Alphabetical Order Research Articles

The relative efficacy of monotherapy with Janus kinase inhibitors, dupilumab and apremilast in adults with alopecia areata: Network meta-analyses of clinical trials.

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, biologics, and phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors are recent therapies for alopecia areata (AA)-albeit, knowledge gaps exist for these agents' relative efficacy. We determined the relative efficacy and safety of monotherapy with the aforementioned agents in adults with AA. The literature was systematically searched; we used data from randomized trials that investigated the agents' efficacy-as per Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) scores. Bayesian network meta-analyses were used to determine relative efficacy and safety. Effect modification was determined using a generalized linear model on aggregate data; evidence quality was evaluated. Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve estimates obtained from multiple efficacy endpoints, regimens with the highest likelihood of achieving percent reduction in SALT scores, as well as a minimum 90%, 75% or 50% reduction in SALT scores are (in alphabetical order) baricitinib 4 mg once daily (QD), brepocitinib 60/30 mg QD, deuruxolitinib (CTP-543) 12 mg twice daily (BID), ritlecitinib 200/50 mg QD, ruxolitinib 20 mg BID and tofacitinib 5 mg BID. In contrast, dupilumab subcutaneous injections administered weekly and apremilast 30 mg BID were less likely to be effective. Discontinuation due to any adverse event was the least likely with oral JAK inhibitors, and more likely with dupilumab and apremilast. Our results support the conduct of high-quality comparative trials to determine whether JAK inhibitors are more effective and safer than PDE4 inhibitors.

KITĀB AL-MAWĀHIB AL-ʿALIYYAH FĪ AL-JAMʿI BAYN AL-ḤIKAM AL-QUR’ĀNIYYAH WA AL-ḤADĪTHIYYAH (BOOK OF HIGH TALENTS IN THE INTEGRATION OF QUR’ANIC AND HADITH WISDOM)

This article is based on my doctoral study of an unpublished manuscript retrieved from the SMNA library titled Kitāb al-Mawāhib al-ʿAliyyah fī al-Jamʿi bayn al-Ḥikam al-Qur’āniyyah wa al-Ḥadīthiyyah written by ‘Alī al-Muttaqī al-Hindī, a sixteenth-century Islamic scholar who authored Kanz al-ʿUmmāl (one of the most extensive Hadith compilations). The manuscript of Kitāb al-Mawāhib is a compendium of one thousand pieces of wisdom. Five hundred of them are from the Qur’an and the rest from the Hadith. The wisdom of Qur’an is identified in this manuscript as al-iqtisābāt (quotations) and Hadith as al-taḍmīnāt (inclusion or embodiment). This work is one of the earliest and most excellent compilations on wisdom ever made. It is an introduction to the virtue of wisdom to which the Qur’an refers as a great bounty in these words: “and he, to whom wisdom is granted, indeed has been granted abundant good”. The significance of the manuscript, as the author himself indicated, lies in four things, i.e., preserving the Qur’anic verses, conserving hadith narrations, commentary on the Qur’an, and special significance of Sufism. The author organized the collection of ḥikam (wisdom) in the Qur’an and Hadith according to the subject matter in the alphabetical order, such as Imān, Ihsān, Akhlāq, Imārah, and so on. He did this for every letter of the Arabic alphabet, from alif to yā. I was able to use the only copy available to me during my research. There are, however, another three manuscript copies of Kitāb al-Mawāhib available elsewhere: a handwritten copy at Maktabah Asʿad Afandī, Turkey; a handwritten copy at Maktabah Dāmād Zādah, Turkey; and a handwritten copy at Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyyah, Egypt. The details on these copies will be discussed in this article.

Identity in Colombian English Language Teaching Journals: A critical literature review

The main purpose of this paper is to determine how identity has been approached in Colombian scholarship within the field of English Language Teaching and Learning (ELT&L), during the last two decades, as published in the most important journals of Colombia that deal with matters of language education, bilingual education, language teaching and learning. It also seeks to determine how the theory on identity has evolved. The journals CALJ, GiST, HOW, ÍKALA, and PROFILE (listed in alphabetical order) were selected because they fulfilled four requirements pre-established for this critical literature review, namely a) to issue articles in the field of foreign language education, b) to publish in English, c) to report works about the Colombian context with Colombian participants (or theoretical papers in the field), and d) to be available online at the time of the search. With these prerequisites in mind, a careful search was carried out in each journal website, looking for articles that dealt with the identity.

Seven Initial Prominent Sources of All Information Bias Impartiality Types Parsed

Ever since information was first operationalized by library science into consumer formats, media bias has been studied from the purview of information gatekeepers who decide what, how, and when to publish based on story importance and factors like circulation. This concept did not include individuals or entities outside of the journalism discipline. With the advent of the internet and a number of social media networks that soon followed, individuals could more effectively release information without waiting for gatekeepers, thus shaping the public’s perception regardless of the topic. Scholars offered a theoretical framework for shaping the public’s opinion and still other scholars focused on how information could be slanted or partisan. However, these seminal approaches did not operationalize the term information bias in terms of the overall partiality of major sources themselves. Information evaluation tests such as the Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose (CRAAP) and Stop, Investigate, Find, Trace (SIFT) that have been discussed as tools to assess information for bias fall short on the very first step of what to inspect and how to sort. With a gap in the literature sorting through the types of biases can be daunting and confusing. The purpose of this paper is to propose one initial method as the first step to sort information bias regardless of its form, analog or digital, into seven prominent sources each with their own inherent but larger impartiality tied to it. The sources of all information bias to be discussed in alphabetical order are: 1) academic, 2) forprofit, 3) government, 4) hidden agenda, 5) individuals, 6) nonprofit, and 7) watchdog groups.

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors for the Detection of Skeletal- and Cardiac-Muscle-Related Analytes

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers with specific binding sites that present high affinity and spatial and chemical complementarities to a targeted analyte. They mimic the molecular recognition seen naturally in the antibody/antigen complementarity. Because of their specificity, MIPs can be included in sensors as a recognition element coupled to a transducer part that converts the interaction of MIP/analyte into a quantifiable signal. Such sensors have important applications in the biomedical field in diagnosis and drug discovery, and are a necessary complement of tissue engineering for analyzing the functionalities of the engineered tissues. Therefore, in this review, we provide an overview of MIP sensors that have been used for the detection of skeletal- and cardiac-muscle-related analytes. We organized this review by targeted analytes in alphabetical order. Thus, after an introduction to the fabrication of MIPs, we highlight different types of MIP sensors with an emphasis on recent works and show their great diversity, their fabrication, their linear range for a given analyte, their limit of detection (LOD), specificity, and reproducibility. We conclude the review with future developments and perspectives.

In Future Issues (in alphabetical order)

In Future Issues (in alphabetical order)

Orchidaceae in Puglia (Italy): Consistency, Distribution, and Conservation.

A study of the distribution of orchid species in Puglia, based on an analysis of 2084 bibliographic reports from 2000 to 2022, was carried out with the aim of revising and updating the information on the consistency of the Orchidaceae family in Puglia, with a special focus on assessing threatened species occurring inside and outside protected areas. The work presents a checklist of the Orchidaceae taxa (genera, species, and subspecies) found in the region, including observations on genera and species that present taxonomic challenges. A total of 113 taxa (i.e., species and subspecies), distributed across 16 genera, are listed in alphabetical order. The most representative genera were Ophrys (51 taxa), Serapias (15 taxa), and Epipactis (11 taxa). Additionally, 49 taxa (43.4%) were found to be endemic to Italy, with 21 of these, mostly belonging to the Ophrys genus, being exclusive to Puglia. Our study notes two different trends of distribution: a predominantly coastal distribution for orchid records located in southern Puglia (the Salento peninsula) and a more widespread distribution for the other provinces. Our study also shows that the greatest number of records locate orchids in protected areas with a positive correlation between their presence and habitats cited in Directive 92/43/EEC.

Alexandre Kostov, ed. Contemporary Balkans. The Challenges of the 21st Century

Alexandre Kostov, ed. <i>Contemporary Balkans. The Challenges of the 21st Century</i>

Thematisch-systematisches Verzeichnis der musikalischen Werke von Johann Sebastian Bach ed. by Christine Blanken, Christoph Wolff, and Peter Wollny (review)

Reviewed by: Thematisch-systematisches Verzeichnis der musikalischen Werke von Johann Sebastian Bached. by Christine Blanken, Christoph Wolff, and Peter Wollny Daniel F. Boomhower Thematisch-systematisches Verzeichnis der musikalischen Werke von Johann Sebastian Bach. 3rded. Edited by Christine Blanken, Christoph Wolff, and Peter Wollny. Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel, 2022. [xliv, 835 p. ISBN 9783765104008 (hardback), €410.] Music examples, bibliography, index. The systematic enumeration of the musical output of individual, primarily European, composers has proven captivating and confounding for generations. While the utility of a logically arranged presentation of any repertory seems to make immediate sense, the method of organization itself has often proven a complication. The chronological presentation of compositions often does not offer space for new discoveries, as seen with Ludwig von Köchel's catalog of the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( Chronologisch-thematisches Verzeichnis sämtlicher Tonwerke Wolf-gang Amadé Mozarts[Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel, 1862]), a reliable new edition of which has endured a protracted gestation. A more schematic approach, such as by genre, tends to yield rather opaque numbering schemes, as seen with Anthony van Hoboken's Joseph Haydn: Thematisch-bibliographisches Werkverzeichnis(Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne, 1957) and the Bach Compendium: Analytisch-bibliographisches Repertorium der Werke Johann Sebastian Bachsby Hans-Joachim Schulze and Christoph Wolff (Frankfurt: C. F. Peters, 1985; hereafter BC). The definition and operability of the concept of a musical work represents an equally significant challenge with consequences for scholars, performers, and audiences interested in the music of Johann Sebastian Bach. The compilers of this new third edition of the Bach Werke Verzeichnis(hereafter BWV 3) admirably address the challenges of concisely integrating vast expanses of knowledge about the corpus of Bach compositions while deftly navigating the pitfalls of this enterprise. The well-known and now firmly entrenched BWV numbering scheme, which originated with Wolfgang Schmieder's catalog of Bach's works, Thematisch-systematisches Verzeichnis der musikalischen Werke von Johann Sebastian Bach: Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (BWV)(Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1950; hereafter BWV 1), represents the first significant challenge of BWV 3. This ordering reflects the sequence in which the composer's music appeared in the edition prepared by the Bach Gesellschaft and published by Breitkopf & Härtel ( J. S. Bach Werke[Leipzig, 1851–99]; hereafter BG). In the BG, the ten sacred cantatas published in the first volume of the edition bear the designations "Cantata 1," Cantata 2," and so forth. Hence, "Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern" from March 1725 for the Feast of the Annunciation (Cantata 1) preceded "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein" from June 1724 for the [End Page 602]second Sunday after Trinity (Canata 2) and "Ach Gott, wie manches Herzeleid" from January 1725 for the second Sunday after Epiphany (Cantata 3). As seen in these examples, the BGordering relies neither on the chronology of the compositions nor their place in the liturgical calendar. BWV 1also applies numbers to instrumental works based on the order in which they appeared in BG. Moreover, the BGcreates a static, even monolithic, identity to compositions, informed in no small part by nineteenth-century interpretations of the religious and artistic conception of Bach's compositions, that remains at odds with the reality documented in the sources containing Bach's output. Attempts have arisen to develop more intuitive numerical references to the cantatas, including alphabetical order based on text (e.g., Carl Tamme, Thematisches Verzeichniss der Vokalwerke Joh. Seb. Bachs[Leipzig: C. F. Peters, 1889]) and the Lutheran liturgical calendar (e.g., J. S. Bach: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Werke (Neue Bach-Ausgabe), ed. Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Institut, Göttingen, and Bach-Archiv, Leipzig [Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1954–]; hereafter NBA). To their credit, the compilers of BWV 3have embraced the firmly entrenched numbering scheme and adapted it as gracefully as possible, differentiating the distinct compositional phases of, for instance, BWV 36 as: Weltliche Fassungen (Glückwunschkantate): 36.1 Schwingt freudig euch empor (1725) 36.2 Steigt freudig in die Luft (um 1725–26) 36.3 Die Freude reget sich (um 1737–1738) Geistliche Fassungen (Adventskantate): 36.4 Schwingt freudig euch empor (um 1726–1730) 36.5 Schwingt freudig euch empor (1731) Subsequent entries for...

Heuristic-driven biases as mental shortcuts in investment management activities: a qualitative study

PurposeThis study aims to use a qualitative approach to explore and clarify the mechanism by which heuristic-driven biases influence the decisions and performance of individual investors actively trading on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). It also aims to identify how to overcome the negative effect of heuristic-driven biases, so that finance practitioners can avoid the expensive errors which they cause.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts an interpretative approach. Qualitative data was collected in semistructured interviews, in which the target population was asked open-ended questions. The sample consists of five brokers and/or investment strategists/advisors who maintain investors’ accounts or provide investment advice to investors on the PSX, who were selected on a convenient basis. The researchers analyzed the interview data thematically.FindingsThe results confirm that investors often use heuristics, causing several heuristic-driven biases when trading on the stock market, specifically, reliance on recognition-based heuristics, namely, alphabetical ordering of firm names, name memorability and name fluency, as well as cognitive heuristics, such as herding behavior, disposition effect, anchoring and adjustment, repetitiveness, overconfidence and availability biases. These lead investors to make suboptimal decisions relating to their investment management activities. Due to these heuristic-driven biases, investors trade excessively in the stock market, and their investment performance is adversely affected.Originality/valueThis study provides a practical framework to explore and clarify the mechanism by which heuristic-driven biases influence investment management activities. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the current study is the first to focus on links between heuristic-driven biases, investment decisions and performance using a qualitative approach. Furthermore, with the help of a qualitative approach, the investigators also highlight some factors causing an increased use of heuristic variables by investors and discuss practical approaches to overcoming the negative effects of heuristics factors, so that finance practitioners can avoid repeating the expensive errors which they cause, which also differentiates this study from others.

ASSOSSIATIVE EXPERIMENT AS THE FACTOR FOR ONYM RESEARCH

Our point of interest in this paper is reverse onymic associative dictionary. The dataset on which we base our investigation is drafted from the 2021 free associative experiment. The experiment was conducted in Odesa I. I. Mechnikov University with 100 participants. Here we investigated correlations between associations and stimuli, taking onymic reactions into particular focus. In this paper we present the entries compiled in the following way: from associations to their stimuli, listed in alphabetical order. The current study found that onymic reactions cover all the onomastic terminological sphere, our findings include all the main classes of proper names: anthroponyms, toponyms, ethnonyms, theonyms, ideonyms, zoonyms, chrematonyms, chrononyms, ergonyms, phytonyms, cosmonyms. We conclude that the reverse onymic associative dictionary is one of the potent methodological instruments for onomastic studies. The reverse onymic associative dictionary clarifies cultural constants and traditional memetic units which are present in the Ukrainian society.

Каталог муляжей находок ископаемого человека Музея антропологии МГУ

The catalog of the collection of copies of fossil finds of the genus Homo, which is kept in the Museum of Anthropology of Moscow State University, is presented in this article. The publication will be useful for researchers to select research materials. Materials and methods. The documents of the archive of the Museum of Anthropology of MSU were used to work on the article. Analytical and chronological research methods were applied in the study. Results and discussion. Brief information on the history of the collection formation. The section contains data on the sources of replenishment of the collection, the names of the scientists who handed over the items are named. The collection of copies of fossil bones is divided into parts that combine items that came from the same source and at the same time. Catalog of collections. A short catalog of collections of copies of Homo finds of the Museum of Anthropology is presented in the table. The finds are listed in alphabetical order, the division into geographical regions and chronological periods was not carried out. Conclusion. The catalog of copies of finds of representatives of the genus Homo, stored in the Museum of Anthropology of MSU, is presented in this article. A catalog of finds of other systematic groups of the Primates order will be compiled and published in the near future. @ 2023. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license.

The Etiology of Abnormal TSH in Veterans Cared by a VA Medical Center – One High Serum Thyrotropin is Associated with Higher 5-Years Mortality

Objective: By analyzing the etiology of abnormal TSH in randomly selected veteran patients, we set our heart on improving future clinical care/management of the clinical/subclinical hyper- and hypothyroidism in the aging veteran population. Methods: A total of 1100 patients’ charts in alphabetical order were selected. Excluded cases of insufficient information, 897 patients’ charts were reviewed and analyzed for causes of abnormal TSH. Among them, 602 for the cause of low TSH (below 0.55 uU/mL) and 295 for high TSH (above 4.78 uU/mL) were reviewed retrospectively. Findings: Among the 1100 patients selected, 680 (61.8%) were 60 y or older (female=44, 6.8%); 420 were under 60 y (female=80, 19.0%); significantly more female patients were found in the younger age group (P&lt;0.001). After excluding patients with insufficient data, the most common cause of suppressed TSH is iodine-induced, CT iodinated contrast and betadine use caused 35.0% in the older group (n=126) compared to 23.6% in the younger group(n=57) (P = 0.027). The significant difference is that older veterans received more contrast CTs (P &lt; 0.05 compared to the younger group). In both age groups with concurrent FT4 study, we found four high FT4 among 90 studies, 4.4% overt hyperthyroidism. The second most common cause of suppressed TSH is due to thyroid hormone (TH) replacement in the older group (119 patients, 33.1%) with age &gt; 60y, significantly more frequent compared to the younger group, P&lt;0.001. There is significantly more overt hyperthyroidism, 27.8/%, than the iodine-load induced suppression of TSH, P&lt;0.001, due to 17 patients on TSH suppression therapy after total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. Among the 295 patients with elevated TSH, the most common cause of high TSH was due to hypothyroidism on T4 replacement: a total of 128 (59.3%) in the older group (N=216) is, similar to 47 (59.5%) in the younger group (N=79). In both age groups, there were 139 patients with concomitant FT4 measurement; 17 overt hypothyroidism were found, 12.2%. No significant difference is seen in the two age groups. The next most common causes of elevated TSH are CT contrast infusion, 23 (10.6%) in the older group and 7 (8.9%) in the younger group. We find high TSH is associated with a higher death rate of 101/238 (42.4%) in a 5-year follow-up (from 2016 to 2021), as compared to low TSH of 68/238 (28.6%), in the older age group, p&lt;0.03； both were significantly higher than the age- and sex-matched general US population, 19.7%, P&lt;0.01. Conclusion: Even though most, ~ 90%, were subclinical, the suppressed and elevated TSH are associated with severe consequences in CV/CNS and immune-suppression complications in aging veterans. Therefore, cautious use (and more frequent check of TSH) of TH replacement and CT contrast in aging veterans is recommended. The alarming increase in the 5-year death rate in older patients with elevated TSH deserves further study.

A checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Chile with exemplar live-photographed.

An updated list of the Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) species registered in Chile is given, which includes current names, synonyms, and photographs of live specimens of 88 species. The photographs cover 35% of the species present in the country, with all families represented except for Glaresidae and Ochodaeidae. For each species, the geographical distribution is presented from north to south by administrative regions of the country. For species shared with neighboring countries, the distribution by provinces or departments is indicated, while for those that have a worldwide distribution, the countries, or regions where they have been reported are cited. This list includes species whose presence in continental and insular Chile has been verified and confirmed by studying specimens from collections, excluding all records considered erroneous. The systematic ordering is carried out at the family, subfamily, and tribe level following the current classification of the group; genera and species are presented in alphabetical order. Paranimbus peruanus (Erichson) (Aphodiinae) is recorded for the first time in Chile based on specimens collected in the locality of Visviri (Arica and Parinacota Region). The known distribution is extended for the following species: Allidiostoma landbecki (Philippi), A. simplicifrons (Fairmaire), Archophileurus chaconus Kolbe, Brachysternus germaini (Ohaus), Chiasognathus beneshi Lacroix, Cyclocephala modesta Burmeister, Frickius costulatus Germain, Martinezostes posticus (Germar), Martinezostes ruizi Gutiérrez, Megathopa villosa Eschscholtz, Oogenius chilensis Ohaus, O. kuscheli Gutiérrez, Oryctomorphus maculicollis Guérin-Méneville, Paranimbus zoai Dellacasa, Paranomala undulata peruviana (Guérin-Méneville), Phytholaema fenestra Smith & Mondaca, Tesserodoniella meridionalis Vaz-de-Mello & Halffter, Macrodactylus farinosus Philippi, and Ulata argentina Saylor. Considering the great morphological variability and differences in the color pattern of the integument, Chiasognathus grantii holometallicus Rataj, 2012 and Chiasognathus megalodon Rataj, 2013 are considered new synonyms of Chiasognathus grantii Stephens, 1831. The study of the syntype of Copris punctatissima Curtis, 1844 confirms that this species belongs to the genus Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 and that is not conspecific with H. torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), therefore, the combination Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1844) new combination is established. The study of the syntype of Copris valdiviana Philippi, 1859 confirms that this species is a synonymy of Homocopris torulosus and not of H. puntatissimus. The morphological study of specimens of the genus Germarostes Paulian, 1982 and the comparison with Chilean specimens of Germarostes posticus (Germar, 1843), confirms that this last species really belongs to the genus Martinezostes Paulian, 1982, therefore, the combination Martinezostes posticus (Curtis, 1843) new combination is established. Based on the inconsistencies that exist with the current definition of the subfamily Melolonthinae, and on the results of a previous phylogenetic analysis, Lichniini is elevated to the category of subfamily, placing Lichniinae new status very close to Aclopinae. There are 79 genera, 251 species and 10 subspecies of Scarabaeoidea in Chile, belonging to the families Geotrupidae (three genera, 10 species), Glaresidae (one genus, one species), Hybosoridae (one genus, six species), Trogidae (one genus, 11 species), Lucanidae (nine genera, 31 species, nine subspecies), Ochodaeidae (one genus, one species), and Scarabaeidae (63 genera, 191 species, one subspecies). In addition, Onthophagus pilauco Tello, Verdú, Rossini, & Zunino, 2021, the first fossil scarab from Chile, is included. Approximately 58% of the listed species are endemic to the country, 39% are native to South America and 3% correspond to introduced species with a wide global distribution.

『그리스어야 놀자』(김창락, 서울: 분도출판사, 2022)

This paper briefly reviews the Greek-Korean lexicon, Let’s Play with Greek Vocabulary (GEURISEOYA NOLJA in Korean) in the context of the author’s career and introduces its strengths and weaknesses.BR This book not only has 744 pages but is also bigger in size than regular books, giving the impression that it would be difficult to study Greek with it. However, it is the work of an English teacher-turned-New Testament professor, carefully designed for use by beginner-level Greek students.BR It aims to help students who want to learn Koine Greek acquire their Greek vocabulary as quickly and easily as possible. To achieve this goal, the author includes almost all the Greek words in the New Testament, and introduces them in the 24 chapters ordered according to letters of the Greek alphabet. Furthermore, he uses three creative methods to help students, that is, association, analysis, and illustrations.BR First, association method utilizes the similarity of pronunciation or meaning between a foreign word and a native word to memorize the word. Second, analysis method analyzes the components of foreign words by etymology to memorize them together. Third, illustrations vividly bring up the image the author presents.BR Despite its many strengths, it lacks the Greek word index. It is not so difficult to find words because chapters are arranged in alphabetical order. But within each chapter, it can be a little inconvenient to find them as they are not arranged in alphabetical order and some words are repeated here and there. It will be more helpful for students if there is an index at the end of the book.BR In conclusion, this book will be useful and helpful for Koine Greek learners.

A Minimalist Analysis of Scrambling in Central Kurdish

This study characterizes the descriptive and theoretical properties of scrambling in Central Kurdish. Scrambling denotes a phenomenon or a process by which constituents of a clause are displaced from their original and unmarked positions and are placed in other positions in the sentence. Following the tenets and concepts as currently assumed in work within the framework of the Minimalist Program, the study answers questions that are related to the types of constituents that may undergo scrambling in the language, the nature of the movement types and positions involved, and the semantic-discourse import of scrambled constituents. Arguments and adjuncts in Central Kurdish may undergo displacement as a result of scrambling, and the syntactic categories affected by scrambling are DP, PP, VP, and adjunct CPs. As the language displays all three of short-distance, mid-distance and long-distance scrambling, several diagnostic tests such as binding, crossover effects, and parasitic gaps were applied to find out the nature of movement for each type of scrambling. In terms of the semantic-discourse import, it was found that scrambling in Central Kurdish does not alter the compositional semantics of the sentences, but it gives rise to new discourse interpretations. five keywords or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas.

COMPARISON OF ANN METHOD AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION METHOD ON SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM GENETIC DATA

This study aims to determine the goodness of classification using the ANN method on Asthma genetic data in the R program package, namely SNPassoc. SNP genetic data was transformed using codominant genetic traits, namely for genetic data AA, AC, CC were given a score of 0, 0.5 and 1, respectively, while CC, CT and TT were scored 0, 0.5 and 1, respectively. The scoring is based on the smallest alphabetical order given a low score. The average accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score were determined using the neural network method if the genetic code was used with variations in the proportion of test data 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% and repeated B = 1000 times. The results obtained were compared with the logistic regression method. If 20% test data is used and the ANN method is used, the accuracy, precision, recall and F1 scores are 0.7756, 0.7844, 0.9844 and 0.8728, respectively. When all information from various countries is used in the Asthma genetic data, the logistic regression method gives higher average accuracy, precision and F1 scores than the ANN method, but the average recall is the opposite. When a separate analysis is performed for each country, the logistic regression method gives higher accuracy, precision, recall and F1 scores in the ANN method compared to the logistic regression method.

In Future Issues (in alphabetical order)

In Future Issues (in alphabetical order)

Extinct: A Compendium of Obsolete Objects ed. by Barbara Penner et al.

Reviewed by: Extinct: A Compendium of Obsolete Objects ed. by Barbara Penner et al. Allison Marsh (bio) Extinct: A Compendium of Obsolete Objects Edited by Barbara Penner, Adrian Forty, Olivia Horsfall Turner, and Miranda Critchley. London: Reaktion Books, 2021. Pp. 400. Ever since Neil MacGregor published A History of the World in 100 Objects in 2010 as a joint project between the British Museum and BBC Radio 4, there have been imitators. Richard Kurin upped the ante by one to tell The Smithsonian's History of America in 101 Objects. Adrian Hon took a futuristic account in A New History of the Future in 100 Objects, in which he imagined a curator in the year 2082 writing an object-based book as a fictional commentary of the twenty-first century. With Extinct, editors Barbara Penner, Adrian Forty, Olivia Horsfall Turner, and Miranda Critchley go in a different direction. Unbound by geography or chronology or even the round number of one hundred (they feature eighty-five objects), Extinct is a collection of individual essays from the mundane and ubiquitous (T-shirt plastic bag) to the truly unique (Cybersyn). Although the editors collectively refer to the case studies as objects, they acknowledge in the introduction that the essays include tools, equipment, structures, and infrastructures related to modern life. All of the essays follow a similar pattern: a single main image, three pages of text, and a possible secondary image. Arranged in alphabetical order with each essay standing on its own, there is no need to read the book linearly from beginning to end. It is just as much fun to open the book to a page and start reading as it is to go from one essay to the next trying to make connections. [End Page 580] And connections do exist. The overall project is a commentary on technological progress. The delightful introduction, authored by all four editors, begins with a quote from Charles Darwin explaining natural selection as a tendency "to progress towards perfection." Acknowledging the challenges in applying a natural phenomenon to human-made objects, the authors then unfold a lovely literature review, from Lewis Mumford's Technics and Civilization through Sigfried Giedion's Mechanization Takes Command to David Edgerton's Shock of the Old, weaving together theories from history, industrial design, and economics. Extinct is a slippery word, especially considering some of the objects have never truly disappeared, and so the editors propose six different categories of extinction: "failed" (such as the Concorde) for objects that are truly dead; "superseded" (Kodak Flashcube) for objects that have lost out in technological evolution to more advanced or efficient objects; "enforced" (Fisher-Price peg figures) for items whose end came by way of government policy or regulatory bodies; "defunct" (optical telegraph) for items that never took off or fell victim to changing tastes; "aestivated" (Chinese dougong) for objects that became extinct but were later revived in a new fashion; and finally "visionary" (Edison's anti-gravitation underclothing) for experimental prototypes that fell victim to constraints such as cost, politics, imagination, or reality. The only nod to these interesting categories of extinction is a grayscale label in the footer under each essay. It would have been logical to organize the book along these typologies, but I applaud the editors for sticking to their alphabetical order. I suspect it would be boring to read a dozen examples of superseded technologies in a row; it is much more engaging to ponder the different reasons objects go extinct with unexpected juxtapositions of time and place. Within the academic realm, individual essays could be assigned at any level of undergraduate or graduate studies in courses on the history of technology, design, or economics. As a whole, the book could be used in material culture or museum studies courses to inspire future curators, though it does not provide the typical close readings of the objects or explain how to situate them within different exhibits, instead opting to explore their broader social and cultural significance. Beyond the academy, I could see this book as a lovely gift for anyone who has a predilection for collecting. Extinct is a beautiful book—the photographs are captivating, and the essays are insightful...

REVIEW OF VLADIMIR BOCHARNIKOV's BOOK "WILDLIFE RESERVES OF RUSSIA"

At the end of 2021, the Moscow publishing house "Dialogue of Cultures" published a beautifully illustrated, informative, and simply wonderful book, an original, even unique album, an encyclopedic monograph, an illustrated catalog: "Wildlife Reserves of Russia". For the first time for the territories of Russia, the monograph provides calculations of the areas and preservation of the wild nature of our country based on GIS technologies and using computer mapping techniques. The book includes 2 parts: Reserves of Russia (total 118 - from A to Z) and Subjects of the Russian Federation (88 territories, also from A to Z). The author is Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Vladimir Nikolayevich Bocharnikov, a leading researcher at the Pacific Institute of Geography of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a hunter, organizer of a number of scientific expeditions, Russian ecologist, geographer, international expert on biodiversity, writer. Initiator and leader of a series of international and interdisciplinary projects in the field of study and conservation of biological diversity, conservation of natural habitats of animals and birds. Scientific expert on biogeocenology, forestry, hunting and traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples. Chairman of the working group for the preparation of a new edition of the Red Book of rare and endangered species of animals and plants of the Primorsky Territory. Author of about 30 monographs and about 550 scientific papers. This is a magnificent modern capacious publication (large format - 60x90/8) about all the protected areas of Russia. For the first time in Russia, a printed paper edition appeared, which lists and provides brief information about all the reserves and the main subjects of the Russian Federation (118 reserves located (from Azas to Yalta mountain forest) in 88 regions of the country (from Adygea to the Yaroslavl region)) with highlighted shading large integral areas. The peculiarity of this encyclopedia about the listed reserves is not only in their arrangement in alphabetical order - from “A to Z”, but also in a brief summary of all the latest information available about each of them, as well as the first ever presentation of information about the reserves of our country with using GIS technologies used to calculate the cartographic area of pristine nature, indicating the location on the map-schemes of the location of these territories.