Allocation Of Facilities Research Articles

Combining affinity propagation with differential evolution for three-echelon logistics distribution optimization

In order to alleviate urban congestion, improve vehicle mobility and logistics distribution efficiency, the urban logistics distribution system is regarded as a three-echelon logistics distribution system. In this paper, a mathematical model of the 3-echelon logistics distribution problem (3E-LDP) considering time window constraint is established based on the directed graph, and a double-tier intelligent algorithm solution scheme is proposed, which combines the distance entropy-based Affinity Propagation clustering (DEBAP) algorithm and the crossover and selection-based differential evolution algorithm (CSBDE). First of all, in order to reduce the scale of logistics distribution and improve the utilization rate of logistics distribution facilities, the DEBAP algorithm is proposed in the upper tier to divide the logistics distribution region and optimize the distribution of logistics facilities, and the resulting scheme is passed to the vehicle routing optimization algorithm in the lower tier. Secondly, the vehicle routes at all levels are optimized based on the CSBDE algorithm at the lower tier, and the optimized route scheme is fed back to the DEBAP algorithm at the upper tier, so as to coordinate multi-echelon logistics distribution. Then, a search strategy based on the reachable distribution region and a facility allocation optimization strategy based on the weight of routing length are proposed to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Based on the above algorithms, the optimization of the three-echelon logistics distribution system is completed in coordination. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated on the standard benchmark instances of the problem. The experimental results show that the three-echelon logistics model can improve the efficiency of logistics distribution, and the method has the best comprehensive performance, which is better than the most advanced 3E-LDP solution method. It has great potential in practical projects.

Supply-Demand Evaluation of Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) Based on the Model of Coupling Coordination.

The rational spatial allocation of Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI), which is an alternative land development approach for managing stormwater close to the source, exerts a crucial effect on coordinating urban development and hydrological sustainability. The balance between the supply and demand of urban facilities has been an influential standard for determining the rationality of this allocation. However, at this stage, research on evaluating planning from the perspective of supply-demand in GSI is still limited. This study proposed an evaluation method for assessing supply-demand levels in GSIs in Guangzhou, China, using the coupling coordination model consisting of Coupling Degree (CD) and Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD). Furthermore, the spatial distributions of supply-demand balance and resource mismatch were identified. The results indicated that the supply and demand levels of GSI exhibited significant spatial differences in distribution, with most streets being in short supply. The GSI exhibited a high CD value of 0.575 and a poor CCD value of 0.328, implying a significant imbalance in facility allocation. A lot of newly planned facilities failed to effectively cover the streets in need of improvement, so it became essential to adjust the planning scheme. The findings of this study can facilitate the decision-makers in assessing the supply-demand levels in GSI and provide a reference of facility allocation for the sustainable construction of Sponge City.

Scale Effects of Landscape Pattern on Water Quality in Dongjiang River Source Watershed

Based on water quality monitoring data and land use data, Dongjiang River source watershed water quality variation characteristics from 2017 to 2019 and the relationships between the landscape pattern of the Dongjiang River source watershed and water quality were analyzed using spatial analysis, correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis. The results showed that:① the water quality of the Dongjiang River source watershed improved overall, but the total nitrogen pollution was still severe. As of 2019, the annual average concentration of total nitrogen in all sampling points exceeded the type Ⅲ water quality standard. ② At the landscape level, water quality was positively correlated with landscape shape index, number of patches, and Shannon's diversity index but negatively correlated with largest patch index and aggregation index. Considering the land use type, construction land was the primary source of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Landscape shape index and number of forest patches were positively correlated with NH4+-N. The number of forest patches was positively correlated with total phosphorus. However, the largest patch index and aggregation index of the forest were negatively correlated with total phosphorus. The number of patches of grassland was positively correlated with total phosphorus. The aggregation index of grassland was negatively correlated with total phosphorus. ③ It is suggested that management departments should focus on the optimization of the landscape pattern within the 2000 m buffer zone of monitoring points. The reasonable allocation of urban sewage-centralized treatment facilities, strengthening management of abandoned mining areas, improvement of intensive treatment of cultivated land, and construction of shelterbelt in areas where cultivated land is concentrated are beneficial for the water quality of Dongjiang River source watershed.

The impact of traffic on equality of urban healthcare service accessibility: A case study in Wuhan, China

Accessibility to healthcare services strongly correlates with residents' health. As one of the objectives of sustainable cities, the social equality of access to healthcare plays a vital role in the rational allocation of healthcare facilities. However, limited attention has been paid to how the varying traffic conditions impact the equality of access to public service among places or demographic groups. Taking Wuhan, China, as the study area, this paper measured the hourly accessibility to healthcare by using two methods: Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area and Weighted Average Travel Time. Then, it investigated how traffic conditions affected the equality of healthcare services among places or demographic groups at different times. We found that traffic conditions change the accessibility by extending travel time and reducing the likelihood of obtaining healthcare services during peak hours, especially for suburban residents. Regarding equality evaluation, the impact of traffic variability on equality across places is much more significant than that on equality across demographic groups. The results highlight the effects of transport on the equal accessibility of healthcare and provide suggestions to minimise spatial and demographic disparities in healthcare services, meet the need of Sustainable Development Goals, and develop a more sustainable and inclusive society.

Exploring the Spatial Characteristics of Stay Areas in Walking Tours through the Lens of Volunteered GPS Trajectories: A Case Study of the Zhuhai–Macao Metropolitan Area

The stay areas in walking tours are the service and management unit of recreational walking in metropolitan areas. The rational characterization of stay areas in walking tours is of great significance for developing local tourism, constructing appropriate public facilities, optimizing the configuration of tourist elements, and improving facility efficiency. The existing research focuses mainly on functional, top-down classifications of tourism, tourist behavior patterns, and route designs, but it has left tourists’ stay areas largely unaddressed. To fill this gap, we propose a new framework for the interpretation of stay areas in walking tours based on GPS trajectory data and accompanying photos uploaded by users. Taking the Zhuhai–Macao metropolitan area as an example, we first captured the stay points and clustered them to the walking tour stay areas using DBSCAN. The characteristics of the stay areas were then collected, and a hierarchical analysis was conducted in terms of spatial features and geotagged photos. The results show that the stay areas can be grouped into six categories displaying obvious differences in spatial distribution, landscape features, and tourist activities. We also found the connections between Zhuhai City and the Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) to be relatively weak. In conclusion, our results can contribute to tourism planning as well as the further management and allocation of recreational service facilities in the area researched.

How Urban Expansion Triggers Spatio-Temporal Differentiation of Systemic Risk in Suburban Rural Areas: A Case Study of Tianjin, China

Rapid urban expansion has strongly impacted rural development in China’s suburbs. The increasing probability of socio-ecosystem hazards, such as the shrinking and fragmentation of ecological space, the outflow of labor force, the disintegration of traditional society, and the decline in collective economy has become a systemic risk restricting the sustainable development of rural areas in the suburbs. At present, the influence of urban expansion on rural systemic risk in the suburbs is not clear, which is not conducive to putting forward differentiated and targeted strategies for rural revitalization. Therefore, in this study, we propose the ecological, industrial, social, and livelihood elements of rural systemic risk in the suburbs and construct a multi-dimensional risk resistance analysis framework involving functionality, stability, and sustainability. Taking 93 villages in the western suburbs of Tianjin as an example, and using spatial econometric methods such as remote sensing interpretation, GIS analysis, multiple linear regression, and random forest model testing, we analyze the relationship between external transportation construction, urban employment attraction, construction of land growth, rural risk factors, and the dimension of risk resistance. Finally, the influence of urban expansion on the spatial–temporal differentiation of rural systemic risk and the risk management strategy are discussed. The results show that the difference in the urban expansion intensities is the main factor of the spatial differentiation of rural systemic risk in the suburbs. With the acceleration of the land replacement rate between urban and rural areas, the proportion of urban construction of land is increasing, leading to various degrees of change in the rural land use pattern and the ecological security pattern. Meanwhile, because of the urban employment attraction, part of the rural labor force continues to decrease, leading to the spatial differentiation of rural industrial risks and social risks aggravated. Precise risk management strategies are put forward according to the systemic risks in different types of villages. In villages with a high proportion of urban construction land and inefficient land consolidation, ecological restoration projects should be carried out. For villages severely divided by transit roads, internal spatial connections should be strengthened by constructing public transport. For villages with good accessibility, the allocation of rural non-agricultural industries and service facilities should be strengthened to mitigate the impact of urban expansion on the rural social structure. From the perspective of risk management, the research results will provide a basis for making decisions regarding rural public policymaking and spatial resource allocation in the suburbs of developing countries.

Analysis of accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities in urban area: A case study in Shanghai

AbstractThe accessibility to healthcare facilities is closely linked to people's health and quality of life, which is especially evident in densely populated metropolises, such as Shanghai, China. Access to healthcare facilities is determined by various spatial and nonspatial factors, such as population, transportation modes, travel time, and the reputation of hospitals. In this research, with the consideration of all these factors mentioned above, a new approach based on the two‐step floating catchment area method and multi‐source datasets was proposed to measure the accessibility to these hierarchical healthcare facilities in Shanghai, China, including secondary hospitals and tertiary hospitals. In addition, a web mapping Application Programming Interface (API) was employed in this research to retrieve the traffic cost for different transportation modes and the analytic hierarchy process approach was also employed to help calculate the comprehensive accessibility in Shanghai considering both different types of hospitals and different modes of transportation. The results show that depending on modes of transportation, significant differences can be seen in accessibilities to different types of healthcare facilities. The calculated comprehensive accessibility reflects that the central regions in the research area have higher accessibility compared to the surrounding areas in Shanghai in general and more detailed spatial patterns could also been seen from the accessibility map. The research findings can also be utilized to support the better allocation of healthcare facilities at various levels.

Spatio-temporal pattern and allocation efficiency of public service land in rural settlements

The construction of infrastructure and public services is the core of countryside planning. As the carrier of rural public services, the evolutionary pattern and efficiency of rural public service land (RPSL) can directly reflect the development of rural public services. However, existing studies have mainly characterized public service space through the number of public service facilities rather than the area of land occupied. Furthermore, research on public service land in rural settlements is lacking. Taking 273 villages in the Pinggu District of Beijing as an example, this article integrated multi-dimensional data, including geospatial data, big data, and socio-economic data, to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of RPSL from 2004 to 2019. The bi-dimensional allocation efficiency index addressing qualitative and quantitative development was introduced to measure the allocation efficiency of RPSL. The results show that the area of RPSL in Pinggu District has increased by 57.28 ha, and the internal land use structure of RPSL has become balanced. The evolution pattern of RPSL was characterized by both agglomeration and dispersion, as well as by a significant tendency to expand along main roads. The uneven distribution of public service facilities and the significant differences in accessibility reflected the non-equalization of public services. The allocation efficiency of RPSL in 79.23% of the villages was at a low level, which is mainly due to the mismatch between the rural public service land area and the population, the non-differentiated allocation of public service facilities, the uneven public service quality, and the low accessibility of RPSL. In the future, policymakers should plan rural public service land rationally from the perspective of the actual situation, such as setting flexible indicators, building a living circle of rural settlements, and so on. This research will not only enrich the research perspective of rural public services but also provide a reference for the study on the utilization and optimization of rural settlements.

Transit facility allocation: Hybrid quantum-classical optimization.

An essential consideration in urban transit facility planning is service efficiency and accessibility. Previous research has shown that reducing the number of facilities along a route may increase efficiency but decrease accessibility. Striking a balance between these two is a critical consideration in transit planning. Transit facility consolidation is a cost-effective way to improve the quality of service by strategically determining the desirable allocation of a limited number of facilities. This paper develops an optimization framework that integrates Geographical Information systems (GIS), decision-making analysis, and quantum technologies for addressing the problem of facility consolidation. Our proposed framework includes a novel mathematical model that captures non-linear interactions between facilities and surrounding demand nodes, inter-facility competition, ridership demand and spatial coverage. The developed model can harness the power of quantum effects such as superposition and quantum tunnelling and enables transportation planners to utilize the most recent hardware solutions such as quantum and digital annealers, coherent Ising Machines and gate-based universal quantum computers. This study presents a real-world application of the framework to the public transit facility redundancy problem in the British Columbia Vancouver metropolitan area. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework by reducing the number of facilities by 40% while maintaining the same service accessibility. Additionally, we showcase the ability of the proposed mathematical model to take advantage of quantum annealing and classical optimization techniques.

Evaluation method of urban residential environment satisfaction and urban health care based on AI based technology

Urban environmental satisfaction has increasingly become an important indicator to measure people's livelihood. Residents' satisfaction with urban environment involves many variables related to social stratification. In order to better improve the living value of residents and ensure the health of urban environment, this paper optimizes the evaluation method of urban living environment satisfaction combined with speech recognition technology, and discusses the influence of residents on urban environment satisfaction. The results show that the evaluation method has high accuracy and practical application value. It is found that the reasonable allocation of urban public facilities has a negative correlation with urban environmental satisfaction, while the number of urban residents has a positive correlation with urban environmental satisfaction.

Evaluating Locational Preference of Urban Activities with the Time-Dependent Accessibility Using Integrated Spatial Economic Models.

In recent years, accessibility has been considered a vital policy objective in the development of a sustainable transportation system. Accessibility can make a significant contribution to quality of life. The accessibility of desirable locations, such as households and commercial locations, is usually underpinned by land use patterns and transportation infrastructure. The accessibility of different activities is largely determined by the spatial distribution of activities and associated transport networks in a metropolitan area. In order to examine how location choice behaviors of urban activities influence urban forms and land use patterns, accessibility has been used extensively to consider the impact of both the spatial distribution of opportunities (e.g., employment or services) and the transport cost of reaching them. However, in most cases, only those static/aggregate accessibility terms that are represented by the “logsum” of all available transport modes have traditionally been used in urban transport planning and modeling analysis. In this study, according to urban activities, several Integrated Spatial Economic (ISE) models i.e., PECAS (Production, Exchange, Consumption, Allocation, System) models were developed to study the relationship between dynamic, Time-Dependent Accessibility (TDA) and the location choice behavior of urban activities in the City of Wuhan, China. The developed models were then used as tools to investigate the impact of dynamic/disaggregate short-term TDA on location choice behaviors of various urban activities such as households and commercial. Regarding the household location choice, the ISE modeling results revealed that urban households living in the downtown area of the City of Wuhan were sensitive to TDA to employment centers, especially during the morning peak time. In addition, commercial services prefer locations that offer a high level of accessibility during off-peak times. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that planning exercises, such as the development of zoning and the allocation of urban activities and public facilities, pay more attention to dynamic, short-term TDA, which is essential for urban sectors to carry out daily activities, than their static, composite accessibility counterparts.

Do the supply of and demand for rural public service facilities match? Assessment based on the perspective of rural residents

The allocation of public service facilities is a game between social justice and a humanistic care value orientation. Under the background of China's rural revitalisation strategy, the spatial configuration of rural public service facilities pays more attention to the personalised needs of rural residents, the main user, based on the previous spatial layout. In this study, we constructed a theoretical framework for the allocation priority of public service facilities, from the perspective of rural residents; this can be used in the allocation planning of rural public service facilities. The aims of this study were to measure the supply of and demand for various rural public service facilities and explore the configuration priority of various rural public service facilities. To this end, we used the 207 villages in Longxi County in the Longzhong Loess Hilly Region as an example, based on the classification of the supply and demand factors of rural public service facilities, and applied the Urban Network Analysis Toolbox (UNA) toolkit and demand intensity measurement methods. The results indicated that (1) the number and spatial distribution of various types of rural public service facilities were uneven, with the township as the centre and a multi-node clustered distribution. (2) Under different travel modes, there were obvious differences in the number and types of rural public service facilities, and the SC(shopping consumption) and CL(convenience life) lacking classes were higher than SL(sports and leisure) and SECH(science, education, culture, and health). (3) The total demand for rural public service facilities was significantly different (0.4–4), and the demand for CL was the highest. (4) Under different travel conditions or even under the same travel mode, there were obvious differences in the supply of and demand for rural public service facilities. In the context of rural revitalisation, the combination of standardisation, pertinence, differentiation, and balance, helps orderly allocate rural public service facilities, improves the rural living environment, and promotes the space of and social equality in rural public service facilities.

Investigating the Effect of Priority in Customer Service in Optimizing the Hierarchical Location-Allocation of Crowded Facilities in the Framework of Queuing Systems

In this research, the problem of location-hierarchical allocation of crowded facilities has been investigated by considering customers’ priority in serving within the framework of queuing systems. The objective functions of the problem are focused on minimizing the total waiting time of customers and minimizing the maximum unemployment of each facility. The problem model is a multi-objective nonlinear programming model, and to evaluate the efficiency of the model, examples in different dimensions have been solved by a multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) based on minimal sorting. Since the performance of meta-heuristic algorithms is highly dependent on their parameters, the parameters of this algorithm are adjusted using the Taguchi design. The results show that the establishment of the priority system has reduced the average waiting time of all customers compared to the shift system, so it can be concluded that if in designing hierarchical facilities, the goal is to reduce the waiting time of a particular class of customers, they should Prioritize.

Study on Spatial Distribution Equilibrium of Elderly Care Facilities in Downtown Shanghai.

With the growing challenge of aging populations around the world, the study of the care services for older adults is an essential initiative to accommodate the particular needs of the disadvantaged communities and promote social equity. Based on open-source data and the geographic information system (GIS), this paper quantifies and visualizes the imbalance in the spatial distribution of elderly care facilities in 14,578 neighborhoods in downtown (seven districts) Shanghai, China. Eight types of elderly care facilities were obtained from Shanghai elderly care service platform, divided into two categories according to their service scale. With the introduction of the improved Gaussian 2-step floating catchment area method, the accessibility of two category facilities was calculated. Through the global autocorrelation analysis, it is found that the accessibility of elderly care facilities has the characteristics of spatial agglomeration. Local autocorrelation analysis indicates the cold and hot spots in the accessibility agglomeration state of the two types of facilities, by which we summarized the characteristics of their spatial heterogeneity. It is found that for Category−I, there is a large range of hot spots in Huangpu District. For Category−II, the hot-spot and cold-spot areas show staggered distribution, and the two categories of hot spot distribution show a negative correlation. We conclude that the two categories are not evenly distributed in the urban area, which will lead to the low efficiency of resource allocation of elderly care facilities and have a negative impact on social fairness. This research offers a systematic method to study urban access to care services for older adults as well as a new perspective on improving social fairness.

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS' CONTRIBUTIONS TO EDUCATION IN TURKEY

In the last quarter of the 21st century, the development and change that continues with an increasing momentum in economics, technology, and sociological fields with the effect of globalization that has taken the world under its influence. Countries, organizations, institutions and organizations’ managements are faced with situations and decisions that have not been encountered before. With this development and change, the new and complicated needs of the population, increase the work of administrators who want to centrally control social systems. For this reason, central governments had to transfer all or some of their duties, responsibilities, and the expenditure of some of the central budget resources to local governments. Thereby; It has become possible to respond to the needs of the society in a shorter time and more economically, to meet the demands quickly, and to increase the quality of public services. Localization policies have been increasingly implemented in education in developed and developing countries, and reports and roadmaps have been proposed by international organizations in this regard. These applications are; management of educational institutions, financial support, programs, policies regarding students, and transfer of authority, responsibility and resources to local governments in decisions regarding their employees. In Turkey, local governments (municipalities and special provincial administrations) carry out maintenance and repair, construction, building and land allocation of educational facilities within their areas of responsibility, in accordance with their budgets. The purpose of this research is to reveal the contribution of local governments to the financing of education as a result of the legal regulations made and to offer proposals. In this research, by examining the education expenditures, policies and implementation results of the local governments of the developed OECD countries, suggestions are made regarding the improvement of the system in Turkey.

Dynamic Demand Evaluation of COVID-19 Medical Facilities in Wuhan Based on Public Sentiment.

Medical facilities are an important part of urban public facilities and a vital pillar for the survival of citizens at critical times. During the rapid spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Wuhan was forced into lockdown with a severe shortage of medical resources and high public tension. Adequate allocation of medical facilities is significant to stabilize citizens’ emotions and ensure their living standards. This paper combines text sentiment analysis techniques with geographic information system (GIS) technology and uses a coordination degree model to evaluate the dynamic demand for medical facilities in Wuhan based on social media data and medical facility data. This study divided the epidemic into three phases: latent, outbreak and stable, from which the following findings arise: Public sentiment changed from negative to positive. Over half of the subdistricts in three phases were in a dysfunctional state, with a circular distribution of coordination levels decreasing from the city center to the outer. Thus, when facing major public health emergencies, Wuhan revealed problems of uneven distribution of medical facilities and unreasonable distribution of grades. This study aims to provide a basis and suggestions for the city to respond to major public health emergencies and optimize the allocation of urban medical facilities.

A Community Resilience Evaluation and Optimization Strategy based on Stormwater Management

In the context of disaster normalization, the concept of “resilience” has been gradually introduced into the field of disaster prevention and mitigation in urban communities. In order to resist the increasingly frequent disasters caused by extreme weather, it is necessary to shift the focus of building resilient urban communities to the level of stormwater management. Community resilience is a disaster prevention and mitigation capability based on community resources. In order to solve the deficiency of storm and flood management in the current construction of resilient communities in China, it is necessary to establish a quantitative evaluation system to evaluate it. This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method to establish a community resilience evaluation system from the perspectives of community material space level, community management level and individual level. Then three communities in Hefei City, Anhui Province are selected for practical application of the system, and corresponding optimization and transformation strategies are proposed. The results show that: (1) The resilience of community stormwater management is closely related to the integrated environment of the community, the allocation of flood control facilities and the daily disaster prevention and mitigation management; (2) The ability of disaster prevention and mitigation and the awareness of public participation of the residents in all communities are relatively weak, and the communities invest less in the popularization of stormwater management wisdom; and (3) Resilient communities should not only pay attention to the construction of non-engineering disaster prevention measures, but also to the application of small-scale green infrastructure oriented toward stormwater management.

The Demand for Specialization and Its Influence on the Design of Inpatient Nursing Units: Can Standardized Design Be Done Once and for All?

This study explores the specialized nursing requirements of different clinical departments and their influence on the design of nursing units, which ultimately improves the nursing staff's efficiency and work experience. Specialization of nursing work is important in the provision of quality of healthcare. Most of the research related to nursing units has focuses on general medical-surgical nursing units and has not differentiated between clinical departments. This study was conducted in one inpatient building at a large general hospital in China. Survey data were collected from 11 clinical departments via questionnaire, and interviews were conducted in 10 of the clinical departments. All 11 clinical departments had significant differences in their evaluations of and requirements for the arrangement of their physical space. Specialized requirements were found in three areas: nursing work processes, arrangement and needs of clinical spaces, and allocation of facilities and equipment. Evaluation of the specialized requirements of different clinical departments would contribute to the body of knowledge on nursing unit design and has a positive effect on the development and improvement of design theory. Suggestions for how the design of nursing units could be improved to support the specialized demands of different departments are provided.

A rapid rise in hormone receptor-positive and HER2-positive breast cancer subtypes in Southern Thai women: A population-based study in Songkhla.

The incidence of breast cancer is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, including Thailand. However, its molecular immunohistochemical (M-IHC) subtypes have not been summarized in a population-based cancer registry. Thus, we aimed to estimate the breast cancer incidence and trends based on the hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. This cross-sectional study included 2,883 women diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer between 2009 and 2018 from the Songkhla Cancer Registry. After imputing the missing values of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 status, the cases were classified into four subtypes: HR+/HER2-, HR+/HER2+, HR-/HER2-, and HR-/HER2+. The age-specific incidence rate of 5-year age groups and age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) were calculated. An age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to describe the effects of age, birth cohort, and period of diagnosis. Finally, the incidence trends were extrapolated to 2030 based on the APC and joinpoint models. The results showed, HR+/HER2- had the highest ASR in breast cancer. The incidence trends of HR+/HER2- and HR+/HER2+ increased with an annual percent change of 5.4% (95%CI: 2.5% to 8.3%) and 10.1% (95%CI: 4.9% to 15.5%), respectively. The rate ratio was high in the younger generation and recent period of diagnosis. The joinpoint and APC model projections showed that the ASR of HR+/HER2- would reach 30.0 and 29.2 cases per 100,000 women, while ASR of the HR+/HER2+ would reach 8.8 and 10.4 cases per 100,000 women in 2030. On the other hand, the incidence trends of the HR-/HER2- and HR-/HER2+ subtypes were stable. The rising trends of HR-positive and a part of HER2-positive breast cancer forecast a dynamicity of the future health care budgeting, resource allocation, and provision of facilities.

Location Allocation Collaborative Optimization of Emergency Temporary Distribution Center under Uncertainties

Emergencies cause uncertainty in supply chain environment and risks of disruption. Mitigating such risks in emergency supply chain relies on efficient relief material distribution, and in the distribution logistics system, emergency facility location interacts with material allocation clearly. This paper aims to provide a collaborative optimization for the location allocation of temporary emergency distribution centers, with objectives of minimizing rescue time and maximizing demand satisfaction rate. A location allocation model of emergency logistics is formulated by considering uncertain demand and supply information at the response stage of disaster relief. The model is solved by a plant growth simulation algorithm. At last, the feasibility and effectiveness of the model and algorithm in practical application are verified by evaluating a case of COVID-19 prevention and control in Handan city. This paper provides references for decision makers to accomplish the location allocation of emergency facilities and material distribution when dealing with actual situations.