Aloe Vera Gel Research Articles

Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of healthy juices containing aloe vera gel and probiotics and their antidiabetic effects on albino rats.

The consumption of fruit and vegetable juices is widely recognized as a healthy choice across all age groups. Orange, carrot, and aloe vera are renowned for their functional properties and health benefits. In this study, we investigated the potential incorporation of aloe vera gel into blended orange and carrot juices. We also evaluated the resulting mixed probiotic juices (chemical, microbiological, and sensory aspects) during a 14-day storage period at refrigerator temperature. The chemical composition and phytochemical structure of aloe vera gel were examined, followed by an assessment of the biological effects of these healthy juices on diabetic albino rats. The results indicated improvements in total soluble solids, reducing sugars, and total sugars with increasing storage duration. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that incorporating aloe vera into the natural mixed juices enhanced their phytochemical quality. The treatment supplemented with aloe vera gel gave the highest total content of phenolic and flavonoid substances, which were 310 mg of GAE/100 g and 175 mg of quercetin/100 g, respectively. Probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bb12, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299V, and Lactobacillus acidophilus L10) exhibited good viable cell counts in orange and mixed orange and carrot probiotics juices with viable counts of 7.42-8.07 log CFU/mL. Regarding sensory attributes, the study found that increasing the ratio of orange juice improved the taste while increasing the ratio of carrot juice enhanced the color in juice mixtures. Incorporation of aloe vera into mixed natural juices also enhanced the reduction of blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, creatinine, ALT, AST, and urea levels while increasing total protein and HDL levels in diabetic rats. Based on these findings, oranges, carrots, and aloe vera offer the potential to produce new, flavorful, nutritious, and appealing juices. Moreover, this study determined that a functional juice with favorable sensory properties can be created by blending 75% orange juice, 20% carrot juice, and 5% aloe vera gel. Additionally, aloe vera demonstrated greater efficacy as an antidiabetic agent in rats. Further research is suggested to explore the potential advantages of aloe vera gel and probiotic juices in mitigating diabetes and other metabolic syndromes.

Therapeutic effects of OXY- ExoAloe in diabetic wound injury

Delayed wound healing are common complications for diabetic patients. In light of chronic hypoxia's delay in wound healing, it is hypothesized that providing a better oxygen environment at the wound site will promote diabetic wound healing. OXY-ExoAloe is an innovative and effective therapy prepared from exosome-like vesicles of aloe vera gel, ginger juice and neem fruit sap. A combination of three herbal, oxygen-delivering and medicinally valued plants was standardized to determine if the combination had the desired effect. Interestingly, when we used OXY-ExoAloe at a particular ratio on a diabetic wound, the herbal therapy speeded up wound healing by reducing swelling, and the severity of the wound. Further, our data suggests that OXY-ExoAloe promoted wound healing by increasing wound oxygenation, reducing inflammation, cytokine production, and matrix remodeling. It is also safe and effective, with no reported side effects.

Study of the Incorporation of Gel and Aloe vera Peel Extract in a Polymer Matrix Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone.

The development of dressings based on electrospun membranes with polymers and plant extracts is an interesting approach to skin regeneration, providing elements to prevent contamination and a matrix that accelerates the healing process. We developed a membrane composed of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), gel and Aloe vera peel extract via the electrospinning technique. Additionally, an optimal ratio of PVP/Av gel/Av skin extract was determined to facilitate membrane formation. Electrospun membranes were obtained with fiber diameters of 1403 ± 57.4 nm for the PVP and 189.2 ± 11.4 nm for PVP/Av gel/Av peel extract, confirming that the use of extracts generally reduced the fiber diameter. The incorporation of gel and peel extract of Aloe vera into the electrospun membrane was analyzed via FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopies. FTIR revealed the presence of functional groups associated with phenolic compounds such as aloin, aloe-emodin, emodin and aloesin, which was confirmed by UV-Vis, revealing absorption bands corresponding to aloin, phenols and carbonyl groups. This finding provides evidence of the effective integration and prevalence of bioactive compounds of a phenolic and polysaccharide nature from the gel and the Av skin extract in the electrospun fibers, resulting in an advanced membrane that could improve and accelerate the healing process and protect the wound from bacterial infections.

In vivo and in vitro efficacy of the ithmid kohl/zinc-oxide nanoparticles, ithmid kohl/Aloe vera, and zinc-oxide nanoparticles/Aloe vera for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the ithmid kohl/zinc-oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), ithmid kohl/Aloe vera, and ZnONPs/Aloe vera in the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. The endophthalmitis model was prepared by contaminating both eyes of 24 healthy adult male albino rabbits with a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The animals were randomly divided into eight groups (A-H) according to the treatment. Group A received 1 ml of ithmid kohl/ZnONPs ointment, group B received 1 ml of ithmid kohl/Aloe vera gel ointment, group C received 1 ml of ZnONPs/Aloe vera gel ointment, and groups D, E, and F were treated with 1 ml of ithmid kohl solution (0.5 g/ml in distilled water), 1 ml of ZnONPs (0.5 g/ml) colloidal dispersion, and 1 ml of Aloe vera gel, respectively. Group G received 100 μl of a tetracycline antibiotic solution (final concentration: 16 µg/ml), and group H received sterile distilled water (no treatment). In vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated against K. pneumoniae using the agar well diffusion. The combination of ithmid kohl/ZnONPs was the most effective formulation for treating endophthalmitis model in infected rabbits within 2 days. In vitro antibacterial assay confirmed the potential of the ithmid kohl/ZnONPs formulation, which had the largest zone of inhibition (31 mm) among the compounds tested. The preparation of the ithmid kohl/ZnONPs formulation and its in vivo experiment in albino rabbits for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis was an innovative approach that has shown promise and may potentially serve as a viable alternative in clinical practice.

Therapeutic effect of NEO400, perillyl alcohol conjugated to linoleic acid, in a mouse model of UV-induced skin damage.

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes harmful effects on human skin. Pre-exposure application of sunscreen can be protective, but not after damage already has occurred. There is a need for agents that can be applied post-UVR exposure to repair the damage. We investigated a novel compound, NEO400, that appears to meet this medicinal need. NEO400 was created by conjugating linoleic acid to perillyl alcohol. UVR was repeatedly administered to the skin of mice over several weeks, where it caused the typical signs of UV damage, including scaling of the skin, DNA damage, and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines. However, when NEO400 was applied immediately post-UVR, it triggered the appearance of markers for dermal stem cell proliferation, and no signs of skin damage emerged. Furthermore, when NEO400 was applied to skin that already had incurred significant damage, it accelerated skin healing. When applied individually, linoleic acid and perillyl alcohol were ineffective, indicating that they had to be conjugated in order to exert therapeutic efficacy. None of these skin-protective effects could be achieved with Aloe vera gel, a popular and widely used post-exposure remedy. Our study suggests that NEO400 holds potential as a regenerative treatment for excessively UVR-exposed skin.

Effect of Epidermal Mucous Secretion of Earthworms and other Selected Organic Substances on Rooting of Semi-Hardwood Cuttings of <em>Citrus aurantifolia</em> and Top Cuttings of <em>Dracaena sanderiana</em>

A recent trend in plant growth and propagation is to use natural substances rather than synthetic plant growth regulators. Two experiments were conducted to find out the effect of epidermal mucous secretion (EMS) of earthworms and other organic substances including Aloe vera gel, coconut water and ripe banana on rooting of semi-hardwood cuttings of Citrus aurantifolia and top cuttings of Dracaena sanderiana compared to commercially available plant growth regulators (PGRs). Eleven treatments were prepared using sole application of EMS solution, Aloe vera gel, coconut water and ripe banana, and mixtures of EMS and other organic substances in two different ratios by allocating equal and more inputs from EMS. The present experiments were set up adopting a completely randomized design. The number of roots per cutting, total root length per cutting (cm), length of the longest root per cutting (cm) and root vigor score were recorded for both plant species where destructive sampling was done at two months after planting for C. aurantifolia and one and two months after planting for D. sanderiana. The number of roots per cutting, length of the longest root per cutting and the root vigor score were significantly greater in the control treatment that used commercially available PGR and the cuttings treated with EMS: coconut water (1:1) for C. aurantifolia suggesting the possibility to us EMS and coconut water mixture to substitute the PGR for root induction in C. aurantifolia. The number of roots, total root length and the length of the longest root per cutting were significantly high in the treatments administrated with Aloe vera gel, ripe banana, and a mixture of EMS: ripe bananas (1:1) together with the PGR at two months after planting for D. sanderiana. Hence, the ingredients listed above could be utilized as alternative organic substances to produce adventurous roots in D. sanderiana top cuttings as same as the PGR. The results of the present study could be extremely valuable for developing a unique organic rooting replacement for the synthetic root inducing materials for C. aurantifolia and D. sanderiana. Nonetheless, additional research is required to validate the results of this study.

Antioxidant and antielastase activities of antiaging granules containing aloe vera (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) and rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.)

Abstract Skin aging can be overcome with natural ingredients acting as antiaging agents. Several compounds in aloe vera gel (Aloe vera) and rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa) have antiaging activity. This study aims to determine the effect of granule products containing combinations of aloe vera gel and rosella in a 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 ratio on the physical and chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and antielastase activities. This study used a laboratory experimental research design using a completely randomized design (CRD). Solubility time, color, and viscosity tests were used to determine the physical characteristics. Moisture content, pH, total anthocyanins, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, total polysaccharide, o-acetyl polysaccharide, antioxidant, and antielastase were used to determine the chemical characteristics. Antioxidant and antielastase were used to determine the antiaging activity of granules. The result revealed that the combination of aloe vera gel and rosella at 1:3 significantly increased antioxidant and antielastase activity of antiaging granule products compared to untreated granule control. The granules containing aloe vera gel and rosella in this study showed antioxidant and antielastase activities.

Efficacy of Aloe Vera Gel vs. 1% Silver Sulfadiazine in First- and Second-Degree Burn Wound Healing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Taking into account the availability of numerous clinical trials on the effects of Aloe vera gel on the prevention and healing of skin wounds, as well as its popularity among people and widespread use in the cosmetic industry, the current study compares the healing efficacy of Aloe vera gel vs. 1% silver sulfadiazine (SSD) in burn patients. We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, and ClinicalKey database from January 1, 1990, to January 1, 2023 period. Our study included a patient who were having first- and second-degree burns. The intervention group received Aloe vera gel, while the control group received 1% SSD. The outcome variables assessed were tissue healing. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs were included to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of the intervention effects. Studies had to be available in English and published in full text to be eligible for inclusion. Initially, the search strategy’s flow diagram, which reported, screened, excluded, and eventually included studies, was created using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 principles. Using the population, intervention, control, and outcome format (PubMed-65, Embase-52, and ClinicalKey-131), 248 studies were included, while 220 studies were eliminated. As a result, 18 full-text RCTs were evaluated, and 7 studies that satisfied all of the meta-analysis’s eligibility requirements were eventually qualified. In comparison to the control group, the mean healing (in days) for first- and second-degree burn wounds was significantly lower in the total pooled result from the four RCTs. The mean difference was −2.73 [95% confidence interval (CI) −3.85 to −1.62; P ≤ 0.0001*]. When comparing the area of recovery in percentage for first- and second-degree burn wounds to the control group, the total pooled result from the four RCTs revealed a significant decrease, with odds ratio of 0.20 (95% CI 0.08–0.53; P ≤ 0.001*). Thus, the results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that Aloe vera gel is far more beneficial for first- and second-degree burn wound healing and patient recovery than 1% SSD.

Some properties of aloe vera gel powder prepared by microwave and oven drying

Abstract Aloe barbadensis Miller is the most bioactive compound used in the food and pharmaceutical industry. This study was conducted to prepare the Aloe gel powder by using an oven and microwave at various temperatures and energy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of microwave and oven drying on the physicochemical properties of aloe vera gel powder spesifically antioxidant activity. Some parameters examined were the water content, color, yield, and swelling power. In addition, it also has a higher yield and antioxidant activity with optimal visual performance. The results show that the Aloe gel powder obtained by oven drying meets the water content standard of less than 12% and needs a shorter drying time. This Aloe gel powder even showed a good potency of hydrogel formation, since its swelling property is 3% higher than Aloe gel dried by microwave method. The higher temperature at oven drying of 75 showed color value with the highest L value (brightness). Nevertheless, at microwave drying of 45 W energy had higher antioxidant activity (1.642 times higher) than 75°C. The recommended condition for the drying process of Aloe gel powder is using the microwave at an energy of 45 W for about 3 hours with an average yield of approximately 0,71%. In general, a higher temperature and energy of drying caused more changes in the physicochemical characteristics of aloe vera gel powder.

Aplikasi Edible Coating dari Lidah Buaya dan Karagenan untuk Memperpanjang Umur Simpan Buah Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)

Tomato fruit (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) is a food material with a high water content so it is easy to decompose. This shows that efforts to prevent reduction in food quality can be developed in the form of edible coating from aloe vera gel with concentration of 0%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, and carrageenan with concentration of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The aims of this research were to determine the concentration of aloe vera gel and carrageenan based on the characteristics of edible film and to determine the effect of edible coating and storage time on the quality of tomato. The first stage of this research is making edible film based on analysis parameters such as water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), tensile strength, elongation, and thickness. The selected concentration used in the second stage of this research for making edible coating was 40% of aloe vera gel and 3% of carrageenan. The selected concentration has a WVTR value of 1.758±0.20 g.mm/m2.hour, tensile strength value of 0.248±0.00 N/cm2, elongation value of 25.164±0.10%, and thickness value of 0.074±0.00 mm. Tomato samples coated with edible coating and control tomatoes is stored for 9 days at room temperature (24-25oC and 65–70% relative humidity aproximately) and samples are analyzed every 3 days based on analysis parameters such as vitamin C content, weight loss, hardness level, pH, ohue, lycopene content, and total dissolved solids value. The application of edible coating and storage time can inhibit the decrease of vitamin C levels, lycopene levels, weight loss, hardness, also can inhibit the increase in pH value and total dissolved solids value. Meanwhile, the change in color (hue) of tomato is not affect by the use of edible coating. Keywords: aloe vera, carrageenan, edible coating, storage time, tomato

Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures and Their Antibacterial Activity Against Catfish Pathogen

Due to its antibacterial activity against clinical bacterial pathogens at the time of tissue development, zinc oxide (ZnO) is considered one of the most important metal oxide nanostructured materials. In this study, ZnO nanostructures were prepared using Aloe vera gel juice, which is easy, inexpensive, and ecofriendly. The nanostructures of ZnO were characterized using a variety of analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). As a result of the XRD study, the hexagonal phase of ZnO with the structure of wurtzite has been identified. ZnO material with high heterogeneity morphology has been observed by SEM analysis. As-prepared ZnO nanostructures were tested for their antibacterial activity against the newly discovered pathogen of catfish. A ZnO sample prepared with a high concentration of Aloe vera gel possessed an inhibition zone of 13.21±0.04 mm, whereas a ZnO sample prepared with a low concentration of Aloe vera juice had an inhibition zone of 6.23±0.02 mm and a pure ZnO sample had an inhibition zone of 3.31±0.03 mm. Furthermore, we examined the effectiveness of the ZnO nanostructures on bacterial strains based on the type of nanoparticles applied to the commercial strains. In addition to their modified surface properties, small particle size, and highly toxic effects for the killingof bacterial cell growth, the Aloe vera juice assisted ZnO nanostructures demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against the catfish pathogens.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Face Pack

The prime objective of this research work is to formulate a cosmetic herbal face pack by using natural ingredients for all kinds of skin and evaluate the formulation by employing several evaluation parameters. Formulation containing multanimitti, turmeric, green tea, amla, neem, liquorice, sandal wood powder, honey, aloe vera gel and rose water was prepared. Formulation was evaluated for different evaluating parameters and stability check along with the test of irritancy and spreadability. Herbal face packs are generally utilized from ancient times for healthy and glowing natural skin. It is used to prevent acne, pimples, and dirt from skin pores. It rejuvenates the muscles and improves blood circulation. In this study it is concluded that the prepared formulation was effective in all parameters, non-irritant and compatible with skin. All the ingredients used in formulation are herbs and therefore possess minimal or no side effects. One can use this face pack by adding honey and storing the formulation in refrigerator. Further the studies regarding optimization are required to be done on this work and this study will also acts as a standardization tool for further research work in this area.

Effects of Aloe Vera Gel on Red Blood Cell-parameters in Phenylhydrazine-induced Anaemic Wistar albino Rats

Background & objective: Anaemia is the most significant disorder of the blood. Many researchers have developed the concept of using medicinal plants as an alternative source of treatment for anaemia with fewer side effects. Aloe vera, being a medicinal plant, is popularly used as a natural drug in haematological disorders. The present study was intended to observe the effects of Aloe vera gel on red blood cell parameters in phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anaemic Wistar albino rats. Methods: This Experimental study was conducted in Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2021 to June 2022. A total of 24 healthy Wistar albino rats were selected for the study. After procurement, the rats were initially kept in a standard laboratory condition on a 12/12-hour light/dark cycle for 14 days of acclimatization before 21 days of the experiment. All the rats had free access to basal diet and normal saline during the period of acclimatization and experiment. After acclimatization for 14 days, the rats were divided into three groups-Group A (baseline control group, n = 8), Group B (PHZ-treated group, n = 8), and Group C, the Experimental Group (PHZ-induced and Aloe vera gel treated group, n = 8). To induce anaemia, Group B and Group C received intraperitoneal injection of PHZ at a dose of 0.5 ml/100 g body weight on days 1, 3, 5 and day 7. Moreover, the experimental group (Group C) received Aloe vera gel orally at a dose of 0.6 ml/kg body weight from Day 8 to Day 21. On day 22, rats were sacrificed to test their blood samples for haematologic variables (RBC count, Hb conc., and PCV) and haematological indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC). Result: All the haematological parameters and indices were almost similar among the study groups at baseline (on Day 1). On Day 8, rats of groups B and C demonstrated a drastically reduced count of RBC (2.66 ± 0.53 and 2.69 ± 0.52 million/μl respectively) compared to the rats of group A (8.16 ± 0.76 million/μl). On Day 22, the RBC count in rats of Group C staggeringly increased to 7.63 ± 0.64 million/μl; however, the RBC count in rats of Group B remained almost the same as was found on Day 8. A significant decrease in Hb conc. and PCV in PHZ-induced control on Day 8 compared to that on Day 1 was also observed. The mean MCV in all the study groups on Day 1 was around 50 fl, which abnormally increased to 85 and 87 fl in Groups B and C respectively on Day 8. On Day 22, Group B further exhibited an increase in MCV to > 87 fl. Meanwhile, the MCV in Group C (Aloe vera-treated group) favourably decreased to 55 fl. On the 8th Day of intervention, the MCH level significantly decreased in Groups B and C. Although no significant change in MCH was observed in Group B from Day 8 to Day 22, group C demonstrated a significant increase in the mean MCH to nearly 18 pg during the same period. The mean MCHC significantly dropped to < 23% in Groups B and C on Day 8 from the baseline figure of 34%. While no significant change in MCHC was evident in Group B from Day 8 to Day 22, it significantly improved to about 28% in Group C during the same period. Conclusion: From the study, it can be concluded that Aloe vera has significant erythropoietic potentials which result in the improvement of red blood cell parameters (RBC count, Hb conc., PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC) in PHZ-induced anaemic rats. Ibrahim Card Med J 2023; 13 (1&2): 40-46

Production and evaluation of quality characteristics of ready-to-drink Aloe vera juice incorporation with ginger and lemon

The food and beverage industry are witnessing an increase in demand for health beverages. Globally, Aloe vera is well-known for its useful qualities and health advantages. The study was conducted to formulate a ready-to-drink Aloe vera juice from mature Aloe vera gel to examine biochemical properties, microbial analysis, and the sensory properties of the Aloe vera juice produced. Three formulations coded as F1, F2, and F3 were prepared. Fresh Aloe vera gel had the following properties: 98.49 % moisture, 0.15 % ash, pH 4.73 %, and 0.06 % acidity. Formulation F2 had the highest levels of total phenol, flavonoid, DPPH, and FRAP, while formulation F3 had greater levels of vitamin C and acidity. The finished products were preserved in clean, dry, and sterilized plastic bottles and stored in the refrigerator at 4 °C. The drink's TSS, acidity, pH, and vitamin C levels were all measured up to 60 days of storage. It was observed that during the storage periods, pH and vitamin C gradually decreased while TSS and acidity slightly increased. The minimal change in microbial activity was observed in formulation F3 while F2 obtained the highest scores in the sensory evaluation.

GC/MS evaluation of the composition of the Aloe vera gel and extract

This study aimed to investigate the potential use of Aloe vera (AV) as a food additive given its critical importance in food safety and health. Specifically, the natural antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of AV were examined to prevent food spoilage and extend its shelf life. This study was conducted using commercially available aloe vera gel (AVG) and aloe vera extract (AVE). These samples were tested using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The analysis involves identifying and quantifying the components using natural helium gas. The antimicrobial and antifungal effects of these components were evaluated and compared with those reported in the literature. GC–MS analysis revealed that the Aloe vera gel and extract contained various volatile components, including phenolic compounds, anthraquinone glycosides, and different esters. According to GC–MS results of the two different forms of AV, the main volatile compounds of the gel form were levoglucosan, tridecanoic acid, decanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid, nonadeca-1.18-diyn-4.16-diol and squalene, whereas the extract form contained volatile compounds with antifungal activity such as tridecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid, nonanoic acid and eicosyl acetate. Both samples exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activities, especially against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Escherichia coli. This study demonstrated the potential of Aloe vera gel and extract as a natural preservative for use in food because of its constituent components. This study highlights the potential use of Aloe vera as a natural additive in the food industry. Due to its antimicrobial and antifungal properties, Aloe vera offers an organic alternative to chemical additives. Aloe vera is effective at preventing food spoilage and extending shelf life, making it a suitable option for meeting consumer demand for organic and natural products.

Production and characterization of novel biodegradable films using fruit industrial waste and aloe vera gel

One of the huge volumes of fruit waste that is a concern for waste management challenges today is the fruit juice industry sour cherry kernel (SCK) waste. The gel obtained by processing the leaf extract of aloe vera (AVG) is the most commercial aloe species and has become a major industry worldwide. This study used AVG and SCK as an additive in acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) to prepare biobased film materials. Two types of processes were used in curing the films: UV curing from acrylate groups and thermal curing from epoxide groups of AESO. The effect of additive type and amount on antibacterial activity, mechanical, swelling, mass loss, and water vapor permeability properties of the films were investigated. The produced films were characterized using FTIR spectra. Thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The biodegradability of AESO was determined as 7.095%. In comparison, the highest biodegradation was observed in films with 50% additive content and this value was measured as 8.89% and 39.95% for AVG- and SCK-containing films, respectively. In addition, the corrosion tests of the films were also carried out and the films with SCK additives were more resistant to corrosive environments. Data were analyzed using an ANOVA test.Graphical abstract

Star fruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi) extract and shrimp shell chitosan gel improves neovascularization in gingival wound healing in vivo

Background: Gingival incision is a procedure widely used in dentistry that can potentially cause infection. Star fruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi) extract contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and phenols that can act as antibacterials. Shrimpshells chitosan have good biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and antimicrobial properties. Star fruit leaves (A. bilimbi) extract and shrimp shell chitosan are made in gel preparations to accelerate drug delivery to target cells. Purpose: To specify the effect of applying a gel extract of star fruit leaves (A. bilimbi) and chitosan shrimp shells on the formation of new blood vessels in the healing process of gingival incision wounds. Methods: 25 males Rattus norvegicus needed to make an incision in the labial gingiva and were divided into five groups, namely the K-group (without any application), K+ (aloe vera gel application), and three treatment groups PI, PII, and PIII (5%, 10%, and 15% gel extract of Star fruit leaves (A. bilimbi) and shrimp shell chitosan). Topical application is carried out twice a day for seven days. Microscopic observations with hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to count the number of new blood vessels. The analysis used the one-way analysis of variance and the post-hoc Tukey Honest Significant Different method. Results: The treatment in the PII group showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher results than other groups. Conclusion: The formulation of 10% gel Star fruit leaves (A. bilimbi) extract and shrimp shells chitosan has increased blood vessels in the healing process of gingival incision wounds.

Evaluation of Aloe Vera Gel Combined with Cinnamon Oil with Antibacterial Activity for Wound Healing Application.

Treatment of chronic wounds has been shifted to traditional approaches due to surge in antibiotic resistance. Wounds that fail to heal satisfactorily may result in the amputation of the organ. In this research work, cinnamon oil (CO) and aloe vera (AV) that have been traditionally used as antibacterial agents are combined in a unique gel (COVA) and its antibacterial activity has been evaluated through in vitro and in vivo studies. Antibacterial activity was measured through disk diffusion and agar dilution method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. To check antibacterial and wound healing activity, diabetic excision wound healing rat model was used. Wound closure, wound contraction, tissue hydroxyproline content, antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were monitored. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of CO + AV for bacterium P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were 100 and 200 µg/ml, respectively. After 14 days, the wounds covered with COVA therapy reached to nearly full wound closure (79% wound contraction) compared to control. The collagen content and level of TAC increased significantly (P < 0.05) in treated groups; therefore, 25% fast healing was observed in wounds treated with CO and AV gel combined. Reduced levels of tissue MDA were observed in all treated groups and specially wound covered with COVA (0.43 mM/mg in control vs 0.25 mM/mg in COVA). Histopathological examination also supported the outcomes. Significantly elevated increase in the level of hydroxyproline was found in rats of COVA treatment group (37.1 ± 0.44). Combination of CO and AV can be potentially used to prevent infection in wound; as these herbal agents not only inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria but also accelerate tissue repair.

Edible coating effect on physicochemical properties of banana (Musa sapientum L.) during storage

Abstract Banana (Musa sp.) is very important fruit crops in the tropical world. It is recognized for its potential health benefits and nutritional richness. Banana fruit is semi perishable food that rot quickly. Edible coating is a very useful technique to extend the shelf life of fruit and maintain quality for processing post-harvest fruits. In this research, coating of banana fruit (Musa sapientum L.) was carried out using aloe vera gel as a base material and modified by water extract of sungkai leaves. The aim of this research is to obtain the right composition of coating material to extend the shelf life of bananas. Five formulas (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5 of coating material were prepared and coated on the Banana fruit. The coated banana fruit was evaluated for physicochemical properties using the Standard Methods at storage times of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Banana fruit coating with formula F3 (30% Aloe vera gel, 40% Sungkai leaf extract, 2.0% CMC and 1.0% glycerol) showed the best performance on the days 9 with the weight loss 10.28+0.05%, fruit hardness 10.3+0.05 Newton, total acid titration 0.27+0.01%, Total Soluble Solid 27.67+0.58 °Brix, total antioxidants of 18.84+0.12 mgAAE/gFW and total phenolics 33.27+0.20 mgGAE/gFW compared to other compositions. In conclusion, coating Banana fruit with this coating material can extend the shelf life from 3 to 9 days.

A Randomized Single-Blinded Phase II Trial Comparing Efficacy and Quality of Life of Topical Aloe Vera Gel Plus Urea Cream Versus Urea Cream Alone for Prevention of Hand Foot Syndrome in Cancer Patients Receiving Capecitabine.

Capecitabine has been widely prescribed to treat various cancers. The hand foot syndrome (HFS) is the most troublesome adverse effect. Urea cream has been pre-emptively co-prescribed, even though its efficacy is doubtful. Aloe vera gel with urea cream might potentiate each other. This trial was intended to prove the efficacy of this combination. The investigators conducted a randomized single-blinded phase II study. The participants were randomized 1:1 to receive the combination of aloe vera gel and 10% urea cream (n = 30), the experimental A+U arm and 10% urea cream alone (n = 31), the U arm. The sample size was calculated to have 90% power to show the significant 20% reduction in the incidence of HFS grade 2-3 of the combination therapy with alpha level = 0.05. Both the CTCAE criteria version 5 and the dermatology life quality index (DLQI) were assessed to determine the severity of HFS and quality of life, respectively. Most of the participants had rectal cancer (A+U: 43.3%; U: 41.9%). In the A+U group, 86.7% had grade 0-1 HFS and 13.3% had grade 2-3 HFS. In the U group, 64.5% had grade 0-1 HFS and 35.5% had grade 2-3 HFS (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.045). Grade 2-3 HFS was significantly lower in the combination group. Combination of aloe vera gel and 10% urea cream ameliorated the severity of HFS in participants taking capecitabine; however, no significant difference in DLQI between the groups was demonstrated.