Alpha Internal Consistency Coefficient Research Articles

Development of the Reasoning Ways Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the reasoning ways of university students. The study was carried out in two separate stages consisting of the pilot and main application in the 2020-2021 academic year. In the main application, the analysis was made on the data obtained from 378 university students. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed for the construct validity of the scale; Average Explained Variance [Average Variance Extracted (AVE)], square root of AVE, Composite Reliability [CR], Maximum Shared Variance [Maximum Squared Variance (MSV)], Average Squared Shared Variance [(Average Shared Square Variance (ASV)] and inter-construct correlations were calculated for convergent and divergent validities. The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency and CR coefficients were calculated to examine the reliability. The Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis results showed that the scale had a seven-factor structure (deductive, inductive, analogical, heuristic, algebraic, historical, and verbal) and consisted of 21 items. Convergent and divergent validity of the scale was proved by examining AVE, square root of AVE, CR, MSV, ASV values, and inter-construct correlation coefficients. Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability coefficients which were calculated for the whole scale and each sub-dimension indicated that the scale was reliable. The results reveal that the Reasoning Ways Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Developing a Scale in the junction of Religiousness and Moral Disapproval of Pornography

The development process and validity and reliability studies of the "Moral Disapproval of Pornography Scale" (MDSS) are described in this study. Moral disapproval of pornography use, one of the three components of the Anti-Pornography Problems Associated with Moral Inconsistency (APPM) model, refers to the psychological difficulties created by individuals' pornography use that contradicts their moral beliefs about pornography. This incongruence is shown to have a moderating role between individual’s self-perception of addiction and their psychological well-being. In studies conducted abroad, it is seen that the phenomenon in question is examined with instruments consisting of moral and religious oriented items. These items were reconstructed according to the conditions of our country and turned into a scale that people with different religious beliefs and practices can easily answer. The exploratory factor analysis of the obtained scale was conducted with 634 participants. Subsequently, a confirmatory factor analysis of the scale was performed with a second sample of 580 individuals. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was calculated as .862, indicating good reliability. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that 71% of the total variance was explained and the items loaded onto a single factor. In the confirmatory factor analysis, acceptable fit indices [χ2 / df = 1.81, RMSEA = .005, AGFI = 0.97, CFI = 0.99, GFI = 0.98, RMR = 0.02] were obtained. In conclusion, the Pornography Moral Disapproval Scale (PMDS) was found to be a valid and reliable measure.

Adaptation of the Environmental Worry Index into Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study on Teacher Candidates

Purpose: In the present research, it was aimed to adapt the Environmental Worry Index (EWI) developed by Oguntayo et al. (2023) into Turkish. Methodology: The study was conducted with the participation of 508 teacher candidates. Exploratory graph analysis (EGA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed for the validity studies. The reliability of the measurements collected via the Turkish form of the scale was examined via the Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient. Corrected item total correlations were calculated for item discrimination, and Ferguson Delta was computed to provide a discrimination index for the entire scale. Findings: The EGA outputs and the results of parallel analysis run within the scope of EFA revealed a single-factor structure unlike the two-dimensional original form of the scale. In EFA, the variance explained for the single-factor solution was determined as 45.80% and the factor loadings ranged between .44 and .80. The CFA results showed that the fit indices for the unidimensional model were within the recommended limits and the factor loadings of the items varied between .41 and .71. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was estimated as .84 and corrected item total correlations ranged between .36 and .62. The Ferguson’s delta statistic, on the other hand, was found to be .95. Highlights: The results obtained provide evidence that the measurements collected through the Turkish form of the EWI have adequate psychometric properties.

THE ONLINE DATING INTENSITY SCALE (ODI): VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF TURKISH FORM

The main purpose of the current research is to adapt the Online Dating Intensity Scale (CFAS), developed by Bloom and Taylor (2019) to evaluate the frequency of use of individuals using online dating programs, into Turkish and to conduct reliability and validity studies of the scale. The sample of the research consists of 110 participants who have previously used and/or are currently using any online dating program. Within the scope of the current study, the original form of the scale was translated into Turkish by experts, and the back-translation was made by experts fluent in both languages. For the validity and reliability analyses of the scale, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was examined for construct validity, and Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient and Composite Reliability (CR) coefficients were examined for reliability analyses. Research findings revealed that the two-factor solution was confirmed in Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). In addition, the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient of the scale is 0.92, and the Composite Reliability (CR) coefficients are 0.86 for the attitudes and 0.71 for intensity sub-dimensions. As a result, it was concluded that the scale has very good psychometric properties and allows a valid and reliable assessment of the intensity of online dating experiences in Turkish culture.

The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professions Students

Objective: The study is aimed to study for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for undergraduate health profession students (JSE-HPS).
 Methods: Cultural adaptation of JSE-HPS was carried out in 5 stages according to the protocol of Beaton et al.JSE-HPS was administered to students who educated in the departments of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Nursing and Health Management. The reliability of JSE-HPS was evaluated by internal consistency and test-retest analysis using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Criterion validity assessed by comparing the scores of JSE-HPS and Emphatic Tendency Scale (ETS). An analysis of construct validity was carried out by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
 Results: The exploratory factor analysis revealed the presence of three factors that explain 44.68% of the total variance and that correspond to the dimensions of the original scale. Following factor structures were obtained as “Perspective taking”, “Compassionate care” and “Standing in patient's shoes”. Turkish version of JSE-HPS total score were significantly correlated with the ETS total score (r=0.187, p=.005). The Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency coefficient was found α = .793. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.86. The confirmatory factor analysis verified a good fit of the model (χ2/df = 1.776).
 Conclusion: The Turkish version of JSE-HPS is a valid and reliable scale for evaluating empathy levels of undergraduate health professions students.

Investigation of The Relationship Between International Students’ Levels of Cultural Intelligence and Their Intercultural Sensitivity and Acculturation

The aim of the present research is to investigate the relation between the cultural intelligence levels of international students and their acculturation and intercultural sensitivity levels. The research was conducted with a total of 353 female and 282 male participants studying at Bursa Uludağ University. The participants were students from different countries and from different ethnic origins. Scales for measuring intercultural sensitivity, cultural intelligence, and acculturation, as well as a personal information form, were employed in the research, which used a correlational survey model inside a quantitative research design. In the analysis of the data, confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to analyze the construct validity of the scales, and to examine the reliability, the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficients were calculated and interpreted. While investigating the relationships between the scores obtained from the scales in the study, the Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient was calculated and regression analysis was implemented when examining the predictive status between the scores. According to the results of the current research, there was a low-level positive relationship between international students' levels of cultural intelligence and acculturation and a moderately positive relationship between their levels of cultural intelligence and intercultural sensitivity.

Kumar Oynama Eğilimi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Bu araştırma Yalova Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde eğitim-öğretimine devam eden öğrencilerin kumar oynamaya yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek, kumar aşerme düzeylerini ölçmek ve farklı değişkenler açısından incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma grubu, 85 kadın ve 143 erkek olmak üzere toplam 228 gönüllü katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formunun yanı sıra Buran, Çakıcı, Çakır ve Yılmaz (2019) tarafından Türk kültürüne uygun güvenirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması yapılan, tek faktör ve 7’li likert tipindeki “Kumar Aşerme Ölçeği” (KAÖ) kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin mevcut örneklem grubu için güvenirlilik düzeyini belirlemek için Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlılık katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Güvenilir olduğu tespit edilen ölçeğin normal dağılıma uymadığı belirlenmiş ve testlerin sınanmasında non-parametrik test teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda örneklem grubunun serbest zamanı sıklıkla değerlendirme durumu değişkeni açısından KAÖ ortalama puanının anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular, cinsiyet, haftalık serbest zaman süresi, aktif olarak spor yapma durumu ve yaş değişkeni açısından incelendiğinde ise anlamlı farklılık olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi’ndeki öğrencilerin düşük düzeyde kumar bağımlılığına yönelik tutum içerisinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca serbest zamanı pasif olarak değerlendiren bireylerin kumar bağımlılığına yönelik tutumlarının daha yüksek seviyede olduğu görülmüştür.

Picture analysis of billboards and infographic graphics advertising COVID-19 on promoting preventive behaviors and taking vaccination against the Coronavirus disease pandemic

Today, advertising science is a tool that helps advertisers to design their advertising to meet the needs of the audience. In this regard, knowing and understanding the audience is one of the most important points that advertisers should pay attention to before advertising in order to better attract the audience. This study has been done with the aim of billboards and infographics analysis related to promoting preventive behaviors and vaccination against the Coronavirus disease pandemic and investigating the opinion of the general adult population of Iran. The method used in this research is the qualitative method. In this research, according to the type of data and research goals, Kress and Van Leeuwen’s discourse theory method has been used. The sample size includes 36 advertising billboards and infographics. Data collection has been done through searching the sites and websites of health networks and medical education centers in Iran, taking pictures of infographics and billboards in public places, and also receiving archive files of pictures from the public relations of health networks and medical services. The data was collected from February 19, 2020 to December 30, 2022 (the time frame of the pandemic and public vaccination program in Iran). Then, an online survey about promoting preventive behaviors and taking vaccination against the Coronavirus disease pandemic was designed in SurveyMonkey and its link was provided to the audience through virtual networks and other platforms. The assessment of validity involved experts in infection control and linguistics. The reliability of the measurement, determined through the Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient, yielded a coefficient of 0.968. In this study, data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 15.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Finally, users’ opinions about of billboards and infographics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of component analysis and surveys show that visual components such as «The staring look at the spectator (Demand)», «Head-on Shot (inclusion)», «Down Shot (Creating a sense of participation for the represented person)», «Close-up (intimate/individual relationship)», «Level Shot (equality)» and «High-Angle Shot (Presenting power)» in medical advertising has had a great impact in arousing public opinion to create a positive attitude towards preventive measures and vaccination during the Coronavirus disease epidemic. The results of this research show that in visual communication, visual components play a significant role in creating and maintaining target ideologies. Also, advertising in the field of preventive measures in medical sciences requires certain rules that determine people’s culture and the main foundation of their attitude and thinking. Therefore, it is necessary to know such knowledge and learn it by the medical staff to deal with critical situations.

Scale Development Study on the Perception of Responsibility for Providing Professional Value for Prospective Teachers

In this study, it was aimed to develop a measurement tool with validity and reliability to determine the perceptions of academicians working in faculties of education about their responsibility to provide pre-service teachers with professional values. In order to create the necessary item pool for the scale, the literature was reviewed and in this context, a question pool of 44 items was created and expert opinions were taken. After the revisions in the items, Lawshe Technique was used to determine the content validity. 300 faculty members were administered the scale and a data set was obtained, which was analyzed for validity and reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to reveal the construct validity of the scale, Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient, item-total score correlation and two-half test reliability methods were used to ensure the reliability of the scale, and lower 27%-upper 27% independent groups t-test was used for the discrimination of the scale. As a result of EFA, a 26-item, 3-factor structure emerged. This structure explains 59.647% of the total variance of the scale. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient for the reliability of the scale was found to be 0.952. It was observed that the item total correlation values were high and positive above 0.5 and the correlation values of all items were above 0.30, which is recommended as the lower limit. According to the results of the two-half test reliability analysis, the correlation coefficient between the equivalent halves was found to be 0.942. As a result of the t-test between the scores of the upper 27% and lower 27% groups in order to examine the discrimination of the scale items, it was found that the difference between the groups was significant at α=.000 level.

Text analysis of billboards and infographic graphics advertising COVID-19 on promoting preventive behaviors and taking vaccination against the coronavirus pandemic and investigating the opinions of the Iranian adult population

BackgroundAdvertising is one of the most important solutions that health centers and medical services around the world use to try to encourage public opinion to create a positive attitude towards preventive measures and vaccination. This study has been done with the aim of text analysis of billboards and infographics related to promoting preventive behaviors and vaccination against the coronavirus pandemic and providing solutions and models for preventive information and advertising in the field of health.MethodsThe study method in this research is a combination of qualitative and content analysis. Data collection was done in a targeted manner. The sample size includes 33 advertising billboards and infographics. Data collection has been done through searching the sites and websites of health networks and medical education centers in Iran, taking pictures of infographics and billboards in public places, and also receiving archive files of pictures from the public relations of health networks and medical services. The data was collected from February 19, 2020 to December 30, 2022 (the time frame of the pandemic and public vaccination program in Iran). The data was analyzed based on the three-dimensional discourse analysis theory of Fairclough. Then, an online survey about promoting preventive behaviors and vaccination against the coronavirus pandemic in the format of billboards and infographics was designed in SurveyMonkey and its link was provided to the audience through virtual networks and other platforms. The age group of people was selected from 18 to 70 years. Considering that the number of participants should be representative of the entire community under investigation, therefore, based on Cochran’s formula, the sample size was equal to 350 people. Finally, users’ opinions were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The assessment of validity involved experts in infection control and linguistics. The reliability of the measurement, determined through the Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient, yielded a coefficient of 0.968.ResultsThe results show that among the four linguistic components of words, syntax, coherence and text structure; “live metaphors”, “pronoun “we”, “collocation and reference”, and “attitude markers” have the most impact on the audience. The frequency percentage of the data shows that these language elements have tremendous power in attracting the audience to perform preventive behaviors. The results show that the language reflects the culture, opinions and needs of people in the society. Also, the results show that encouraging people to perform preventive behaviors should be through the integration of medical information with motivational linguistic factors in order to attract the audience more.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that the use of the appropriate pattern of medical advertising discourse and correct communication strategies, will help public participation in the field of epidemic control. The language of effective health education and health communication during an epidemic must be related to the ways of thinking and speaking of ordinary people. Also, words with metaphorical and ironic meanings have a high potential to influence the health performance of people in society and increase public awareness of health communication. Therefore, using them to create a new value system with the aim of controlling and overcoming the consequences of the epidemic is very effective.

The Degree of Practicing Talent Management by Principals of the Northeastern Badia Schools from the Teachers' Point of View

The study aimed to identify the degree of practicing talent management by principals of the Northeastern Badia schools from the teachers' point of view. A questionnaire was built as it contained (21) items, distributed over three areas: namely (attracting talents, developing talents, and retaining talents). The study population consisted of (3048) teachers. The sample included (422) respondents. The descriptive survey method was used. The validity and reliability of the tool were verified by calculating the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient and the reliability of the repetition. The results showed that the degree of talent management practice was moderate, and that there were no statistically significant differences between the arithmetic means due to the variable of gender and educational qualification. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences between the arithmetic means due to the experience variable and in favor of the category of service from five years - less than ten years. In light of these results, The researchers recommend that the school administration should provide a suitable environment for the talented that allows them to apply their ideas and achieve their initiatives.

The Scale of Effective Decision-Making in Sport (SEDMS): Validity and Reliability Study

The aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool that measures the level of influence in decision-making of licensed athletes aged 18 years and above who are active in sports. In the stages of creating the candidate form of the scale, writing essays by athletes, scale literature review, and interviews with focus groups were carried out within the scope of "qualitative steps", while hypothesis analyses and validity and reliability analyses were carried out within the scope of "quantitative steps". The expert opinion form prepared with 42 items in the item pool was presented to the experts for their evaluation according to the Lawshe technique. After the expert feedback, 15 items were removed, and 27 items remained. Trial scale form was administered online to 806 active licensed athletes aged 18 and over. Then, the basic assumptions of EFA were tested within the scope of quantitative steps; because of EFA, a 2 dimensional structure consisting of a total of 15 items was obtained. To examine the psychological construct validity of the SECVS, new data were obtained from 493 active licensed athletes by re-collecting data with the 15-item final form formed after EFA and CFA was performed. After CFA, the standardized loadings of the sub-dimensions, the estimated error variances of the variables, the T-values of all items and the goodness of fit values of the model were examined and it was determined that the 2 factor structure of the scale consisting of 15 items was confirmed as a model. In addition, when the convergent and divergent validity and convergent reliability values of the scale were examined after CFA, it was concluded that this scale had values in accordance with the criteria. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as .87 for the ''External Decision Making'' sub-dimension and .85 for the ''Internal Decision Making'' sub-dimension. It was concluded that the SDEQ is a valid and reliable scale for measuring the decision-making effectiveness of athletes aged 18 and over.

Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ): validity and reliability of Turkish version

ObjectivesThe aims of this study are to make the Turkish validity and reliability of the scale that explain why caffeine intake. Additionally, it is crucial to highlight that the adaptation of the scale involved a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate its structure and the need for this adaptation in the Turkish context.Materials and methodsThe study was carried out with a total of 200 university students, comprised of 93.5% female and 6.5% male participants, with a mean age of 21.74 ± 6.15 years who were actively studying in the faculties of the universities who accepted to participate voluntarily in the study were included. The Turkish version of the Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ) scale and the MCCQ was used as the data collection tools. To evaluate the statistical analysis findings, the margin of error was taken as 5%. The entire application was carried out with the R-project software. CFA was used to test the adaptation of the MCCQ scale from English to Turkish.ResultsThe alpha internal consistency coefficient for the whole scale was calculated as 0.959. Just like the original scale, the Turkish version shows a six-factor structure: habit, alertness, mood, social, taste, and symptom management. In MCCQ-TR, it showed a low level of positive correlation with Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). For the final scale with 23 items and 6 sub-dimensions, it was determined that the fit indices were at an acceptable level, and the internal consistency was highly reliable for all sub-dimensions and the total scale.ConclusionsIt has been determined that the Turkish version of the MCCQ is a valid and reliable measurement tool to operationalize the motives of caffeine consumption and to reveal possible differences in the motives regarding gender, age, and the type of caffeinated products consumed. The use of CFA in adapting the scale ensures the robustness of the structural validity in the Turkish context, making this adaptation a valuable contribution to the field.

Practical Intelligence - an Atypical Empirical Test

Using an empirical correlation non-experimental desing, the goal of the research was to examine the possibility of an atypical approach to measuring practical intelligence based on Sternberg's Theory of Successful Intelligence, within which practical intelligence in the school context is defined as the ability to think practically - translating theory into practice and abstract ideas into practical realization. It started from the following research questions and their corresponding hypoteses: (1) is it possible to measure practical intelligence by creating a valid and reliable instrument, atypical in terms of previous approaches and official, formal measurements and maesures of practical intelligence; (2) if such a possibility exists, what level of practical intelligence, in terms of the given criterion, do the participants exhibit inrelation to gender, age, type of study attendence and school success, and do they statistically significantly differ in this sense? A total of 14 male and 50 female students (N=64) of the Department of Pedagogy of the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Sarajevo and the Academy of Music of the University of Sarajevo, with an average age of M=19.23 (SD=.99), were asked about basic demographic variables, school success and practical intelligence. The validaty of the Practical Intelligence Questionnaire was tested using a maximum likelihood factor analysis. The criteria, of which KMO test (.825) and Bartlett test χ (105) = 323.050, p<.001, communality ≥ .40 and χ test values, in the third step indicated an acceptable two-factor solution: χ (76) = 77,611; p = .427. Two interpretable factors that positively correlate with each other (r=.27, p<0.01) were singled out, explaining a total of 47.35% of the variance based on which, in addition to the total - SPM, scale of practical thinking, two subscales - SSPM1 and SSPM2 were formed. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of internal consistency as a measure of reliability was satisfactory on the total measure of practical intelligence (SPM α = .86) and the cognitive-motivational measure of practical intelligence (SSPM1α = .88), while the reliability criterion of minimum α = .70 was not reached on the measure emotional practical intelligence (SSPM2 α = .56). Thus, it could be strated that the first hypotesis - about the validity and reliability of the Questionnaire on practical thinking - was almost completely confirmed. The achieved level of practical intelligence, expressed through all three measures (SPM, SSPM1 and SSPM2), was above avarage considering the set criteria in both strata of the sample. There were no statistically significant relationships between these levels in relation to gender, age and school success, expect when it comes to the type of study, where the students of the Music Academy achieved higher scores on the scale of emotional practical intelligence. Thus, the second hypotesis about the average level of practical intelligence and the disconnection with other research variables was partially confirmed. It is therefore possible to measure practical intelligence atypically, informally, but psychologically and psychometrically based. Since, as far as is known, this is the first such attempt, the results about the above-average practical intelligence of student cannot be generalized or fully accepted without thorough further questioning.

Turkish adaptation of motivation scale for instructional podcast material

The study aims to adapt the Instructional Podcast Material Motivation Scale developed by Asoodar et al. (2014) into Turkish. The study group consists of Cag University Preparatory Year students. The original scale is in English and is a five- point Likert-type tool consisting of a total of 36 items in four dimensions. For the adaptation study, language validity was ensured. The findings obtained from the CFA regarding the construct validity of the scale support the four-factor structure in the original study. As a result of the analysis, the scale consists of 31 items and 4 sub-dimensions. The sub-dimensions of the scale are Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients for the whole scale (.95) and the sub-dimensions of Attention (.78), Interest (.91), Confidence (.75), and Satisfaction (.93) are high. The results of the analysis show that the scale is valid and reliable in determining students' motivation levels for podcast material.

Digital Leisure Time Tendency Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the "Digital Leisure Time Tendency Scale (DLTTS)". The DLTTS was applied to a total of 1354 people, 648 women and 706 men. The Key Components Factor Analysis, which was carried out following the direct oblimin conversion of the participants' tendency scores to digital leisure activities in order to test the validity of the factor structure of the DLTTS, supports the 4-factor structure and explains 56.52% of the scale. The DLTTS consists of 4 sub-dimensions and 18 items in total, namely "Communication" (6 items), "Social Interaction" (5 items), "Psychological Tendency" (4), and "Application Usage" (3 items) sub-dimensions. Participants attitudes towards digital leisure activities are evaluated on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The KMO value of the scale was found to be 0.866. Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated for four sub-dimensions and the total scale. Accordingly, Communication = .79, Social Interaction = .78, Psychological Tendency: .80, and Application Usage = .65. The total reliability coefficient of the scale is quite reliable (α= .83). In conclusion, the Digital Leisure Time Tendency Scale reveals that it is a valid and reliable scale for assessing the digital leisure time Tendency of individuals over the age of 18.Keywords: Digital Leisure Time, Reliability, Tendency, Validity

Victim Sensitivity in Romantic Relationship Scale (VSRRS): A Scale Development Study

The main aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool that possesses both validity and reliability in order to comprehend the perception of justice sensitivity within romantic relationships among married adults. The study focuses specifically on the examination of victim sensitivity, which constitutes one of the dimensions of justice sensitivity. The participants in this research comprised a total of 325 adults for the purpose of exploratory factor analysis, while 410 adults were involved for confirmatory factor analysis.The outcomes of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) disclosed a unidimensional structure consisting of 17 items. Furthermore, the model fit indices derived from the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the suitability of the one-factor solution. To assess the construct validity of the scale, CFA and item-total correlations were employed. The item-total correlations ranged from 0.43 to 0.69. Reliability analysis of the scale involved the computation of Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient and Composite Reliability-CR. The results revealed a Cronbach's alpha value of .90 and a CR value of .90, indicating high internal consistency and reliability of the scale. In conclusion, based on the rigorous evaluation of validity and reliability, it can be deduced that the Victim Sensitivity in Romantic Relationships Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing victim sensitivity in the context of romantic relationships within the Turkish culture.

Çocuklar İçin Dijital Bağımlılık Ölçeğini Türkçeye Uyarlama Çalışması

The aim of this study is to adapt the 'Digital Addiction Scale for Children,' developed by Hawi, Samaha, and Griffiths (2019), into Turkish to create a valid and reliable measurement tool for determining the levels of digital addiction among 4th-grade primary school students. For the adaptation of the scale into Turkish, 771 4th-grade primary school students from the central districts of Mersin province were included in the study using a convenient sampling method. First, the translation of the scale into Turkish was carried out with the support of language and field experts. Subsequently, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to establish construct validity. According to the results of the conducted CFA, it was found that the structure of the 'Digital Addiction Scale for Children', consisting of 25 items and 9 subscales, had good model fit indices. The Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient for the reliability of the scale was calculated as .95 for the entire scale. Based on the findings obtained in the study, it can be stated that the 'Digital Addiction Scale for Children' is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine the levels of digital addiction among primary school students in Turkey.

Learners’ Language Learning Style Preferences, Class Level, Gender, and Using Mobile Apps for EFL Learning Among Tunisian University Students

Currently, the utilization of mobile devices and more specifically mobile language applications is a current ongoing tendency. In line with this trend, this study investigated the linkage between language learning style preferences, class level, and gender on the one hand and the use of mobile applications for EFL learning among university students in Tunisia on the other hand. The considered variables were gauged using a Likert-scale response format questionnaire. The subjects were 180 Tunisian university students at the Higher Institute of Management of Gabes aged 19 to 28. Two data analysis procedures were used: namely, the Spearman Rho correlation giving insight into the correlations among the study variables, and the alpha internal consistency coefficient informing about the reliability of its instrument. Based on the study findings, students’ language learning style preferences proved to have a direct bearing on the use of mobile applications for EFL learning. Concerning the link between class level and mobile applications for EFL learning use, no meaningful relationships were registered between these two variables. As regards the correlation between gender and the use of mobile applications for EFL learning, no significant difference was detected between male students and their female counterparts. Through the achieved results, it is recommended that the interrelationship between students' differences and the use of mobile applications for EFL learning is a field of research that merits further scientific exploration to shed more light on the existing literature regarding the use of mobile applications for EFL learning.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Emotional Communication in Hearing Questionnaire.

The Emotional Communication in Hearing Questionnaire (EMO-CHeQ) is designed to evaluate awareness of vocal emotion information and perception of emotion. This study sought to translate the EMO-CHeQ into Turkish in accordance with international standards and to ascertain its validity and reliability statistically by administering it to native Turkish-speaking subjects. This empirical study involved collecting data from participants using a scale. A total of 460 individuals, comprising 158 women and 302 men (Mage = 33.43 ± 13.14 years), participated. The data encompassed 295 subjects with normal hearing, 101 hearing aid users, and 64 cochlear implant users. Exploratory factor analysis, followed by confirmatory factor analysis, was employed to ensure construct validity. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha reliability analysis, and content validity was applied to examine how effectively the Turkish version of the scale fulfilled its intended purpose. The total Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was .949, and the explained variance was 74.385%. The Turkish version of the EMO-CHeQ demonstrated high construct validity, internal consistency, and explanatory efficacy. The scale revealed significant differences (p < .05) in emotional communication among the normal-hearing group, hearing aid users, and cochlear implant users. The Turkish adaptation of the EMO-CHeQ is a credible and robust tool for evaluating how individuals perceive emotion in speech. Emotion perception was found to be suboptimal among hearing aid users compared to cochlear implant users, although it was most proficient in those with normal hearing. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24520624.