Allium Tuncelianum Research Articles

Investigation of Antioxidant Properties and Bioactive Composition of Allium tuncelianum ((Kollman) Ozhatay, Matthew & Siraneci) and Allium sativum L.

In the present study, the extracts of Allium tuncelianum and Allium sativum L. were evaluatedfor antioxidant capacities, fatty acid, amino acid and phenolic compositions. In order to evaluate the antioxidantcapacity of the extracts, total antioxidant amount, radical scavenging and chelating activities, reducing powerby cupric reducing antioxidant capacity and ferric reduction antioxidant power methods were performed andcompared with reference antioxidants. Quantitative amounts of phenolic compounds were determined by theliquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high performance liquidchromatography methods were used for the fat / fatty acid and amino acid compositions, respectively. The contentof p-Coumaric acid in Tunceli garlic was found higher compared to the cultuvated garlic. Total antioxidant capacityIC50 values were determined in Tunceli garlic as 72.20 µg ml-1; in cultuvated garlic as 63.80 µg ml-1. In termsof fatty acid compositions, Tunceli garlic (ω-3, 3.92%; ω-6, 46.91%; ω-9, 14.16%) was observed having moreeffective level of essential omega acids compared to the cultuvated garlic (ω-3, 3.20%; ω-6, 50.37%; ω-9, 5.18%).According to essential amino acid contents, the Tunceli garlic was found to be richer than cultuvated garlic. As aresult, due to the high biological activity of Tunceli garlic, it would be more beneficial in diet, in terms of cancerand cardiovascular disease treatment.

Determination of drying kinetics of Tunceli garlic with microwave drying technique

In this study, drying kinetics of 4 mm-thick slices of Tunceli garlic (Allium tuncelianum) was investigated by using microwave technique at an interval of 90-600 W microwave output power. Ten mathematical models were used to represent the experimental data in this study. The determination of coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), chi-square (χ2) and percentage error (E%) values that show compatibility to these models were determined. The determination of coefficient (R2) values were found to vary at an interval of 0.9440-0.9993. The Midilli et al model was determined to be the best model that represents the experimental data. It was seen that drying rate increases with the increase in microwave output power (P) and decreases with the increase in sample mass (m). Effective diffusion coefficients (Deff) and drying rate constants (k) were determined for different sample masses at microwave output power of 90 W. Activation energies for both effective diffusion coefficients and drying rate constants were determined by using an Arrhenius type exponential equation. Activation energies from effective diffusion coefficients and drying rate constants were found as 3.85 W g-1 and 3.99 W g-1 respectively.

Improved in vitro regeneration and propagation of Tunceli garlic (Allium tuncelianum L.)

SummaryOver-exploitation of endemic and threatened Tunceli garlic [Allium tuncelianum (Kollman) N. Ozhatay, B. Mathew & Siraneci] for household purposes has threatened the species and requires that a reliable, improved tissue culture protocol be developed for its conservation. Leaf tips, the middle portions of leaves, leaf bases, vertically-sectioned halved or quartered bulbs, horizontally-sectioned upper and lower bulb halves, and root tip explants were cultured on 1.0× Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0 mg l–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0 mg l–1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) plus 0.5 mg l–1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The results indicated that root tip explants were most suitable for bulblet regeneration on 1.0× MS medium containing 5.0 mg l–1 BAP plus 0.5 mg l–1 NAA. All other explants failed to regenerate on different concentrations of BAP plus NAA, or on 2,4-D. The regenerated bulblets were acclimatised at 24º ± 1ºC and 80.0% relative humidity under growth chamber conditions, then transferred to pots containing peat-moss in a greenhouse. The results will be important for garlic breeders and researchers.

Volatiles in an endemic Allium specie: Allium tuncelianum by headspace solid phase microextraction

The volatile components of an endemic garlic, Allium tuncelianum were extracted using solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by Gas chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 14 volatile components were identified in red and green garlic. Most of the identified compounds were sulphur compounds. The main sulphur compound was diallyl disulfide and its content in red and green garlic was 72.52 % and 67.33 %, respectively. In analysis of volatile compounds, importance of differences in content of red and green garlic were found in methyl allyl disulfide content.

Use of Tissue Culture Techniques for Producing Virus‐Free Plant in Garlic and Their Identification through Real‐Time PCR

This study was performed for comparison of meristem culture technique with shoot tip culture technique for obtaining virus-free plant, comparison of micropropagation success of two different nutrient media, and determination of effectiveness of real-time PCR assay for the detection of viruses. Two different garlic species (Allium sativum and Allium tuncelianum) and two different nutrient media were used in this experiment. Results showed that Medium 2 was more successful compared to Medium 1 for both A. tuncelianum and A. sativum (Kastamonu garlic clone). In vitro plants obtained via meristem and shoot tip cultures were tested for determination of onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) through real-time PCR assay. In garlic plants propagated via meristem culture, we could not detect any virus. OYDV and LYSV viruses were detected in plants obtained via shoot tip culture. OYDV virus was observed in amount of 80% and 73% of tested plants for A. tuncelianum and A. sativum, respectively. LYSV virus was found in amount of 67% of tested plants of A. tuncelianum and in amount of 87% of tested plants of A. sativum in this study.

Mutajenik Ajan Mitomisin C ile Uyarılmış Kromozom Aberrasyona Karşı Allium Tuncelianum Etanolik Ekstraktının İn Vitro Antimutajenik Etkinliği

Mutajenik Ajan Mitomisin C ile Uyarılmış Kromozom Aberrasyona Karşı Allium Tuncelianum Etanolik Ekstraktının İn Vitro Antimutajenik Etkinliği

Genetic characterization of Allium tuncelianum: An endemic edible Allium species with garlic odor

Allium tuncelianum (Kollman) Özhatay, Matthew & Şiraneci is a native species to the Eastern Anatolia. Its plant architecture resembles garlic ( Allium sativum L.) and it has mild garlic odor and flavor. Because of these similarities between two species, A. tuncelianum has been locally called “garlic”. In addition, both A. tuncelianum and garlic has 16 chromosomes in their diploid genomes. Recently, A. tuncelianum has been suggested as the wild progenitor species of garlic. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) markers and nucleotide sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) were used to assess genetic and phylogenetic relationships among A. tuncelianum, garlic and some other Allium species. AFLP analysis demonstrated that A. tuncelianum and garlic are genetically distinct and they are likely different species. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nucleotide sequence of ITS suggested that A. tuncelianum and garlic are distinct species and placed A. tuncelianum, garlic, Allium ampeloprasum and Allium scorodoprasum into the same clade in the neighbor joining dendrogram and in the consensus tree of parsimony analysis. However, A. tuncelianum was phylogenetically less related to garlic than either A. ampeloprasum or A. scorodoprasum, suggesting that A. tuncelianum may not be the immediate wild ancestor species of garlic. Further studies to generate hybrid progeny between A. tuncelianum and garlic (if possible) could provide more information on the homology between the chromosomes of A. tuncelianum and garlic and genetic relationships between these two species.