Alterations In Hematological Parameters Research Articles

TBT 노출에 따른 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus의 혈액학적 성상 및 혈장성분의 변화

Juvenile Paralichthys olivaceus (mean length , mean weight ) were exposed for 10 days to tributyltin (TBT) at various concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4 and ). Hematological parameters, such as red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, were considerably decreased by high TBT concentrations. In plasma constituents, inorganic components such calcium and magnesium were also significantly altered. Plasma calcium was notably decreased, whereas plasma magnesium was increased. The enzyme components, glutamic oxalate transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), were significantly decreased by TBT exposure. The present findings suggest that TBT exposure can cause significant alterations in hematological parameters and plasma constituents of flatfish Paralichthys olivaceus.

A new ursane triterpenoic acid and other potential anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic constituents from EtOAc extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark

ObjectiveVitellaria paradoxa (shea tree) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments, including, inflammation and fever. Therefore the present research investigates the anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects of V. paradoxa stem bark extracts in rats and the isolation and characterization of its active constituents. MethodsThe anti-inflammatory activity of ethyl acetate extract of V. Paradoxa (VPEE) was evaluated by use of the carrageenan-induced paw oedema model in rats. Moreover, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was induced by injection of Freund's Completed Adjuvant (FCA) into the subplantar surface of the hind paw of the male Wistar rats. Paw volume was measured plethysmometrically. Joint swelling was measured using electronic vernier caliper. Hot plate test was used to assess the effect of VPEE on hyperalgesia while open field was used to assess the locomotors activity. The relative weight of spleen, liver and thymus was obtained as well as some haematological parameters. Tibiotarsal joint was extracted for histopathology under light microscope. Chemical analysis was carried out by high resolution mass spectrometry and one and two-dimensional NMR techniques. ResultsLC–MS analysis of the EtOAc extract revealed the presence of a new triterpenoid and several known compounds. The structure of the novel compound was elucidated by means of LC–MS and selected 1D and 2D-NMR experiments. The biological effects of ethyl acetate (VPEE), methanol (VPME) and water extracts (VPAE) of V. paradoxa were tested on carrageenan model of acute inflammation and FCA-induced rheumatoid arthritis animal model. In the carrageenan-induced inflammation, VPEE (150mg/kg) significant (66.67%) inhibited the first (after 1h) and the second phase (4–6h) of edema formation. On the Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis, VPEE at the same dose showed a significantly protective effect. On days 19–28th of treatment, the maximum inflammatory percentage was between 9.60 and 8.91% for the VPEE compared to 30.91–24.29% for the controls. All the extracts significantly reduced the score of arthritis but the maximal reduction was obtained with the VPEE on day 24th of the experimentation. The altered haematological parameters in the arthritic rats were significantly recovered to near normal by the treatment with VPEE at the dose of 150mg/kg. Further histological studies revealed the anti-arthritic activity by preventing cartilage destruction of the arthritic joints of adjuvant arthritic rats. The spleen hypertrophy induced by the FCA was also significantly inhibited. ConclusionThese findings provide pharmacological basis for the application of the VPEE in inflammatory disorders.

Assessment of the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-tumor activity of the alcoholic stem bark extract/fractions of Mimusops elengi Linn.

Various parts of Mimusops elengi Linn. (Sapotaceae) have been used widely in traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of pain, inflammation and wounds. The study was conducted to explore the use of stem bark of M. elengi on pharmacological grounds and to evaluate the scientific basis of cytotoxic and anti-tumor activity. Extract/fractions were prepared and in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using SRB assay. Most effective fractions were subjected to fluorescence microscopy based acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and Hoechst 33342 staining to determine apoptosis induction and DNA fragmentation assay. Comet and micronuclei assay were performed to assess genotoxicity. Cell cycle analysis was also performed. In vivo anti-tumor potential was evaluated by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) model in mice. The alcoholic stem bark extract of M. elengi along with four fractions showed potential in vitro cytotoxicity in SRB assay. Of these, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions were selected for further studies. The fractions revealed apoptosis inducing potential in AO/EB and Hoechst 33342 staining, which was further confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay. Genotoxic potential was revealed by comet and micronuclei assay. Fractions also exhibited specific cell cycle inhibition in G0/G1 phase. In EAC model, ethyl acetate fraction along with the standard (cisplatin) effectively reduced the increase in body weight compared to control and improved mean survival time. Both fractions were able to restore the altered hematological and biochemical parameters. Hence, M. elengi stem bark may be a possible therapeutic candidate having cytotoxic and anti-tumor potential.

Changes in hematological profile of male albino rats after acephate administration

The present study was designed to evaluate the possible adverse effects of acephate, an organophosphate insecticide, on hematological parameters in male albino rats. Acephate was administered orally to rats at either 25, 50, or 75 mg/kg bwt/day for 30 days. Data showed a significant decrease in total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit value; however, an increase in total leukocyte count was noted. The levels of blood sugar and blood urea were significantly elevated when administered by acephate. There were no significant changes in mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration for all doses. Thus, obtained results collectively revealed that acephate administration produced significant alterations in hematological parameters in dose-dependent manner.

Evaluation of anti-arthritic activity of Caesalpinia pulcherrima in freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritic rat model

Objective: To investigate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (ECP) in adjuvant arthritic (AA) rat model induced by Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA). Methods: Thirty healthy albino rats were selected and randomly divided into five groups. Arthritis was induced by Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) and then treated with ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima for 28 days. The various parameters like paw volume, haematological parameters (RBC, WBC, Hb and ESR), and radiological studies were assessed. Results: In FCA induced arthritic rats, there was significant increase in rat paw volume whereas both doses of ECP treated groups showed strong significant reduction in paw volume. The altered haematological parameters in the arthritic rats were significantly recovered to near normal by the treatment with ECP at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Further radiological studies revealed the anti-arthritic activity of ECP by preventing cartilage and bone destruction of the arthritic joints of AA rats. Conclusion: ECP has shown anti-arthritic activity with a significant decrease in paw volume and it could significantly normalize the haematological abnormalities in adjuvant induced arthritic rats. Further radiological studies confirmed the anti-arthritic activity of ECP. Key words: Caesalpinia pulcherrima , Arthritis, Freund’s complete adjuvant, Haematological, Paw volume.

A p-menth-1-ene-4,7-diol (EC-1) from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dhnh. triggers apoptosis and cell cycle changes in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.

Anticancer activities of p-menth-1-ene-4,7-diol (EC-1) isolated from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dhnh. were studied on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Anticancer activities also analyzed in EAC-bearing mice by assessment of cancer growth inhibition, changes in cancer volume, changes in life span, and hematological parameters. Apoptosis was analyzed by fluorescence microscope, DNA fragmentation assay, and flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related genes, Bcl-2, Bcl-X, PARP-1, p53, and Bax, were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). EC-1 significantly inhibited proliferation of EAC cells in vivo and restored the altered hematological parameters of EAC-bearing mice. Cytological observation by fluorescence microscope showed apoptosis of EAC cells upon treatment with EC-1. Also, DNA fragmentation assay revealed EAC cells' apoptosis following EC-1 treatment. Increased mRNA expressions of p53 and Bax genes and negative expressions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X were observed in cells treated with EC-1. These findings confirmed the induction of apoptosis by EC-1. In addition, MTT assay showed dose-dependent anticancer activity of EC-1 against EAC cell. Cell cycle analysis revealed that EC-1 treatment caused suppression of EAC cells at S phase. To conclude, EC-1 is a novel anticancer compound and showed antiproliferative and apoptotic activities in cellular and mice models.

Neurobehavioral Alterations and Brain Creatine Kinase System Changes in Chronic Renal Failure Induced Male Wistar Rats: Impact of Erythropoietin Supplementation

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a rapidly growing global health problem and it causes anaemia and cognitive impairment. Recombinant Human erythropoietin (rHu-Epo) has been a promising role in the management of anaemia in CRF subjects and it is well documented. It also shown as a remarkable neuroprotection in both cell cultures and in animal models. Creatine kinase (CK) plays a key role in energy metabolism and its activity found in cytoplasm of several human tissues; major sources of CK include skeletal muscle, myocardium and brain. Studies show brain energy metabolism is key to neuronal cell function and cognitive health. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of rHu-Epo on CRF induced changes in CK system in serum and brain regions of experimental animals and to test its significance in neurobehavioral changes. Experimental design is divided into two phases to find out the variation between simultaneous and post rHu-Epo Treatment in CRF induced male wistar rats. At the end of 40 days, animals were sacrificed uniformly. In both phases, CK level in serum and selected brain regions such as cerebellum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus were determined by spectrophotometric method and hematological parameters (RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC) were also determined. In results, decreased creatine kinase activity in brain regions and its increased level in serum observed in CRF induced animals. Neurobehavioral changes and alterations in hematological parameters were also seen in CRF induced animals. Supplementation of rHu-Epo in both simultaneous and post treatment group reversed the CRF induced changes including neurobehavioral alterations, significantly. In this study, the protective role of Epo supplementation on CRF induced changes in CK system in both brain and serum and its correlation with neurobehavioral changes were seen along with its antianemic effect.

Preoperative Peripheral Blood Count in Breast Carcinoma: Predictor of Prognosis or a Routine Test.

Background. Peripheral blood count is the first investigation to be done in every patient before surgery. As strong relationship exists between cancer and immune response of the body, clinical stage at presentation and altered hematological parameters can influence the progression of cancer and vice versa. Settings and Design. It is a case control study of total 50 cases (35 cases of carcinoma breast and 15 cases of benign breast disease). Methods. A case control study was carried out; 35 cases of breast cancer patients were taken prior to surgery and chemotherapy with 15 cases of benign breast disease as control. Clinical staging according to the tumor, node, and metastasis classification (TNMc) was done and was correlated with complete blood count (CBC). Results. All the cancer patients were females with overall mean age of 47.96 ± 13.84 years. Amongst all altered blood parameters, correlation of absolute lymphocytic count (p value 0.001) with TNMc staging was found significant. Particularly, decrease in absolute leucocytic count was observed with increase in stage of breast carcinoma. Conclusions. The stage-specific mean values of absolute lymphocytic counts of preoperative breast cancer patients can be used as an economical tool to know the evolution of disease.

In vivo Studies on Antiarthritic Activity of Cissus quadrangularis against Adjuvant Induced Arthritis

Objective: Arthritis is a chronic crippling, skeletal and muscular disorder having quite similar symptoms as that of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for which currently there is no medicine available for permanent cure. Even modern drugs used for the amelioration of the symptoms, offer only temporary relief but produce severe side effects. In the indigenous system of medicine, Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) has been reported to be useful in the treatment of arthritis. However, no systematic study had been reported regarding its anti-arthritic activity. Hence, this work has been aimed at the scientific validation of its ethno-pharmacological claim about anti-arthritic efficacy. Methods: In the present study, anti-arthritic activity of AFCQ (Active Fraction of Cissus quadrangularis) obtained from acetone extract of Cissus quadrangularis has been reported by employing CFA (Complete Freund's Adjuvant) induced arthritis model in Wistar rats as an in vivo experimental model. Rat paw edema was induced by carrageenan and altered hematological and biochemical parameters were determined. Results: AFCQ at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight was found to be more efficient in inhibiting the rat paw edema as comparable to standard drugs celecoxib and methotrexate. The results had indicated that AFCQ possesses a significant anti-arthritic activity against CFA induced arthritis. Results were analyzed through histopathology and radiography. Conclusion: The results of above experiments revealed that AFCQ was more effective as anti-arthritic drug as compared to celecoxib and methotrexate, in CFA induced arthritic rats.

Phytochemical Constituents and Antiarthritic Activity ofEhretia laevisRoxb

Present experimental analysis showed that the stem bark, leaves and fruits of Ehretia laevis were potent sources of amino acids, proteins, lipids and minerals like Ca, Na, NH3, Mg, Fe, Mn, K, P, Zn, Cu and Si. Total phenolics (97.21 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) content in leaves, tannins (64.12 mg tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/g) in stem bark, flavonoids (57.23 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g) and vitamin C (56.09 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g) in fruits were found as the highest quantities trapped in the solvent methanol. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of the methanol extract of the stem bark, leaves and fruits showed the presence of acontanes, decanoic acids, phthalic acid, phytol, α and β amyrin, piperazine, phenylephrine, etc. The methanolic extract of the leaves was found to be an effective antiarthritic agent. In mice, E. laevis leaf methanol extract (500 mg/kg) inhibited the rise in paw volume by 56%, paw edema to 60%, and also helped maintain the body weight and regulated the altered hematological parameters. Practical Applications There are a few reports on the uses of different parts of Ehretia laevis as food, fodder and as herbal remedy for some health problems such as anthelmintic, astringent, diuretic, demulcent, expectorant, skin diseases and inflammations. The present study would scientifically validate the medicinal value of this potent plant. The phenolics and other phytochemicals present in this plant could prove it to be a potent diet. Chromatographic analysis of the phytochemicals and the antiarthritic study of the different parts of E. laevis will help to reveal their medicinal properties. It has been reported that the bark, leaves and fruits of this plant are edible, and this study will increase its value as a dietary supplement for humans as well as cattle, and could help in producing beneficial herbal products in the years to come.

Involvement of NFκB in the antirheumatic potential of Chenopodium album L., aerial parts extracts

Ethnopharmacological relevanceChenopodium album L. (C. album) is commonly known as Bathua in Hindi (Family: Chenopodiaceae). Traditionally, the plant is used as a laxative, diuretic, sedative and the infusion of the plant is used for the treatment of rheumatism. However, no scientific validation is available on the antirheumatic potential of the plant. In the present investigation, role of NF kappa B (NFκB) in the antiarthritic potential of extracts of aerial parts of Chenopodium album was explored and evaluated. MethodsThe defatted aerial parts of Chenopodium album were successively extracted with ethylacetate, acetone, methanol and 50% methanol to study their antioxidant capacity followed by antiarthritic potential using Complete Freund׳s adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model in rats. The polyphenol, flavonoid and flavanone contents of different extracts were quantified and correlated with their antioxidant capacity, antiarthritic activity and NFκB inhibition potential. ResultsThe experimental data indicated that the acetone extract of Chenopodium album (ACCA) has shown significant reduction in rat paw edema (80.13%) at dose level of 200mg/kg per oral in 21 days of this study. On 22nd day, hematological and biochemical parameters were estimated and it was observed that the altered hematological parameters (Hb, RBC, WBC and ESR), biochemical parameters (Serum creatinine, total proteins and acute phase proteins) and loss in body weight in the arthritic rats were significantly brought back to near normal level by the ACCA extract. ACCA extract significantly decreased the NFκB expression in paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus and this effect is comparable with standard indomethacine in CFA treated rats. The polyphenolic and flavonoid content of different extracts were in the range of 14.56±0.21–42.00±0.2mg (gallic acid equivalent/g extract) and 2.20±0.003–7.33±0.5mg (rutin equivalent/g extract) respectively. ConclusionThe antiarthritic activity possessed by ACCA extract can be correlated directly to its antioxidant potential, high flavonoidal content achieved by successive extraction and its capacity to inhibit the NFκB protein, as proven by immunohistochemistry study.

English

ABSTARCT: OBJECTIVE: Malarial infection is a major health problem in many parts of India. Several factors have been attributed to increased morbidity and mortality in malaria with altered hematological and hepatic parameters playing an important role. Our aim is to study the clinical, hematological and hepatic manifestations in patients with falciparum malaria. METHODS: This observational study was conducted from November 2012 to October 2013 at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Science and Research Hospital Bangalore. 75 patients of falciparum malaria confirmed by PS, MPQBC positive for Plasmodium falciparum or both falciparum and vivax were included in the study. All patients underwent detailed clinical history, thorough physical examination and investigated with hematological and hepatic parameters. This was followed by monitoring the outcome of the patients with respect to morbidity and mortality. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistical tools. RESULT: Of the 75 patients fever was present in all cases. Pallor (62%) was the most common sign followed by splenomegaly (58%) and icterus (48%). Anemia (60%) was the most common complication, followed by jaundice (44%), cerebral malaria (40%), ARF (25%), ARDS (12%). 12 patients had severe anemia (Hb% <6 gm %). Severe thrombocytopenia (<50, 000 mm 3 ) was seen in 5% of the patients. PT and APTT were increased in 23% and 12% of the cases respectively. 2 patients in the study expired. CONCLUSION: Clinical manifestations of plasmodium falciparum infection ranged from only fever to severe complications including cerebral malaria, acute renal failure, acute hemolytic crisis and hepatic dysfunction. Acute onset fever and splenomegaly were most common clinical manifestations found. Severe Anemia and jaundice are poor prognostic factor and has adverse outcome. Thrombocytopenia increased PT; aPTT does not have any correlation to mortality.

Assessment of hemato-biochemical parameters on exposure to low level of deltamethrin in mouse model

Aim: In this study, sub-acute toxicity of deltamethrin on hematological and biochemical blood parameters of male albino Swiss mice was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Generally, the maximum permissible residue level (MRL) of deltamethrin for food products lies between 0.01 to 0.5 mg/kg body weight. So the mice were exposed orally with two doses of pesticide i.e. 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg body weight. The doses were given on a daily basis for a period of 15 days and 30 days respectively. Ground nut oil was used as control treatment. Samples of blood were collected at the end of the treatment. Hepatotoxicity was evaluated by quantitative analysis of the serum enzymes alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), total bilirubin (TBIL) and serum urea. Alterations of hematological parameters were analysed by total leukocyte, differential leukocyte count and hemoglobin levels. Results: Significant increase in the levels of hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALKP) were observed for both doses, but no considerable differences were found by histological analysis. The hematological parameters showed significant alterations for 0.5 mg/kg body weight dose which is indicated by leukocytosis, lymphocytosis and neutropenia in long duration study. Conclusions: The results indicated that even very low dose of deltamethrin can promote hematological and hepatic alterations. Thus it is imperative to do further studies on the detrimental effect of the low levels of pyrethroid commonly present in our food, which further necessitate the reduction of maximum permissible levels of residual synthetic pyrethroid levels in foods and feed.

Changes in Hematological Parameters of Cichlasoma dimerus (Teleostei, Perciformes) Exposed to Sublethal Concentrations of 4-tert-Octylphenol

Stress response involves various physiological changes, including alteration in hematological parameters closely related to the response of fish to the environment. 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) is one of the worldwide-used surfactants and can pollute the aquatic environment, both marine and freshwater. Previous studies have already shown estrogenic effects of this compound in various wildlife species, e.g., it can disrupt the reproductive system of males organisms including fish. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects caused by sublethal concentrations of OP on hematological parameters as biomarkers to assess environmental stress. Adult males and females of Cichlasoma dimerus were exposed to waterborne OP during 60days under semistatic conditions. Experimental groups consisted of control (ethanol 0.005%), OP 150, and OP 300μg/L. OP caused hemodynamic stress in C. dimerus, which lead to normochromic and normocytic anemia, as well as erythrocytic pathologies such as a significant increase in erythroblasts and amitotic erythrocytes. All of the studied parameters can be used as biomarkers for the presence of xenobiotics in water.

Characterization of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Boletus edulis and its antitumor and immunomodulatory activities on renal cancer in mice

A polysaccharide (BEP, Mw=113,432Da) was purified from Boletus edulis, which had a backbone consisting of (1→6)-linked-α-d-glucopyranosyl, (1→2,6)-linked-α-d-galactopyranosyl, (1→6)-linked-α-d-galactopyranosyl, and (1→3)-linked-α-d-rhamnopyranosyl residues, which were branched at O-2 position of (1→2,6)-linked-α-d-galactopyranosyl residue with a single terminal (1→)-linked-α-l-arabinofuranosyl residue. After 32 days’ BEP administration to Renca tumor bearing mice, the tumor mass of Renca transplanted in mice was significantly repressed. Furthermore, BEP could significantly increase the spleen and thymus indices, stimulate splenocytes proliferation, augment NK cell and CTL activities in spleen, and promote the secretion of the cytokines IL-2 and TNF-α in Renca tumor bearing mice. Meanwhile oral administration of BEP (100 and 400mg/kg) restored all the altered hematological and biochemical parameters of tumor-bearing mice to normal levels. Thus, these data demonstrate that BEP possesses potential immunomodulatory activity and might be employed as effective therapeutic agents for the prevention of renal caner.

Evaluation of Antitumor and Antioxidant Potential of a Polyherbal Extract on Ehrlich’s Ascites Carcinoma Xenografted Mice

Objective: Indigenous herbs alone or in combination are widely used in Indian system of medicine to treat innumerable ailments since time immemorial. Many strategies has been adopted to enhance anticarcinogenic responses and to establish therapeutic benefits. Poly herbal extracts (PHE), one of the emerging trends of modern medicine, where the assorted active principles work vibrantly to produce a maximum therapeutic activity with minimal toxicity by virtue of its additive, potentative, synergistic, agonistic or antagonistic effects. Though, Withania somnifera, Oroxylum indicum and Calotropis gigentia are independently established as potent antineoplastic agents, their antitumor and antioxidant perspective in combination is yet to be studied. The proposed study ascertains the assorted antineoplastic and antioxidant potential of the said potent herbs in PHE.Method: The antitumor potency of the PHE at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight was screened on Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC) xenografted swiss albino mice. The in-vivo anti-oxidant activity was investigated on the basis of hepatic anti-oxidant enzymes’ levels.Result: The PHE at the aforementioned dose showed a restoring effect on altered hematological parameters (***P&lt; 0.05 considered to be significant), down turn in ascitic tumor volume and increase in mean survival time. A significant improvement in biochemical parameters (Enzymic antioxidants) was too observed.Conclusion:The study epitomizes the PHE (400 mg/kg body weight) as a potent anti tumor and anti-oxidant preparation with synergistic effects on EAC bearing mice.

Change in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) in Pregnancy and Puerperium in the Same Woman

Aims and Objective: Normal pregnancy involves many changes including alterations in hematologic parameters. Hematologic changes also involve change in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) during pregnancy. Therefore in the present study, the change in erythrocyte sedimentation rate is studied in pregnancy and puerperium in the same woman. Method: 30 pregnant women in the age group of 20 to 30 who are registered in KIMS, Hubli were enrolled for the study. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is measured in pregnancy and puerperium in the same women. Results: Values were analyzed statistically using paired t test. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is increased in pregnancy compared to puerperium (p <0.0001) which is statistically highly significant. Conclusion: The increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate in pregnancy is due to increased plasma fibrinogen level and hemodilution during pregnancy.

Anti-arthritic Effect of Indian Red Scorpion (Mesobuthustamulus) Venom in Freund’s Complete Adjuvant and Collagen Type II Induced Arthritis

Aim of the present study was to observe the effect of Indian red scorpion venom (SV) in the treatment of Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis and collagen type II (CII) induced arthritis models in rats. The immunosuppressant action of SV was confirmed by hemagglutination antibody titre. The further results also suggest that SV produce analgesia in both developing and developed phases of arthritis when evaluated on various pain perception models. SV significantly reduced the paw edema volume and ankle joint diameter in arthritic paw of rats. The altered hematological and biochemical parameters were brought to normal by SV in arthritic conditions when tested on experimental animals. Further anti-arthritic activity of SV was confirmed from the histopathological and radiological findings.

AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF CINNAMALDEHYDE AND ELLAGIC ACID ON HEMATOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN ALBINO RATS

Cinnamaldehyde and ellagic acid are two naturally bioactive plant constituents widely distributed in our foodstuffs. Their therapeutic potency mainly relies on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic capacities. The purpose of our study was to indicate the ameliorative effect of both the tested agents on the hematological abnormalities associated with pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). High fatty sucrosed diet/minimal dose of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg body weight) injected at 7th day of gestation was found to be suitable for induction of GDM in albino rats. Gestational diabetic (GD) dams showed a significant decrease in values of red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin content (Hb) and platelet count (PLT), while total leukocyte count (WBC) was significantly increased compared to normal pregnant (NP) dams. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) indices of RBCs were significantly decreased in GD-dams, while red cells distribution width (RDW) was significantly increased than in NP ones. No significant change was observed in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in both groups. In addition, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) of diabetic dams were significantly increased. Moreover, GD-dams showed a significant increase in neutrophils (NEU), eosinophils (EOS) and monocytes (MON) counts in comparison to NP-dams. Lymphocytes (LYM) count was decreased in GD-dams, but no significant change was appearing in basophils (BAS) count between the two groups. Oral administration of cinnamaldehyde (20 mg/kg body weight) and ellagic acid (60 mg/kg body weight) one week prior to mating and during the gestational period was safe and effectively protect against all altered hematological parameters in GD-dams.

Growth inhibition and apoptosis of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells by the methanol extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Context: Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae) is a tall evergreen tree found commonly in Bangladesh. Its use in traditional folk medicine for the treatment of various health complications are well known.Objective: To explore the in vivo antitumor effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis stem bark methanol extract (ME) against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice.Materials and methods: The antitumor activity of ME was studied by determining viable tumor cell count, recording tumor weight and survival time, observing morphological changes and nuclear damage of EAC cells, and estimating hematological as well as biochemical parameters of experimental mice (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for 5 d, i.p.).Results: ME showed 96% (p < 0.001) cell growth inhibition and reduced tumor burden significantly (81.4%; p < 0.01) when compared with control mice. It also increased the lifespan of EAC-bearing mice significantly (71.36%; p < 0.01). It also restored the altered hematological and biochemical parameters towards normal level. The high LD50 value (1120 mg/kg) of ME indicated its low host toxic effects. ME-treated EAC cells showed membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (apoptotic features) in Hoechst 33342 staining under fluorescence microscope. The DNA profile in agarose gel (1.5%) electrophoresis also confirmed that ME caused EAC cell death by apoptosis.Discussion and conclusion: Results showed that ME exhibits strong anticancer activity through apoptosis and stimulation of host immunity. Thus, E. camaldulensis may be considered as a promising resource in cancer chemotherapy.