Allometric Index Research Articles

Seed Germination and Plant Growth in Ocimum Variety by Physical Treatment Methods

Ocimum one of the largest family of Lamiaceae,it comprised about 150 species distributed all over tropical and subtropical region of world. The essential components of family is eugenol found which is used for cosmetic product, culinary uses,food and drug industry. sweet basil or Indian basil, is an industrially important source of essential oil, oil painting and aroma chemicals. the present study entitled “Germination and growth responses in Ocimum specie’s to seed pretreatments ” has been accepted with the ideal of homogenizing pretreatment of seeds for enhanced germination and growth plants. The main objective of studies is to carried physical treatment of seeds were vanquished to various physical treatments analogous as scarification( using sandpaper), water soaking( overnight), hot water( 25℃) treatment for 5 min to study their effect on seed germination to obtain maximum germination percentage and growth of seedlings. In this study there are four specie’sof Ocimum, Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum grattisum L., Ociumum thrysiflorum L. selected for seed pretreatment and evaluation of pretreatment seeds. Study area analysis taken different measurements were germination percentage, survival percentage, Mean germination time, shoot length,root length, seedlings height, Allometric index observed. The highest germination percentage and height also lowest rate and height calculate by using formula.

喜旱莲子草在增温背景下的密度制约与生长权衡

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 喜旱莲子草在增温背景下的密度制约与生长权衡 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202105111231 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目（2019QZKK0304）；西华师范大学基本科研业务费资金资助（17B007）；四川省教育厅重点项目（18ZA0462） Density dependence and growth trade-off of Alternanthera philoxeroides under warming Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:研究植株个体与种群数量的关系对探究植物的适应策略、理解植物入侵机理有重要意义。但多数研究着眼于常温处理下植株响应密度变化的生长权衡，对增温处理下植株的密度制约调节机理和常温与增温处理下响应密度变化的调节规律是否发生变化认识不足。以喜旱莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）为研究对象，采用密度（1、5、9株/盆，37、186、335株/m2）和温度（常温、增温）双因素实验设计，探究了全球变暖背景下，密度制约与喜旱莲子草的关系、地上与地下部分的密度制约调节规律。结果表明：（1）地上构件特征与温度呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05），地上构件特征和比叶面积表现出明显密度依赖性（P<0.05）。温度与种群密度及其交互作用对地下指标无显著影响（P>0.05）。（2）无论增温与否，随密度压力增加，根生物量分配比率增大，各构件平均生物量、茎生物量分配比率降低。叶生物量分配比率在各密度下维持恒定。（3）用生物量-密度异速指数γ衡量种群密度调控强弱。常温处理下，γleaf（-1.685） < γabove-ground（-1.612） < γstem（-1.605） < γ individual（-1.558） < γroot（-1.524），受密度制约调控强度的大小依次为：叶>地上>茎>个体>根。增温处理下，γstem（-2.075） < γabove-ground（-2.038） < γindividual（-1.982） < γleaf（-1.933） < γroot（-1.800），受密度制约调控强度的大小依次为：茎 > 地上 > 个体 > 叶 > 根。喜旱莲子草种群地上构件受密度的调节作用强于地下构件。由此可见，无论增温与否，喜旱莲子草种群地下资源的竞争能力随密度增加而增强，地上资源竞争能力随密度增加而减弱，喜旱莲子草地上部分调节强于地下部分，常温处理下，叶受密度制约作用更强，增温处理下，茎受密度制约最强。根受密度制约最弱。地上资源的竞争占主导地位。 Abstract:Study on the relationship between plant individual and population is of great importance to explore plant adaptation strategies and to understand the mechanisms of plant invasion. However, most studies focused on the growth trade-off of plant response to density change under normal temperature treatment. There is a lack of understanding on the regulation mechanism of plant density restriction under increasing temperature treatment, and whether the regulation law of response to density change alters under normal temperature and warming treatment. In this study, taking Alternanthera philoxeroides as the focus species, the relationship between density restriction and A. philoxeroides, and the regulation law of density restriction between aboveground and underground parts under the background of global warming were studied by using two-factor experimental design of density (1, 5, 9 plants/pot, 37, 186, 335 plants/m2) and temperature (normal temperature, increasing temperature). The results showed that:(1) There was a significantly positive correlation between the characteristics of aboveground components and temperature (P<0.05), and there was a significant density dependence on the characteristics and specific leaf area of aboveground components (P<0.05). Temperature, population density and their interaction had no significant effect on underground index (P>0.05). (2) With the increase of density, the root biomass allocation ratio increased, while the average biomass and stem biomass allocation ratio decreased under two temperatures. The allocation ratio of leaf biomass remained constant at different densities. (3) The allometric index γ of biomass-density was used to measure the regulation of population density. Under normal temperature treatment, we found that γleaf (-1.685) < γabove-ground(-1.612) < γstem (-1.605) < γ individual (-1.558) < γroot(-1.524). Regulation intensity restricted by density was in the following order:leaf > aboveground > stem > individual > root. Under warming treatment, we found that γstem (-2.075) < γabove-ground (-2.038) < γindividual(-1.982) < γleaf (-1.933) < γroot (-1.800). The order of regulation intensity restricted by density was stem > aboveground > individual > leaf > root. The density regulation of the aboveground components of A. philoxeroides population is stronger than that of the underground ones. That's to say, whether warming or not, the competitiveness of underground resources of A. philoxeroides population increases with the increase of density, while the competitiveness of aboveground resources decreases with the increase of density. The regulation ability of the upper part of A. philoxeroides is stronger than that of underground part. Under normal temperature treatment, leaves are more restricted by density, while stems are most restricted by density under warming treatment. The competition for aboveground resources is dominant for A. philoxeroides. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Trawl and eDNA assessment of marine fish diversity, seasonality, and relative abundance in coastal New Jersey, USA

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) technology potentially improves the monitoring of marine fish populations. Realizing this promise awaits better understanding of how eDNA relates to fish presence and abundance. Here, we evaluate performance by comparing bottom trawl catches to eDNA from concurrent water samples. In conjunction with New Jersey Ocean Trawl Survey, 1-l water samples were collected at surface and depth prior to tows at about one-fourth of Survey sites in January, June, August, and November 2019. eDNA fish diversity from 1 l was same as or higher than trawl fish diversity from 66 M litres swept by one tow. Most (70–87%) species detected by trawl in a given month were also detected by eDNA, and vice versa, including nearly all (92–100%) abundant species. Trawl and eDNA peak seasonal abundance agreed for ∼70% of fish species. In log-scale comparisons by month, eDNA species reads correlated with species biomass, and more strongly with an allometric index calculated from biomass. In this 1-year study, eDNA reporting largely concorded with monthly trawl estimates of marine fish species richness, composition, seasonality, and relative abundance. Piggybacking eDNA onto an existing survey provided a relatively low-cost approach to better understand eDNA for marine fish stock assessment.

Determinants of right ventricular muscle mass in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: impact of left ventricular muscle mass and pulmonary hypertension.

Introduction: Although chronic pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular (RV) function carry important functional and prognostic implications in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC), little information on RV muscle mass (RVMM) and its determinants has been published.Methods: Our study comprised thirty-five consecutive patients with IDC, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <40% and NYHA class ≥2. Hemodynamic data and parameters on LV and RV geometry were derived from right heart catheterisation and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.Results: RVMM was normalized to body size using a common linear, body surface area based approach (RVMMI) and by an allometric index (RVMM-AI) incorporating adjustment for age, height and weight. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that pulmonary artery pressure and left ventricular muscle mass were independent predictors of RVMM-AI. The interventricular mass ratio of RV and LV mass (IVRM) was closely related to RVMM (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) and total muscle mass (r = 0.39, p < 0.02). However, there was no significant relationship between LVMM and IVMR (r = 0.17, p = 0.32).Conclusion: Our data suggest that an increase in RV mass in IDC may be explained by two mechanisms: First, as a consequence of the myopathic process itself resulting in a balanced hypertrophy of both ventricles. Second, due to the chamber specific burden of pulmonary artery pressure rise, resulting in unbalanced RV hypertrophy.

Cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of left ventricular mass in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is associated with a substantial cardiovascular disease burden including early onset hypertension, intracranial aneurysms, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). A 41% prevalence of LVH has been reported in ADPKD, using echocardiographic assessment of LV mass (LVM). The HALT PKD study was designed to assess the effect of intensive angiotensin blockade on progression of total kidney volume and LVM. Measurements of LVM were performed using cardiac magnetic resonance (MR). Five hundred forty-three hypertensive patients with GFR >60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) underwent MR assessment of LVM at baseline. LVM was adjusted for body surface area and expressed as LVM index (LVMI; g/m(2)). Baseline BP was 125.1 ± 14.5/79.3 ± 11.6 mmHg. Average duration of hypertension was 5.79 years. Prior use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers was present in 59.5% of patients. The prevalence of LVH assessed using nonindexed LVM (g) was 3.9% (n = 21, eight men and 13 women) and 0.93% (n = 5, one man and four women) using LVMI (g/m(2)). In exploratory analyses, the prevalence of LVH using LVM indexed to H(2.7), and the allometric index ppLVmass(HW), ranged from 0.74% to 2.23% (n = 4 to 12). Multivariate regression showed significant direct associations of LVMI with systolic BP, serum creatinine, and albuminuria; significant inverse associations with LVMI were found with age and female gender. The prevalence of LVH in hypertensive ADPKD patients <50 years of age with short duration of hypertension, and prior use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers is low. Early BP intervention in ADPKD may have decreased LVH and may potentially decrease cardiovascular mortality.

Occurrence of abnormal sexual dimorphic structures in the gonochoristic crustacean, Upogebia major (Thalassinidea: Decapoda), inhabiting mud tidal flats in Japan

Normal females of the mud shrimp, Upogebia major, have a pair of pleopods on the first abdominal segment, while normal males do not. We have investigated nine populations in the Seto-Inland Sea, Japan, and found morphological disorders on the first abdominal segments of both males and females. In males, the first pleopods occurred. Morphology and arrangement of these additional pleopods were classified into four types. The pleopods of Types M-1 and M-2 were similar in structure to those of normal females. These males could be considered as de-masculinized individuals, and the occurrence of males with these morphological disorders showed local variation: while their frequency was high in two specific sites in Kasaoka Inlet (11.5% in Site 6 and 5.5% in Site 7), it was less than 3.5% in other sites. Other types had abnormal additional appendages similar to the walking legs (pereiopods) (Type M-3) or biramous leaf-like pleopods (Type M-4), but their frequency was extremely low (only 3 out of 1558 males inspected). Morphological disorders in males (Types M-1 and M-2) occurred independently of gonadal development, and did not affect the sexual characteristics as revealed by analyses of allometric growth and gonadal index. In females, morphological disorders were classified into five types: incomplete first pleopods (Type F-1); lack of the first pleopods (Type F-2 and F-3); transformation into the pereiopod-like pleopods (Type F-4); and biramous leaf-like pleopods (Type F-5). The frequency of Types 1–3 was especially high in Site 6 in Kasaoka Inlet (24.4%), but was less than 9.4% in other sites. A feature was that cuticular lesions often co-occurred with the morphological disorders. Possible causal factors of these abnormalities are discussed.

Abstract 4119: Utility of ECG to Detect Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Defined by Cardiac MRI in Different Ethnic Groups: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular event risk. We evaluated the ethnicity-specific diagnostic utility of ECG in the detection of LVH measured by MRI as a gold standard. Methods: 12-lead ECG and MRI of 4498 asymptomatic subjects in the MESA study (49% males, mean age 61 ± 10 years) with no prior cardiovascular disease were analyzed. Left ventricular mass (LVM) was determined from MRI. Body-size predicted LV mass (pLVM) was determined from an allometric height-weight index derived from a subpopulation of 822 normal-weight, normotensive, non-diabetic MESA participants with LVH defined as LVM/pLVM &gt; 1.31 (&gt;95 th percentile). Prediction of absolute LV mass by ECG was also assessed for whites and blacks based on previously validated prediction models for these groups. Results: The study population consisted of 39% Whites, 12% Chinese, 27% Blacks and 22% Hispanics. ECG detection rate for LVH as determined by MRI was significantly more in women than men (12.3% vs 3.9% respectively, p&lt; 0.02). For a specificity &gt;= 90%, the highest overall sensitivity for LVH was shown by Perguia score (28.7%) which increased from the first (17.9%) to fourth quartile (45.3%) of LV mass. At a fixed specificity of 90%, the highest sensitivity was shown by Sokolow-Lyon voltage duration product (SLP) (38.2%). Neither Perguia nor SLP differed significantly across the four ethnic groups with respect to sensitivity and area under the ROC curve (p&lt; 0.27, p&lt; 0.52; p&lt; 0.35, p&lt; 0.88 respectively). Presence of LV strain pattern on ECG showed the highest adjusted odds ratio for LVH across all ethnic groups. ECG predicted LVM correlated significantly with MRI-determined LVM for both whites and blacks (r=0.74, p&lt; 0.001 and r=0.70, p&lt; 0.001 respectively) with no significant difference in LVH detection rates (6.1% vs 9.4% respectively, p&lt; 0.35) Conclusion: Based on LVM prediction models, ECG correlates well with MRI. ECG sensitivity to detect LVH is low and it does not differ significantly between whites and blacks. Based on individual criteria like Perguia and SLP, sensitivity and diagnostic performance of ECG did not vary significantly across different ethnic groups.

Multivariate analysis of Vitis subgenus Vitis seed morphology

We studied 142 grapevine seed samples belonging to 5 Vitis species, 92 cultivars of Vitis vinifera , 12 feral/wild populations and 4 hybrid rootstock cultivars. Eleven different characters from the seed and one allometric index have been used. Seeds show a wide range of variation in body dimensions, and in other parameters. Two largely differentiated clusters were obtained. Coincidences with previous seed classifications are discussed. Wild extra-European species have smaller seeds. The index breadth/length (STUMMER’s index) doesn’t allow to separate wild grapevines and cultivars. It defines, however, the “wild syndrome” values above 0.8 corresponding to wild extra-European Vitis species, occasionally used as rootstocks. Ferals/wild individuals tend to display smaller berries and plumper pips than their cultivated relatives therefore “looking wild”. The multivariate analysis place together ferals/wild and related cultivars in their respective clusters and does not discriminate a cluster of wild European grapevine.

Impact of the timing of stocking on growth and allometric index in aquaculture‐based fisheries

AbstractThe impact of tilapia stocking on fisheries production in Lake Metztitlán was determined through progression analysis of modes obtained from (Gaussian) kernel density estimators (KDEs) of size frequency distributions of juvenile tilapia stocked after a period of total desiccation. The relationship between the allometric index of four cohorts and water temperature and variation in the volume of the basin was analysed. The use of KDEs was found to be a useful technique for the recognition and progression analysis of modes. The reasons for the low yields from the tilapia fishery of Lake Metztitlán are poor growth rate, low water temperature, which is manifest in low allometric indices, and the use of small mesh size nets. Yields can be sustained by improving fishery management; otherwise it is necessary to continue stocking.

Long term effects of aerosolised rhDNase on pulmonary disease progression in patients with cystic fibrosis

BACKGROUNDAfter multiple studies, including clinical trials, suggested some mild clinical benefits from the use of rhDNase by patients with cystic fibrosis, a widespread acceptance of the drug has followed. However,...

Haematological characteristics of freshwater-reared and wild mullet, Mugil platanus Günther (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae)

Mullets, Mugilplalanus Günther, 1880. were obtained from the estua-rine area of CananÉia (São Paulo, Brazil) and from freshwater tearing tanks. For each fish the body weight, body length, gonad weight and gonad maturation stage were recorded and the allometric index (K) was calculated. Blood was collected for hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin level (lib), total cell count (Er), and the determination of hematological indices (MCV. MCH, MCHC), as well as the differential leukocyte count (lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils and '"other cells"). The averages of the hematological analyses, hematological indeces, condition factor and leukocytes percentage of the specimens acclimated to fresh water were significantly higher than those of the specimens from the estuary.

Transition from Vegetative to Floral Apex in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench: An Allometric Index

The biochemical and physiological changes involved in floral initiation remain poorly understood. Knowledge of the timing of the morphological stages which accompany transition from the vegetative to the floral state in terminal meristems may provide clues to the underlying bioregulatory controls. Because floral initiation cannot be followed directly in intact grass plants, the assessment of development state is necessarily destructive, making it difficult to correlate accurately these morphological events with the biochemical and physiological changes. The appearance of an expanded ninth leaf under the controlled conditions described here is a useful allometric index of the developmental state of the sorghum apex. An expanded ninth leaf always indicates that floral initiation has occurred in this cultivar. All plants with fewer than nine expanded leaves have vegetative meristems.

Analysis of gene action in the control of body conformation and egg weight in the chicken.

The CH and IA inbred lines and crosses between them up to the S3 and sibbed backcross generations are used to analyse the genetic control of shank length and body conformation (1500 cocks and 1626 pullets) and egg weight in the autumn (854 pullets) and spring (670 hens). Hatch effects are demonstrated for shank lengths and autumn egg weight. After adjustment for hatch effects, the genes controlling shank lengths and autumn egg weight are found to be associated with the genes for large size in the CH line. But association is less complete for spring egg weight, and such genes as might control the two derived measures of body conformation, an allometric index of plumpness and the modular difference between right and left shanks, show almost complete dispersion. In the main analyses, by least squares equation of generation means to parameters for various genetic and maternal effects, the modular difference between shank lengths is not demonstrably heritable. Autumn egg weight shows only additive and dominant effects, the latter appearing more important. The remaining characters are best fitted by a model including interaction between pairs of linked loci. Maternal and sex-linked effects are shown for shank lengths. But shank lengths and plumpness in females are controlled primarily by duplicate gene interaction. In the less satisfactory analyses of spring egg weight and male plumpness, complementary gene interaction is indicated.