whether intermittent hypoxaemia alters triglyceridaemia differently between biological sexes. Therefore, we used a randomized crossover design to examine whether 6h of moderate intermittent hypoxaemia (15hypoxaemic cycles/h, 85% oxyhaemoglobin saturation) alters plasma triglyceride levels differently between men and women after a high-fat meal. Relative to men, women displayed lower levels of total triglycerides, in addition to denser triglyceride-rich lipoprotein triglycerides (TRL-TG; mainly very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides and chylomicron remnant triglycerides) and buoyant TRL-TG (mainly chylomicron triglycerides) during normoxia (ambient air) and intermittent hypoxaemia (sex × time: all P ≤ 0.008). Intermittent hypoxaemia led to higher triglyceride levels (condition: all P ≤ 0.016); however, this effect was observed only in men (sex × condition: all P ≤ 0.002). Compared with normoxia, glucose levels were higher in men and lower in women during intermittent hypoxaemia (sex × condition: P<0.001). The different postprandial responses between biological sexes occurred despite similar reductions in mean oxyhaemoglobin saturation and similar elevations in insulin levels, non-esterified fatty acid levels and mean heart rate (sex × condition: all P ≥ 0.185). These results support growing evidence showing that intermittent hypoxaemia impacts men and women differently, and they might help to explain biological sex-related discrepancies in the rate of certain comorbidities associated with intermittent hypoxaemia. KEY POINTS: Intermittent hypoxaemia is a key characteristic of obstructive sleep apnoea and alters lipid metabolism in multiple tissues, resulting in increased circulating triglyceride levels, an important risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Circulating triglyceride levels are regulated differently between biological sexes, with women typically displaying much lower fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels than men, partly explaining why women of all ages experience lower mortality rates from cardiometabolic diseases. In this study, healthy young men and women consumed a high-fat meal and were then exposed to 6h of intermittent hypoxaemia or ambient air. We show that postprandial triglyceride levels are significantly lower in women compared with men and that intermittent hypoxaemia leads to higher postprandial triglyceride levels in men only. These results might help us to understand better why women living with obstructive sleep apnoea experience lower rates of cardiometabolic diseases (e.g. type II diabetes and ischaemic heart disease) than men living with obstructive sleep apnoea.

Alterations in Plasma Lipid Profiles Associated with Melanoma and Therapy Resistance.

Dysfunctions of lipid metabolism are associated with tumor progression and treatment resistance of cutaneous melanoma. BRAF/MEK inhibitor resistance is linked to alterations of melanoma lipid pathways. We evaluated whether a specific lipid pattern characterizes plasma from melanoma patients and their response to therapy. Plasma samples from patients and controls were analyzed for FASN and DHCR24 levels and lipidomic profiles. FASN and DHCR24 expression resulted in association with disease condition and related to plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in patients at different disease stages (n = 144) as compared to controls (n = 115). Untargeted lipidomics in plasma (n = 40) from advanced disease patients and controls revealed altered levels of different lipids, including fatty acid derivatives and sphingolipids. Targeted lipidomics identified higher levels of dihydroceramides, ceramides, sphingomyelins, ganglioside GM3, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and dihydrosphingosine, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. When melanoma patients were stratified based on a long/short-term clinical response to kinase inhibitors, differences in plasma levels were shown for saturated fatty acids (FA 16:0, FA18:0) and oleic acid (FA18:1). Our results associated altered levels of selected lipid species in plasma of melanoma patients with a more favorable prognosis. Although obtained in a small cohort, these results pave the way to lipidomic profiling for melanoma patient stratification.

Associations of gut microbiota alterations with clinical, metabolic, and immune-inflammatory characteristics of chronic schizophrenia

The present study had the following aims: 1) to compare gut microbiota composition in patients with schizophrenia and controls and 2) to investigate the association of differentially abundant bacterial taxa with markers of inflammation, intestinal permeability, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis as well as clinical manifestation. A total of 115 patients with schizophrenia during remission of positive and disorganization symptoms, and 119 controls were enrolled. Altogether, 32 peripheral blood markers were assessed. A higher abundance of Eisenbergiella, Family XIII AD3011 group, Eggerthella, Hungatella, Lactobacillus, Olsenella, Coprobacillus, Methanobrevibacter, Ligilactobacillus, Eubacterium fissicatena group, and Clostridium innocuum group in patients with schizophrenia was found. The abundance of Paraprevotella and Bacteroides was decreased in patients with schizophrenia. Differentially abundant genera were associated with altered levels of immune-inflammatory markers, zonulin, lipid profile components, and insulin resistance. Moreover, several correlations of differentially abundant genera with cognitive impairment, higher severity of negative symptoms, and worse social functioning were observed. The association of Methanobrevibacter abundance with the level of negative symptoms, cognition, and social functioning appeared to be mediated by the levels of interleukin-6 and RANTES. In turn, the association of Hungatella with the performance of attention was mediated by the levels of zonulin. The findings indicate that compositional alterations of gut microbiota observed in patients with schizophrenia correspond with clinical manifestation, intestinal permeability, subclinical inflammation, lipid profile alterations, and impaired glucose homeostasis. Subclinical inflammation and impaired gut permeability might mediate the association of gut microbiota alterations with psychopathological symptoms and cognitive impairment.

Pseudo-targeted lipidomics insights into lipid discrepancies between yak colostrum and mature milk based on UHPLC-Qtrap-MS

Yak milk is essential to maintain the normal physiological functions of herders in Tibetan areas of China. However, the lipid components of yak colostrum (YC) and mature milk (YM) have not been systematically studied. We employed a quantitative lipidomics to comprehensively describe the alterations in the milk lipid profile of lactating yaks. Herein, totally 851 lipids from 28 lipid subclasses in YC and YM were identified and screened for 43 significantly different lipids (SDLs; variable importance in projection > 1, fold change < 0.5 or > 2 with P < 0.05), with cholesterol ester (CE, 16:0) and triacylglycerol (TAG, 54:6 (20:5), 50:1 (16:0), 56:6 (20:5)) were the potential lipid biomarkers. Fourteen SDLs were modulated downwards, and 29 SDLs were modulated upwards in YM. Moreover, by analyzing lipid metabolic pathways in these SDLs, glycerophospholipid metabolism was the most critical. Our results furnish integral lipid details for evaluating yak milk’s nutritional quality.

Rumen-protected methionine supplementation alters lipid profile of preimplantation embryo and endometrial tissue of Holstein cows.

Our objective is to evaluate the effects of feeding rumen-protected Met (RPM) throughout the transition period and early lactation on the lipid profile of the preimplantation embryos and the endometrial tissue of Holstein cows. Treatments consisted of feeding a total mixed ration with top-dressed RPM (Smartamine® M, Adisseo, Alpharetta, GA, United States; MET; n = 11; RPM at a rate of 0.08% of DM: Lys:Met = 2.8:1) or not (CON; n = 9, Lys:Met = 3.5:1). Endometrial biopsies were performed at 15, 30, and 73 days in milk (DIM). Prior to the endometrial biopsy at 73 DIM, preimplantation embryos were harvested via flushing. Endometrial lipid profiles were analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring-profiling and lipid profiles of embryos were acquired using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Relative intensities levels were used for principal component analysis. Embryos from cows in MET had greater concentration of polyunsaturated lipids than embryos from cows in CON. The endometrial tissue samples from cows in MET had lesser concentrations of unsaturated and monounsaturated lipids at 15 DIM, and greater concentration of saturated, unsaturated (specifically diacylglycerol), and monounsaturated (primarily ceramides) lipids at 30 DIM than the endometrial tissue samples from cows in CON. In conclusion, feeding RPM during the transition period and early lactation altered specific lipid classes and lipid unsaturation level of preimplantation embryos and endometrial tissue.

Quality of life, stress, anxiety and depression and associated factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Western region Saudi Arabia.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of life (QoL), depression, anxiety, and stress, along with associated factors among individuals with diabetes in Saudi Arabia. This survey was conducted at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The assessment of depression, anxiety, and stress related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) was conducted using the DASS-21 questionnaire, while diabetes-related QoL was evaluated using the revised version of the diabetes QoL questionnaire (RV-DQoL13). Data were analyzed using SPSS-26. A total of 251 subjects were included in the study (165 [65.7%] males and 86 [34.3%] females, mean age 50.1 ± 14.5 years). The individuals with DM had a mean value of QoL of 29.16 ± 9.23, with 46.9% having poor QoL. Furthermore, in dimensions of QoL, almost half of the individuals reported high worry about the disease (49.6%), followed by a high diabetes impact (46.6%) and low life satisfaction (42.9%). The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 49.4, 71.7, and 49.8%, respectively. A significant correlation was found between depression, anxiety, and stress and DASS-21 scores with QoL (p < 0.001). The regression analysis indicated an association of distinct factors with QoL like age above 41 years (p = 0.004), being married (p < 0.001), being divorced (p = 0.04), higher education (p = 0.007), regular medicine intake (p = 0.01), regular exercise (p = 0.03), lipid profile (p = 0.01), HbA1c (p < 0.001), and DASS-21 scores (p < 0.001). Poor QoL score (TQoL score > 27) was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress (p < 0.001). The participants with higher monthly income, shorter disease duration, regular medicine use, and altered lipid profile, and older subjects had a lower chance of depression, anxiety, and stress. Approximately half of individuals with T2DM experienced poor QoL, while the prevalence rates for depression, anxiety, and stress were 49.4, 71.7, and 49.8%, respectively. Scores in the domains of impact, worry, and satisfaction were below optimal levels. Several factors were linked to QoL and depression, anxiety, and stress, and an association was observed between DASS-21 scores and QoL.

The combinatorial treatment with Kaempferol and β-sitosterol attenuates the hematological and lipid profile alterations induced by cisplatin in rats.

The combinatorial treatment with Kaempferol and β-sitosterol attenuates the hematological and lipid profile alterations induced by cisplatin in rats.

Bioactive constituents of n-butanol subfractions of Adansonia digitata and Corchorus olitorius against gamma-irradiation-induced hepatic damage, lipid profile and antioxidant alterations in rats

Rats’ exposure to radiation led to an increased free radical from sub-toxic (24 µg/mol) to toxic concentration (120 µg/mol) in the system of rats. Free radical level exacerbate oxidative stress, thus, leading to hepatic damage, lipid profile and antioxidant alterations.This study investigated the effects of the bioactive constituent of n-butanol subfractions (subf) 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Adansonia digitata (A. digitata) and 1, 2 and 3 of Corchorus olitorius (C. olitorius) leaves on irradiation-induced hepatic damage, lipid profile and antioxidant alterations in system of Rats.A total of 54 rats (198 ± 5.00 g) were distributed into 9 groups of 6 each. Group I were fed with rat chow and distilled water only, all other groups were exposed to a single dose of 6 grey gamma irradiation, such that groups II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX were administered distilled water only, 1000 mg/kg body weight subfractions 1, 2, 3 and 4 of A. digitata, subfraction 1, 2 and 3 of C. olitorius respectively for 7 days.HPLC fingerprinting of the bioactive constituents of the subf of A. digitata and C. olitorius revealed the presence of catechin, eleagnin, quercetin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, luteolin, astragalin, tocopherol, quercetin and catechin respectively. Irradiation significantly (p<0.05) increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) in the control group (negative) when compared with other groups, but the administration of the subfr of both plants significantly(p<0.05) reduced the activities of the trio. The concentrations of the antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the control group, when compared with other groups, but administration of the subf of both plants significantly (p<0.05) increased their concentrations, similar trend were observed in the lipid profile as observed in the antioxidant system. It can be concluded that n-butanol subf 1, 2, 3 and 4 of A. digitata and 1, 2 and 3 of C. olitorius contained the most effective bioactive constituents responsible for the attenuations of all the alteration.

Body mass index-dependent association between cholesteryl ester transfer protein variants and atherometabolic risk factors in gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with metabolic abnormalities such as an altered serum lipid profile. This study investigated the influence of polymorphisms in the lipid metabolism-related cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene (CETP) on the metabolic parameters of pregnant women with GDM. Methods This prospective case-control study included 665 women with GDM and 1,044 women with uncomplicated pregnancies. The PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to genotype rs708272 and rs1800775 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Lipid and glucose metabolic parameters were assessed. Genetic associations with related traits were analyzed. Results Genotype distributions of rs708272 and rs1800775 in patients with GDM were similar to those in normal controls. However, the two CETP SNPs were associated with altered plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations in patients with GDM and in control pregnant women. Additional subgroup analysis demonstrated that the rs708272 polymorphism was associated with variations in triglyceride (TGs), TC, LDL-C, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels in patients with overweight or obesity GDM, whereas both polymorphisms were associated with glucose metabolic traits (plasma insulin, glucose, or insulin) and the insulin resistance index in patients with GDM without obesity. Conclusions In patients with GDM, the rs708272 polymorphism was associated with atherogenic lipid levels (TG, TC, LDL-C, and ApoB), whereas the rs708272 and rs1800775 polymorphisms were associated with glucose metabolism and insulin resistance parameters, which were influenced by the body mass index. These results suggest that genetic associations with atherogenic metabolic factors may increase the risk of adverse outcomes in mothers with GDM and their offspring.

Histopathology Features of H. pylori Gastritis Associated With Altered Lipid Profile: An Observational Study from a Tertiary Healthcare Center in North West Romania.

H. pylori infection can promote a systemic inflammatory syndrome, eventually leading to intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible association between dyslipidemia and histopathological features of H. pylori gastritis. An observational, retrospective study was conducted over the period 2017-2022 on symptomatic patients with a positive rapid urease test. A total of 121 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with stomach biopsy were enrolled in this study. Based on the updated Sydney System, we investigated the association between neutrophils, mononuclear cells, intestinal metaplasia, or gastric atrophy and altered lipid profiles. A high prevalence of H. pylori infection was noticed in the studied group upon the application of the rapid urease test, being associated with dyslipidemia regardless of patient sex. All the endoscopic diagnoses (acute, chronic, or atrophic chronic gastritis, metaplasia) correlated with the histopathological features. Mononuclear cells and metaplasia were more likely to be found in H. pylori-positive patients with dyslipidemia, which is consistent with acute and chronic inflammation caused by H. pylori in the gastric mucosa. Although our study was conducted on a small scale, it offers new insights and details regarding H. pylori infection and histopathological features. Mononuclear cells and metaplasia were associated with an altered lipid profile in H. pylori-positive patients. These findings warrant future investigation, such as the evolution of gastric biopsies and lipid profiles before and after eradication.

Vitamin D levels and lipid profile in children and adolescents: a tight correlation.

Vitamin D is an essential hormone for humans, playing an important role in musculoskeletal and calcium homeostasis. Its deficiency/insufficiency seems to contribute to the development of cardiometabolic diseases in adults: this correlation appears less clear for children and adolescents. The aim of this paper was to review literature data on the relationship between vitamin D and lipid profile alterations in pediatric population. We carried out a comprehensive research in electronic databases, including MEDLINE and PubMed up to December 2022, for cross-sectional or prospective studies that investigated the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and lipid profile in children and adolescents. At the end of the process, 37 articles were included in this review. According to our findings, vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is strongly associated with lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and higher levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol. Data about low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol are inconsistent. The potential role of vitamin D supplements for the prevention of cardiometabolic disease currently remains a speculation. An increasing number of studies shows how hypovitaminosis D in the pediatric age may play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders and lipid profile alterations. Data regarding the potential role of vitamin D supplements for the prevention of cardiometabolic disease are currently controversial. Further studies are needed to evaluate the causality of this association and to assess the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms.