Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Research Articles

Biological activity, chemical composition, and molecular docking of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC

AbstractThere is a significant effort to explore the potential pharmacological activity of natural products derived from plant extracts. The goal is to generate new compounds that could be used for therapeutic purposes. Eugenia punicifolia is a shrub that grows widely all over the world. As a natural cure for diabetes, fever, flu and inflammation, leaves of this medicinal plant are often used in decoction or aqueous infusion. The goal of the study was to record the molecular docking, antioxidant, chemical composition, and alpha-glucosidase inhibition of E. punicifolia. A number of parameters were evaluated in order to confirm its efficacy, including Total Phenolic Content (TPC), TFC (Total Flavonoid Content), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), DPPH radical scavenging activity, inhibition of α-glucosidase, chemical composition, and molecular docking. The leaf ethanolic exhibited robust antioxidant activity with respect to radical scavenging activity, TPC (Total phenolic content), reducing power, TFC (Total Flavonoid Content), and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity at concentrations of 26.7 µg/mL, 18.9 mmol/g, 11.9 mg GAE/g, 13.5 mg QE/g, and 18.9 µg/mL, respectively. In the ethanolic leaf extract, Z-8-Methyl-9-tetradecenoic acid (28.6%) was the main component. The five compounds (− 121.208 kcal/mol, − 120.465 kcal/mol, − 105.572 kcal/mol, − 104.497 kcal/mol, and − 102.256 kcal/mol) were selected as the top lead compounds, respectively. The lead compounds that were found had drug-like properties and were suitable for oral administration. In addition, it was noted that they exhibited non-toxic features and favorable ADME-Tox characteristics, except for compound 6, which displayed toxicity. The leaves exhibited potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors.

Alpha-amylase and Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Philippine Indigenous Medicinal Plants

In the Philippines, medicinal plants still provide the first line of therapeutic remedies and their reported efficacy in traditional treatments provides an opportunity for drug discovery and development. The study aimed to evaluate in vitro commonly used Philippine medicinal plants for their alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities as potential sources of antidiabetic agents. The study emphasised the inhibitory activities of 54 medicinal plants against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The findings revealed 7 medicinal plants with the highest alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ≥ 50% and 3 with alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of ≥ 20%. Ethyl acetate extract of Cycas sp. exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with 83.87% ± 1.52 followed by the aqueous extract of cf. Calyptranthera sp. With 82.07% ± 0.14 with Acarbose as the reference standard (99.71% ± 0.63) at 10µg/mL (w/v) concentration. For the alpha-amylase inhibitory assay, the highest bioactivity was observed in ethyl acetate extract of Curcuma longa L. (39.44% ± 1.56) with Acarbose as the reference standard (51.59% ± 0.98) at 10µg/mL (w/v) concentration. These findings suggest the potential of the above-mentioned plants as sources of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors that may be used as antidiabetic agents.

Isolation, Characterization and Structure Elucidation of Antidiabetic Compound “2-({4-oxo-1H,2H,3H,4H,4aH-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-2-yl} methyl)-1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 4aH-Cyclopenta[b]Pyridine-4-one” from the barks of Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr.

Parkia timoriana (D.C.) Merr is a medicinal plant with long-known usage as a traditional medicine. This plant’s bark and pods have been used in medicine and food supplements. P. timoriana bark was extracted with ethyl acetate and purified using silica gel column chromatography. A pure compound, 2-({4-oxo-1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 4aH-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-2-yl}methyl)-1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 4Ah cyclopenta[b]pyridine-4-one (BCPP) was isolated and spectroscopic analysis was performed to determine its chemical structure. Antidiabetic studies were conducted using Bis-Cyclopenta-Pyridin (BCPP) for its enzymatic inhibition. In vitro cell culture assays, gene expression studies and in silico docking studies were done to ascertain the antidiabetic activity. P. timoriana bark was extracted using the solvents based on its polarity: hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. At a 125 μg/ml concentration, BCPP demonstrated 75% inhibition of alpha-amylase, 74% inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and a 59% increase in glucose uptake by yeast cells (3.3 ± 0.0058 at 125 μg/ml). BCPP increased the expression of the PPARγ gene in 3T3-L1 cells by 0.23-fold. There is an increase in fold change of PPAR- γ at 25 μg/ml – 0.11-fold; at 50 μg /ml – 0.25-fold; at 75 μg /ml – 0.37-fold; 100 μg /ml – 0.73-fold; and at 125 μg/ml, there is an upregulation of 1.10-fold in 3T3-L1 cells. In silico docking studies confirmed the alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of BCPP. This study suggests the application of BCPP as a potential antidiabetic agent that can be used in drug design and pharmaceutics.

Screening In Silico Alpha-amylase and Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Flavonoid Compounds for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) is a chronic disease associated with metabolic disorders and hyperglycemia. α-glucosidase and α-amylase, which play an important role in the hydrolysis of starch and carbohydrates, are enzymes. They are related to the increase and decrease in blood glucose levels. Flavonoids are a common group of natural compounds that have been shown to have many beneficial health effects. This study used molecular docking methods and drug-like criteria, predicting pharmacokinetics-toxicity (ADMET) to screen and evaluate potential flavonoid compounds in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. After screening the compounds, we obtained 46 compounds with lower binding energies than the positive controls, which are acarbose. Using Lipinski's rule of five, we evaluated the drug-likeness of the compounds and identified 12 compounds that met the criteria. Then, continuing to analyze according to pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters (ADMET), we obtained 3 compounds including Galangin, Maackiain, and Corylin, that have the potential to be developed into drugs when showing the ability to simultaneously inhibit both enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase have positive properties: binding energy is lower than the control, creates many interactions with target proteins in the active site, has drug-like properties, relatively good pharmacokinetic properties and low toxicity. Therefore, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to develop these potential compounds into drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
 
 
 

Exploring the therapeutic mechanism of potential phytocompounds from Kalanchoe pinnata in the treatment of diabetes mellitus by integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking and simulation approach

Since ancient times, bioactive phytocompounds from different parts of medicinal plants have been used to heal various disease ailments and they are now regarded as a valuable source of disease prevention globally.Kalanchoe pinnatais a member of the Crassulaceae family; it has a long history of usage in traditional ayurvedic treatment. Analysis of bioactive compounds for their potential anti-type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mechanism along within-vitroandin-silicoapproaches was studied in the present research. The alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of methanolic extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (α-amylase: IC50 29.50 ± 0.04 μg/ml; α-glucosidase IC50 32.04 ± 0.35 μg/ml) exhibit a high degree of similarity to the standard drug acarbose (IC50 35.82 ± 0.14 μg/ml). Different biological databases were used to list phytocompounds from the plant, and ADME analysis using swissADME was carried out to screen compounds that obeyed the Lipinski rule of 5 and were employed further. STRING and KEGG pathway analysis was performed for gene enrichment analysis followed by network pharmacology to identify key target proteins involved in DM. AMY2A, NOX4, RPS6KA3, ADRA2A, CHRM5, and IL2 were identified as core targets for luteolin, kaempferol, alpha amyrin, stigmasterol compounds by modulating neuroactive ligand interaction, P13-AKT, MAPK, and PPAR signaling pathways. Molecular docking was performed to study the binding affinity among bioactive compounds ofK. pinnataagainst aldose reductase, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Alpha-amylase-friedelin [FRI] and alpha-amylase-acarbose [STD] complexes were subjected to molecular simulation for a 200 ns duration that depicted the stability of the compounds and proteins. In the current study, employing dual approach in-silico and in-vitroenzyme assays has yielded a comprehensive and strong understanding of its potential therapeutic properties, making a significant step towards the development of novel anti-diabetic treatment.

SCREENING OF ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY FROM TWO PRODUCTS OF THE CAPSULIZED JAMU CINNAMON EXTRACT (CINNMOMUM BURMANNII)


 Cinnamon (Cinnamomim burmannii) found in the markets, comes in many forms with one of them being a type of jamu which the cinnamon dust is capsulized. The capsulized jamu is claimed to be beneficial on treating diabetes melitus. The effects of antidiabetics on some products of the capsulized jamu is suspected to work through the alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activites contained in them. The aim of this research is to verify the activities of some capsulized cinnamon dust extract in jamu (C. burmannii) found in the markets on its effect to inhibit alpha-glucosidase activity and to know its IC50 value. Experiment is done by using analytic experiments using two different products (product A and product B) and by using acarbose 50mg as a positive control factor. Enzyme activity are then calculated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer on a 410 nm wavelength. The result of this research is alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity found in product A and B are 155,104 µg/mL and 6.795,893 µg/mL, wherease the acarbose as a positive control are 47,466 µg/mL. The conclusion of this research is alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity found on the products as IC50 shows that product A has a better alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity than product B. However, when compared to the acarbose as the positive control, product A has a lesser alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity.
 Kata kunci : Cinnamomum burmannii, diabetes mellitus, alpha glucosidase inhibition.
 

In Vitro Evaluation of Alpha Amylase and Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Kamadhenu Ark extracts of Climate Smart Crop Millets

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by abnormal Metabolism of glucose. The maintenance of glucose levels in blood without any side effects is still challenging in the medication of this disease. Various medical approaches like Allopathy, Homeopathy, Ayurveda, Unani etc are striving a lot for success in this field of medication. Present study is aimed to evaluate the Antidiabetic activity of Millets in combination with Kamadhenu Ark as solvent for the probable alpha Amylase and alpha Glucosidase inhibitory activities to reduce hyperglycemia. The Millets namely Paspalum scrobiculatum, Panicum miliaceum, Panicum sumatrense were selected for the study. The Kamadhenu Ark Extracts were prepared by Maceration method. The extracts were used for the estimation of alpha amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity. Extract of Panicum miliaceum exhibited highest α amylase and α glucosidase inhibitory potential with IC50 values of 0.239 and 1.526 mg/ml, respectively, which was comparable with acarbose (0.258 and 1.985 mg/ml). Extracts of Paspalum scrobiculatum and Panicum sumatrense have shown low activity. Present study paves a new path revealing the effective inhibition of α amylase and α glucosidase by Kamadhenu Ark extract of Panicum miliaceum (Proso Millet KPM).

Myanmar traditional medicine formulations and their antioxidant, antiglycation and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities: Potentials for antidiabetes complications

Myanmar traditional medicine formulations and their antioxidant, antiglycation and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities: Potentials for antidiabetes complications

Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Pharmacological Potential of Baliospermum solanifolium Leaf Extract

BackgroundBaliospermum solanifolium is a traditional medicinal plant, locally known as “dantigaacha” from Euphorbiaceae family, and has been used in different diseases treatments likes helminthiasis, skin diseases, diabetes, snake-bite, and leukoderma. ObjectivesDepending on the traditional uses of B. solanifolium and the lack of scientific works, we aimed to conduct some pharmacological tests on its leaves. MethodsActive constituents of B. solanifolium were assessed by qualitative screening. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was used for free radical scavenging assay. Behavioral change and mortality rate were used as indicators to assess the toxicity of B. solanifolium. The antidiabetic potential was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity. In antidiarrheal activity, castor oil-induced mice were used. Antibacterial test was carried out by disk diffusion assay and MIC determination. Furthermore, analgesic activity was done by acetic acid-induced writhing method. ResultsB. solanifolium contains alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, tannis, phenolics etc. Acute toxicity test ensured the safety of the extract. In DPPH, the extract showed antioxidant activity with an IC50 (concentration needed to scavenge 50% DPPH) value of 61.65 µg/mL. Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents were determined as 124 mg GAE/g, 440 mg QE/g and 344 mg GAE/g dried extract, respectively. In OGTT, the extract reduced the blood glucose level significantly. In the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, the plant showed a concentration-dependent reduction of the enzyme at IC50 of 8.53 mg/mL. In the antidiarrheal test, B. solanifolium inhibit defecation 30.69% and 53.41% at dose 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively. The extract also showed antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains in the disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 62.5 µg/mL, 62.5 µg/mL, 125 µg/mL and 62.5 µg/mL against four bacterial strains, independently. In analgesic activity test, the extract reduced the writhing impulse up to 48.51% at 500 mg/kg dose. ConclusionB. solanifolium contains many active phytoconstituents which may be the possible candidates for targeting diabetes, microbial infection, diarrhea and pain in the future.

Ferruginoside D: A Novel Phenylethanoid from Verbascum leiocarpum.

A novel phenylethanoid, ferruginoside D, together with fourteen known compounds were isolated from the Verbascum leiocarpum for the first time. Chemical structures of isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis including HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectra. The antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory properties, and antiproliferative activities against multiple cell lines (A172, C6, HeLa, A2780, SW620, HT29, Beas2B, RPE, and HSF) of the isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro. According to the results, iridoids, flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin), and phenylethanoids (poliumoside and isoverbascoside) with strong antiproliferative potential were also found to have cytostatic effects. Furthermore, the investigation revealed that compounds luteolin, poliumoside, verbascoside, isoverbascoside, ferruginoside C, ferruginoside D, and ursolic acid show potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while compounds luteolin, verbascoside, and isoverbascoside exhibit substantial antioxidant activity. The new compound (ferruginoside D) was found moderately active against cancer cell lines, with strong alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and moderate antioxidant properties.

The effect of soaking of white and red varieties of Sorghum bicolor flour on its antioxidant, antidiabetic and physicochemical properties

Sorghum is rich in beneficial phytochemicals such as phenolic acids, anthocyanins, phytosterols, tannins, and policosanols. This study aimed to study comprehensively the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of red and white sorghum compared to soaked sorghum. The treatment process of soaked sorghum was carried out by soaking white and red sorghum grains for 2 h at 50 ℃ followed by drying in the sun for 8 h. All the sorghum grains were processed into flour. The antioxidant assay by DPPH showed that red sorgum flour (RSF) had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 of 98.85 ppm, followed by soaked red sorgum flour (RSF2), white sorghum flour (WSF) and soaked white sorghum flour (WSF2). Meanwhile, for the antidiabetic assay, WSF and RSF had similar alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity as of 97.43% and 97.42%, respectively at concentrations of 1000 ppm. Total phenolic assay using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent showed that RSF2 had the highest content as of 5031.6 mg GAE/g. The physico-chemical properties of sorghum flour were also studied by proximate analysis, SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and XRF (X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy).The result showed that sorghum flour had good potential properties as flour substitution in functional food products since its good antioxidants and antidiabetic properties.

Metabolic Profiling, Antioxidant Activity, and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of the Roasted Beans of Luwak (Civet) Coffee

Metabolic Profiling, Antioxidant Activity, and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of the Roasted Beans of Luwak (Civet) Coffee

In vitro study of antioxidant, antigylycation, sugar hydrolysis enzyme inhibitory effect and molecular in silico docking study of angularly condensed diquinothiazines

BackgroundAngularly condensed diquinothiazines (MY1, MY2, and MY3) a phenothiazine derivative was evaluated for antioxidant, antiglycation, sugar hydrolysis enzyme inhibitory effect and molecular in silico docking. MethodAntioxidants were evaluated using DPPH, chelating ion, FRAP and lipid peroxidation. Alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase inhibition was used for sugar hydrolysis enzyme inhibitory activity and antiglycation with BSA-Glucose and BSA-MGO. In silco docking was done with AutoDock Vina and ADMET properties with pkCSM software. ResultAngularly condensed diquinothiazines (MY1, MY2, and MY3) showed free radical scavenging, antiglycation and alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibition. Insilco docking and pkCSM ADME shows interaction with aldose reductase, glyoxalase 1, receptor AGE, alpha-glucosidase, and alpha-amylase. ConclusionAntiglycation, alpha-glucosidase, and alpha-amylase inhibition activity of Angularly condensed diquinothiazines maybe through deactivation of aldose reductase enzyme activity, activation of glyoxalase 1 pathway, reduction of dicarbonyl stress and oxidative stress.

INHIBITION OF ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE BY POLYSACCHARIDES FROM WATER LETTUCE (Pistia stratiotes) LEAF EXTRACTS WITH DIFFERENT EXTRACTION METHODS

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that has a significant impact on the quality of life and health. This condition is indicated by high blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Alpha-glucosidase is an important enzyme during carbohydrate digestion to obtain monosaccharides such as glucose. This study aimed to investigate the alpha-glucoside inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) leaf with different extraction methods. The leaf was extracted by hot water extraction (HWE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The total sugar, crude fiber, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity were analysis by in vitro, then an independent-sample t-test was used to analyze the statistically different. The UAE method showed a high yield of crude extract than the HWE method. However, the total sugar of HWE is higher than UAE, whereas no different of crude fiber level. The extract from the HWE method more effectively inhibits the alpha-glucosidase activity when compared to UAE. Therefore, hot water extraction is the suitable method to extract polysaccharides from a water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) leaf. This condition also indicated polysaccharides extract potential to develop as an antidiabetes agent.

Anti-Diabetic Potential of Sargassum horneri and Ulva australis Extracts In Vitro and In Vivo.

Sargassum horneri (SH) and Ulva australis (UA) are marine waste resources that cause environmental and economic problems when entering or multiplying the coastal waters of Jeju Island. We analyzed their anti-diabetic efficacy to assess their reusability as functional additives. The alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of SH and UA extracts was confirmed, and the effect of UA extract was higher than that of SH. After the induction of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, the effects of the two marine extracts on oxidative stress, intracellular glucose uptake, and glycogen content were compared to the positive control, metformin. Treatment of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells with SH and UA resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in oxidative stress and increased intracellular glucose uptake and glycogen content. Moreover, SH and UA treatment upregulated the expression of IRS-1, AKT, and GLUT4, which are suppressed in insulin resistance, to a similar degree to metformin, and suppressed the expression of FoxO1, PEPCK involved in gluconeogenesis, and GSK-3β involved in glycogen metabolism. The oral administration of these extracts to rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes led to a higher weight gain than that in the diabetic group. Insulin resistance and oral glucose tolerance are alleviated by the regulation of blood glucose. Thus, the SH and UA extracts may be used in the development of therapeutic agents or supplements to improve insulin resistance.

Study of Optimal Conditions to Grow Thai Ganoderma, Fruiting Test, Proximate and Their Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity.

Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae) has a worldwide distribution and has been widely used in traditional medicines. In this study, we report wild strains of Ganoderma that include two G. sichuanense and one G. orbiforme from northern Thailand. Optimal conditions for mycelium growth were ensured. The most favourable medium was potato sucrose agar for G. sichuanense and oatmeal agar for G. orbiforme and at 25 °C and 30 °C and pH 4-8. All types of cereal grains can be used to promote the growth of the mycelia of Ganoderma species. Fruiting tests were performed. All strains of Ganoderma produce fruiting bodies successfully in bag culture at 28 ± 1 °C with 75-85% relative humidity. Only G. orbiforme produced fruiting bodies in field cultivation at the laboratory scale. In the first flush yields, the G. sichuanense strain MFLUCC 22-0064 gave better production (the B.E was 152.35 ± 6.98 g). This study is the first to document the bag and field cultivation of wild Thai G. orbiforme. Ganoderma species are revealed to contain high amounts of fiber (47.90-52.45% d.b.), protein (12.80-14.67% d.b.), fat (4.90-5.70% d.b.), and carbohydrates (3.16-4.02% d.b.). Additionally, G. sichuanense and G. orbiforme were preliminarily screened for biological activity for inhibition of alpha-glucosidase enzyme activity. The IC50 values of G. orbiforme (MFLUCC 22-0066) was 105.97 ± 1.36 µg/mL and G. sichuanense (MFLUCC 22-0064) was 126.94 ± 0.87 µg/mL. Both strains had better inhibition than acarbose (168.18 ± 0.89 µM). These results on wild strains of Ganoderma will be useful for further studies on the applications of Ganoderma. Later the species can be introduced to domestic markets for cultivation and medicinal use.

In-Vitro Studies on Alpha Amylase and Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Synthesized Novel Sn(IV) Complexes of Schiff Base Ligand

In-Vitro Studies on Alpha Amylase and Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Synthesized Novel Sn(IV) Complexes of Schiff Base Ligand

Extraction Efficiency and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Green Tea Catechins by Different Infusion Methods.

Alpha-glucosidase is an important target for glycemic control with the aim of reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Green tea catechins have been reported to inhibit alpha-glucosidase activity as a potential beverage to control blood glucose levels. However, the effects of the daily infusion style of green tea on tea catechins and their activity remain unclear. In this study, the extraction efficiency of catechins was investigated for 12 green tea extracts (GTEs) infused with 70% ethanol (70% EtOH for 24 h, a favored solvent for catechin extraction), room temperature water infusion (RT H2O for 24 h, an easy way to drink tea), and hot water infusion (Hot H2O for 90 s, a standard way to drink tea). Eight catechins were quantified by HPLC, and the inhibitory effect of GTEs and their catechins on alpha-glucosidase was measured with both rat intestinal enzymes and human Caco-2 cells. The inhibitory mechanism was further analyzed in silico by docking catechins to human alpha-glucosidase using Molecular Operating Environment software. The results showed that total catechins and gallate catechins were efficiently extracted in the order of 70% EtOH, RT H2O, and Hot H2O, and the inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase also followed a similar order. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of GTEs was significantly positively correlated with the contents of total catechins, especially gallate catechins. Gallate catechins, such as EGCg and ECg, showed lower IC50 values than free catechins for the enzyme in both rats and humans. In silico simulation revealed that gallate catechins were bound to the different sites with free catechins, and the docking energy of gallate catechins was lower than that of free catechins. Taken together, our data indicated that the daily infusion style of green tea significantly impacted the extraction efficiency and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of catechins, which will give us insight into the use of green tea catechins for glycemic control through efficient infusion.

IN-VITRO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF SWIETENIA MAHAGONI (L). SEEDS AND ITS DIFFERENT FRACTION WITH ISOLATED COMPOUNDS

Active compounds of Swietenia mahagoni seed have power as anti diabetic that can be used in diabetes mellitus treatment. S. mahagoni seeds were extracted using methanol-maceration, followed by partitioning with petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CL), ethyl acetate (EA), and dia-ion resin (DR). Column chromatography was used to further separate the dia-ion Resin fraction in order to get isolate purer compounds. One of the strategies is maintaining postprandial glucose level through inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. So that pre-prandial and post-prandial glucose levels can be controlled properly. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro inhibitory activity of Swietenia mahagoni seed by α-glucosidase, α-amylase. Inhibitory activity was measured using spectrophotometric method, α-amylase activity was measured at λ = 540 nm, α-glucosidase activity measured at λ = 405 nm. DRF inhibit both α-glucosidase and α-amylase better than acarbose as a positive control. This study showed that some extracts and some isolated compounds have inhibition activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. According to the findings, DR fraction (IC-50 = 328.22μg/mL) had a higher level of alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity than acarbose (IC-50 = 336.95μg/mL). The six DR fractions compounds were separated using column chromatography. The DR fraction (40.62%), (50.39%), showed the highest inhibition activity.

Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Garcinia cowa Roxb. extracts from leaves, fruit rind, and stem bark in different solvents

The objective of this investigation was to assess the antioxidant and antidiabetic abilities of Garcinia cowa Roxb., a Thai native plant that has a history of use in traditional medicine in several countries. To achieve this goal, different plant parts, such as the leaves, fruit rind, and stem bark, were subjected to extraction with hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol using the maceration method. The Folin-Ciocalteu technique was used to quantify the extracts' total phenolic content (TPC). The antioxidant assays, including DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, and antidiabetic properties through the alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory capacities of different extracts from G. cowa were assessed. The results revealed that the stem bark extracted with ethyl acetate displayed the highest level of TPC at 153.68 mg GAE/100 g DW. Compared to the other extracts, the stem bark ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays with values of 436.86, 359.17, and 526.98 µmol TE/100 g DW, respectively. Further examination of the antidiabetic effects of stem bark extract in ethyl acetate exhibited the highest alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 12.54, and 8.48 mg/mL, respectively. The findings of this research provide initial indications that G. cowa has both antioxidant and antidiabetic attributes and could be viewed as a potential therapeutic agent for managing diabetes.