Allogeneic Transplantation Research Articles

Transplant Outcomes in Myelofibrosis: Impact of Donor Type (Cord Blood Grafts Supported by CD34+ selected Cells [Haplo-Cord] Versus Matched Donors)

BackgroundDespite the established potentially curative role of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) in managing MF, the choice of alternative donors for patients lacking matched donors remains a challenge, and the optimal graft source in this disease entity continues to be an ongoing debate. ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the impact of donor type: umbilical cord blood transplant supported CD34+ haploidentical donor (haplo-cord) vs adult matched related donor (MRD) and matched unrelated donor (MUD) in 40 adult patients with primary or secondary MF, including those progressing to accelerated phase (AP) or blast phase (BP), who underwent their first allo-HCT. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the impact of stem cell source on primary endpoints of overall survival (OS), graft versus host disease (GVHD) and non-relapse mortality (NRM). ResultsMedian follow-up for all alive patients was 53 months (range 0.3-63 months). Nine patients (22.5%) underwent an MRD allo-HCT, 15 patients (37.5%) underwent a MUD allo-HCT, and 16 patients (40%) underwent a haplo-cord allo-HCT. Four patients died without neutrophil engraftment: 3 (19%) in haplo-cord group and one (4%) in MRD/MUD group. The cumulative incidence of ANC engraftment by day 60 was 80% (95%CI 45-94) in the haplo-cord group and 92% (95%CI 65-98) in the MRD/MUD group (p=0.09). The cumulative incidence of platelet engraftment by day 60 was 59% (95%CI 27-81) in haplo-cord group and 75% (95%CI 51-88) in MRD/MUD group (p=0.4). OS was 62% at 1 year (95%CI 49-79) and 34% at 3 years (95%CI 21-55). The 3-yr OS was similar between the haplo-cord group and the MRD/MUD (37% vs 32%, p=0.9). The 1-yr OS for accelerated/blast phase AP/BP patients was 50% (95%CI 27-93) in the haplo-cord group, compared to 40% (95%CI 19-86) in the MRD/MUD. The 1-yr OS for chronic phase CP patients was 83% (95%CI 58-100) in the haplo-cord group, compared to 79% (95%CI 60-100) in the MRD/MUD group. The cumulative incidence of relapse at 3 years in the haplo-cord group was 13% (95%CI 1.8-34), and in the MRD/MUD group was 28% (95%CI 10-49) (p=0.36). 1-yr non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 38% (95%CI 15-61) in the haplo-cord group and 33% (95%CI 15-52) in the MRD/MUD group. 3-yr NRM was 48% (95%CI 19-72) in the haplo-cord group and 54% (95%CI 29-73) in MRD/MUD group(p=0.95). ConclusionWe showed no significant difference in OS, relapse, and NRM outcomes after haplo-cord transplant compared to adult matched donors’ grafts (MRD or MUD) in MF patients. However, there were more graft failures in patients transplanted with a haplo-cord transplants and delayed engraftments with inadequate haplo myeloid bridges. Despite the small sample size in our study, considering our findings and the availability of other alternative donors, using haplo-cord platforms may no longer be justified for myelofibrosis unless the UCB engraftment dynamics can be optimized.

Late effects after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation in children and adolescents with non-malignant disorders: a retrospective cohort study

Continued advances in haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for children with non-malignant diseases (NMDs) have led to a growing population of survivors in whom late occurring toxic effects remain a challenge. We investigated the incidence of and risk factors for post-transplant toxicities in a contemporary cohort of children and adolescents undergoing HCT for NMDs. In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research (CIBMTR) database to analyse timing and incidence of effects and risk factors associated with late effects of HCT for treatment of NMDs at age 21 years or younger. Late effects of interest were avascular necrosis, cataracts, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes, gonadal dysfunction, growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, renal failure requiring dialysis, and neurological events (stroke and seizure). Cumulative incidence of each late effect was calculated at 5 years and 7 years after HCT. Risk factors were evaluated in Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Main exposures were primary NMD, age, sex, ethnicity and race, insurance, donor and graft type, myoablative conditioning, total-body irradiation exposure, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and transplant year. Primary outcomes were rates, cumulative incidence probability (95% CI), and risk-factors for organ-specific late effects. Between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2017, 7785 patients aged 21 years or younger underwent HCT. 1995 patients were ineligible or did not consent to be included. 5790 patients from 171 centres were included in the analysis. 3505 (60·5%) of 5790 patients were male and 2285 (39·5%) were female. 2106 (36·4%) patients were White, 771 (13·3%) were Hispanic, and 773 (12·7%) were Black. 1790 (30·9%) patients were non-USA residents. Median age at HCT was 5·5 years (range 0·0-21·0). 1127 (19%) of 5790 patients had one late effect, and 381 (7%) had at least two. At 7 years post-HCT, the cumulative incidence probability was 1·9 (95% CI 1·5-2·3) for cataracts, 4·9 (4·3-5·6) for diabetes, 2·6 (2·1-3·1) for gonadal dysfunction, 3·2 (2·7-3·8) for hypothyroidism, 5·0 (4·4-5·7) for growth disturbance, 8·1 (7·4-8·9) for renal failure, 1·6 (1·3-2·0) for avascular necrosis, 0·6 (0·4-0·8) for congestive heart failure, 0·2 (0·1-0·3) for myocardial infarction, and 9·4 (8·6-10·2) for neurological effects. Age 10 years or older at HCT, unrelated donor source, total-body irradiation, and GVHD were identified as risk factors for long-term effects. The findings highlight the need for, and access to, multidisciplinary and lifelong follow-up for children undergoing HCT for NMDs. As more children undergo treatment with cellular therapies for non-malignant conditions, further analyses of post-transplant data could increasingly guide treatment decisions and subsequent long-term surveillance. National Cancer Institute, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Health Resources and Services Administration, and Office of Naval Research.

A case of posttransplant isolated extramedullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia achieving durable treatment-free remission with blinatumomab and donor lymphocyte infusion.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) has a catastrophic prognosis. Blinatumomab, a CD3/CD19-directed bispecific T cell engager, is reportedly effective for advanced B-cell ALL (B-ALL), even after allo-HCT. However, the efficacy of blinatumomab in extramedullary relapse (EMR) is controversial. Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is another immunological treatment worth considering for ALL relapsed after allo-HCT. We report the case of a 56-year-old woman with B-ALL. Allo-HCT was performed during the second complete remission (CR). Thirteen months after allo-HCT, isolated EMR (iEMR) of B-ALL developed without bone marrow lesions. A third CR was achieved with 2 cycles of blinatumomab. An additional four cycles each of blinatumomab and DLI were then administered. The patient did not develop graft-versus-host disease and has confirmed 2-year treatment-free remission without a second allo-HCT. Therefore, blinatumomab was considered an effective salvage therapy for iEMR of B-ALL after allo-HCT, because iEMR could have a lower tumor burden than that seen in systemic relapse, and low tumor burden was a prognostic factor for response to blinatumomab. Furthermore, immunological consolidation therapies could only provoke graft-versus-leukemia effects if the imbalanced effector/target ratio was restored and the tumor burden was lowered through immunosurveillance.

Revealing the unseen: next generation sequencing for early detection of drug-resistant cytomegalovirus variants upon letermovir prophylaxis failure.

In allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT)-recipients, prophylactic management strategies are essential for preventing CMV-reactivation and associated disease. We report on a 63-year-old male patient with a D-/R+ CMV-serostatus, who showed ongoing low-level CMV-replication post-HCT despite receiving letermovir prophylaxis. Sanger-sequencing failed to detect drug resistance mutations (DRM) until CMV-pneumonitis developed, revealing a UL56-C325R-DRM linked to high-level letermovir resistance. Retrospective analysis with next-generation-sequencing (NGS) revealed the DRM at a low frequency of 6% two weeks prior to detection by Sanger-sequencing. This study highlights the importance of advanced NGS-methods for early detection of CMV-DRMs, allowing for faster adjustments in antiviral treatment strategies.

Biomechanical Evaluation of the Osseointegration Levels of Implants Placed Simultaneously With Tibia, Femur, and Jaw Allogeneic Bone Grafts.

In implant-supported prosthetic treatments, the jaw bones may not always have enough bone to accommodate implants. Allogeneic grafts can also be preferred as an alternative to autogenous grafts in cases of vertical and horizontal bone deficiencies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the osseointegration levels of lathe-faced titanium implants placed together with allogeneic bone tissue transplants obtained from tibia, femur, and mandible bones using a biomechanical method. Twenty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study. The subjects were divided into groups where bone transplantations were performed together with implant placement from the tibia (n=7), femur (n=7), and lower jaw (n=7) regions. Four rats (left and right) were used as donors. Grafts, along with implants, were surgically placed in the corticocancellous part of the metaphyseal parts of the tibia bones of rats. At the end of the 2-week experimental setup, all rats were killed, and the implants and surrounding bone tissues were subjected to biomechanical reverse torque analysis (N/cm), no statistical difference was detected in terms of bone-implant fusion between the groups in which the femur and tibia bones were transplanted (P>0.05), while the bone-implant fusion value in the group in which the lower jaw bone was transplanted was found to be statistically higher than the femur and tibia bones (P<0.05). Based on the limited results of this study, it can be thought that the lower jaw allogeneic jawbone has a higher osseointegration potential than allogeneic grafts obtained from the femur and tibia.

Perspectives of heart xenotransplantation: a quantitative analysis of this treatment in patients with heart disease

The shortage of human donors for heart transplants has driven research into viable alternatives, such as heart xenotransplantation. This study conducted a quantitative analysis of the perspectives of heart xenotransplantation in the treatment of patients with heart disease. The objective was to evaluate clinical efficacy, the immunosuppression techniques used, the results obtained in case studies and meta-analyses, and compare xenotransplantation with allogeneic transplantation methods. The methodology involved a literature review covering the period from 2014 to 2024, using databases such as Scielo, Google Scholar, scientific journals, repositories, and virtual libraries. Initially, 105 studies were found, of which 15 were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that grafts from genetically modified pig hearts can survive for extended periods in non-human primates, with some survivals documented for up to 945 days. Effective immunosuppression techniques, such as CD40-CD154 costimulation blockade and the use of anti-CD20 antibodies, significantly reduced episodes of acute rejection. Practical implications include the potential reduction of waiting time for patients in need of transplants and offering new hope for those with terminal heart failure. However, technical, ethical, and biological challenges still need to be overcome. It is concluded that heart xenotransplantation is a promising field that deserves continuous attention and investment in research to advance towards safe and effective clinical application.

Utilization of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation among patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia in California: a population-based linked dataset study.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often requires allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) for cure, but historically alloHCT has been strikingly underutilized. Reasons for this remain uncertain at the population level. We examined alloHCT utilization over time and explored associations between demographic/healthcare factors and use of alloHCT by age group (AYA 15-39y, adult 40-64y, older adult 65-79y) using a linked dataset merging the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, California Cancer Registry, and California Patient Discharge Database. Eligibility included patients newly diagnosed with AML in California between 2001-2016 who received induction therapy and had no prior HCT. Multivariable Fine-Gray regression analyses were fitted separately across age groups. Among 7,925 patients with AML, alloHCT utilization increased over time across all age groups; however, in the most recent time period studied (2011-2016), utilization within 2 years of diagnosis remained lowest in older adults (13%) relative to adults (41%) and AYAs (49%). Factors statistically significantly associated with lower alloHCT utilization: (1) AYAs: female sex, lower neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), uninsured or Indian Health Services (IHS) coverage; (2) adults: older age, male sex, non-Hispanic Black or Asian race and ethnicity, unmarried, lower nSES, uninsured or covered by Medicaid, Medicare, or IHS, higher comorbidity, and living 100+ miles from a transplant center; and (3) older adults: older age, Asian race, and unmarried. In conclusion, using a population-based linked dataset, we demonstrate that utilization of alloHCT among older patients newly diagnosed with AML remains low in California, and factors associated with utilization vary by age group.

Relationship between morphologic remission with or without hematologic recovery and outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in adult acute myeloid leukemia.

Outcomes of adults with AML after allografting vary widely. While numerous covariates have been associated with relapse, non-relapse mortality (NRM), and/or shorter survival, the impact of incomplete blood count recovery before transplantation has remained unclear. To address this uncertainty, we examined all adults with AML or MDS/AML who received an allograft in first or second remission between 2006 and 2023 at a single institution. Of 1264 patients, 891 (70%) met criteria for CR, whereas 291 (23%), 24 (2%), and 58 (5%) were classified as CRh, CRi, and morphologic leukemia-free state (MLFS), respectively. CR, CRh, CRi, and MLFS patients differed significantly regarding demographics, disease biology, pre-transplant measurable residual disease, and types of transplants. After multivariable adjustment, outcomes for CRh and CRi patients were not significantly different from each other or from those of CR patients. In contrast, outcomes of MLFS patients were substantially worse than those of CR and CRh patients, with significantly higher risk of NRM and relapse, and significantly shorter relapse-free and overall survival. Similar results were obtained in several distinct subsets. Together, our analysis provides empiric evidence for the importance of distinguishing MLFS from CR and CRh patients for optimized risk assessment and, possibly, individualized treatment decision making.

Real-World Impact of Routine Addition of Antithymocyte Globulin to Standard GVHD Prophylaxis in Myeloablative Unrelated Donor Transplants: Important Gains in Graft-versus-Host Disease Prevention though No Difference in Overall Survival

Introduction: Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD); however, it remains controversial whether these gains are offset by an increase in relapse. Methods: We conducted a retrospective historical control study consisting of patients (n = 210) who underwent myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) from 2014 to 2020. Results: The incidence of acute GVHD was lower in the ATG group (51.4%) than the non-ATG group (control) (70.0%, p = 0.010). The incidence of chronic GVHD was also lower in the ATG group at 1-year (36.4% vs. 62.9%, p < 0.001) and 2-year (40.0% vs. 65.7%, p < 0.001) post-HSCT. The mortality due to GVHD was higher in the control (18.5%) than the ATG group (4.3%; p = 0.024). The severe GVHD-relapse-free survival was higher in the ATG group (36.4%) than the control (12.9%; p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the 2-year overall survival was similar. Conclusion: Our results confirm the effectiveness of ATG in prevention of GVHD in the real-world setting and enhanced GVHD-free survival. An important result is the equalization of overall survival between the ATG and control groups at 1- and 2-year post-HSCT and implies that earlier GVHD-associated mortality may be offset by later relapse mortality producing similar overall survival over time.

Third-generation anti-CD19 CAR T cells for relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a phase 1/2 study

Third-generation chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CARTs) for relapsed or refractory (r/r) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may improve efficacy compared to second-generation CARTs due to their enhanced CAR design. We performed the first phase 1/2 investigator-initiated trial evaluating escalating doses of third-generation CARTs (HD-CAR-1) targeting CD19 in patients with r/r CLL and B-cell lymphoma. CLL eligibility criteria were failure to two therapy lines including at least one pathway inhibitor and/or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Nine heavily pretreated patients received HD-CAR-1 at dose levels ranging from 1 × 106 to 200 × 106 CART/m2. In-house HD-CAR-1 manufacturing was successful for all patients. While neurotoxicity was absent, one case of grade 3 cytokine release syndrome was observed. By day 90, six patients (67%) attained a CR, five of these (83%) with undetectable MRD. With a median follow-up of 27 months, 2-year PFS and OS were 30% and 69%, respectively. HD-CAR-1 products of responders contained significantly more CD4 + T cells compared to non-responders. In non-responders, a strong enrichment of effector memory-like CD8 + T cells with high expression of CD39 and/or CD197 was observed. HD-CAR-1 demonstrated encouraging efficacy and exceptionally low treatment-specific toxicity, presenting new treatment options for patients with r/r CLL. Trial registration: #NCT03676504.

Feasibility of intravenous vitamin C supplementation in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.

Intravenous vitamin C was administered following hematopoietic stem cell transplant to mitigate nonrelapse mortality (NRM) in a Phase II clinical trial. Patients with advanced hematologic malignancies received IV vitamin C, 50mg/kg/day, in three divided doses on days 1-14 after HSCT, followed by 500mg bid oral until 6 months. All patients enrolled (55) were deficient in vitamin C at day 0 and had restoration to normal levels. Vitamin C recipients had a trend for lower nonrelapse mortality (NRM, 11%vs. 25%, p-value=0.07) compared with propensity score-matched historical controls. A similar trend toward improved survival was observed (82%vs. 62% p=0.06), with no attributable grade 3 and 4 toxicities to vitamin C. In patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT, repletion of vitamin C is feasible and may reduce NRM and improve overall survival. Randomized trials in large uniform cohorts of patients are needed to confirm the utility of this easily available and inexpensive therapy.

Preneutropenic Fever in Patients With Hematological Malignancies: A Novel Target for Antimicrobial Stewardship.

Many patients with hematological malignancy develop fever after chemotherapy/conditioning but before chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (preneutropenic fever [PNF]). The proportion of PNF with an infectious etiology is not well established. We conducted a single-center, prospective observational substudy of PNF (neutrophils >0.5 cells/μL, ≥38.0°C) in adults receiving acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapy, or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) conditioning enrolled in a neutropenic fever randomized controlled trial between 1 January and 31 October 2018. Eligible patients had anticipated neutropenia ≥10 days and exclusions included concurrent infection and/or neutropenia prior to chemotherapy or conditioning. PNF rates and infections encountered were described. Associations between noninfectious etiologies and fever were explored. Antimicrobial therapy prescription across preneutropenic and neutropenic periods was examined. Of 62 consecutive patients included (43 allo-HCT, 19 AML), 27 had PNF (44%) and 5 (19%) had an infective cause. Among allo-HCT, PNF occurred in 14 of 17 (82%) who received thymoglobulin; only 1 of 14 (7%) had infection. During AML chemotherapy, 18 of 19 received cytarabine, of which 8 of 18 (44%) had PNF and 3 of 8 (38%) had infection. Most patients with PNF had antimicrobial therapy continued into the neutropenic period (19/27 [70%]). Those with PNF were more likely to be escalated to broader antimicrobial therapy at onset/during neutropenic fever (5/24 [21%] vs 2/30 [7%]). Rates of PNF were high, and documented infection low, leading to prolonged and escalating antimicrobial therapy. In the absence of infection, early cessation of empiric therapy after PNF is recommended as an important stewardship intervention.

Cytomegalovirus viral load at initiation of pre-emptive antiviral therapy impacts cytomegalovirus dynamics in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) contributes to morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients. Pre-emptive antiviral therapy (PET) reduces the incidence of CMV end-organ disease (EOD), though relevant viral thresholds to initiate PET remain undefined. We evaluated the impact of viral loads (VLs) at PET initiation on virologic and clinical outcomes following pediatric allo-HCT. Single-center retrospective cohort analysis of children who underwent their first allo-HCT from January 2014 to December 2020. Weekly quantitative plasma CMV polymerase chain reaction was performed until Day +100 and PET was initiated once VL exceeded a pre-defined threshold per institutional guidelines. Patients were followed for 1-year post-HCT to evaluate virologic and clinical outcomes including end-organ disease (EOD), overall survival (OS), and non-relapse mortality (NRM). Among 146 allo-HCT recipients, CMV DNAemia occurred in 40 patients (27%) at a median of 15 days post-HCT (interquartile range 6-28.5). Ten percent (n = 4) had spontaneous resolution of DNAemia, while 90% (n = 36) required PET. PET initiated when CMV VL was ≥ 1000 IU/mL (n = 21) vs when VL < 1000 IU/mL (n = 15) resulted in higher peak CMV VL (12,670vs. 1284 IU/mL, p = 0.0001) and longer time to CMV DNAemia resolution (36vs. 24 days, p = 0.035). There were no differences in EOD, OS, or NRM at 12 months post-HCT based on VL at PET initiation. Initiating PET when CMV VL was ≥1000 IU/mL resulted in significantly higher peak VL and prolonged DNAemia, with no differences in EOD, OS, or NRM at 12 months post pediatric HCT.

Salivary gland organoid transplantation as a therapeutic option for radiation-induced xerostomia

BackgroundXerostomia is a pathological condition characterized by decreased salivation due to salivary gland dysfunction and is frequently attributed to irreversible damage as a side effect of radiation therapy. Stem cell–derived organoid therapy has garnered attention as a promising avenue for resolving this issue. However, Matrigel, a hydrogel commonly used in organoid culture, is considered inappropriate for clinical use due to its undefined composition and immunogenicity. In this study, we aimed to develop a method for culturing collagen-based human salivary gland organoids (hSGOs) suitable for clinical applications and evaluated their therapeutic effectiveness.MethodsHuman salivary gland stem cells were isolated from the salivary gland tissues and cultured in both Matrigel and collagen. We compared the gene and protein expression patterns of salivary gland–specific markers and measured amylase activity in the two types of hSGOs. To evaluate the therapeutic effects, we performed xenogeneic and allogeneic transplantation using human and mouse salivary gland organoids (hSGOs and mSGOs), respectively, in a mouse model of radiation-induced xerostomia.ResultshSGOs cultured in Matrigel exhibited self-renewal capacity and differentiated into acinar and ductal cell lineages. In collagen, they maintained a comparable self-renewal ability and more closely replicated the characteristics of salivary gland tissue following differentiation. Upon xenotransplantation of collagen-based hSGOs, we observed engraftment, which was verified by detecting human-specific nucleoli and E-cadherin expression. The expression of mucins, especially MUC5B, within the transplanted hSGOs suggested a potential improvement in the salivary composition. Moreover, the allograft procedure using mSGOs led to increased salivation, validating the efficacy of our approach.ConclusionsThis study showed that collagen-based hSGOs can be used appropriately in clinical settings and demonstrated the effectiveness of an allograft procedure. Our research has laid the groundwork for the future application of collagen-based hSGOs in allogeneic clinical trials.

The Role of Daratumumab in Treating Pure Red Cell Aplasia After Allogeneic Transplant in Patients With ABO Incompatibility: A Systematic Review

The Role of Daratumumab in Treating Pure Red Cell Aplasia After Allogeneic Transplant in Patients With ABO Incompatibility: A Systematic Review

AML-214 The Role of Daratumumab in Treating Pure Red Cell Aplasia After Allogeneic Transplant in Patients With ABO Incompatibility: A Systematic Review

AML-214 The Role of Daratumumab in Treating Pure Red Cell Aplasia After Allogeneic Transplant in Patients With ABO Incompatibility: A Systematic Review

Barriers to Receiving Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Insights From a Large-Scale Multicenter Observational Study

Barriers to Receiving Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Insights From a Large-Scale Multicenter Observational Study

Quality of Life in 74 Recipients of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation

Quality of Life in 74 Recipients of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation

Evaluation of Elderly Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation: Brazilian Single-Center Outcomes

Evaluation of Elderly Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation: Brazilian Single-Center Outcomes

Long-Term Follow-Up Demonstrates Ongoing Efficacy Benefit of 131I-Apamistamab-led Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Older Patients With Active, R/R AML in the Phase 3 SIERRA Trial

Long-Term Follow-Up Demonstrates Ongoing Efficacy Benefit of 131I-Apamistamab-led Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Older Patients With Active, R/R AML in the Phase 3 SIERRA Trial