Allium Cepa Var Research Articles

Influence of Planting Distances, Boron Application and Varying Fertilizer Levels on the yield Performance of Shallot (Allium Cepa var. Aggregatum) Across Season in Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Shallots are gaining importance in the Ilocos region, due to their culinary uses in traditional cuisine, medicinal properties, and export potential. However, the reduction of inherent soil fertility and the manifestation of multiple nutrient deficiencies have led to low yields which is 13.70% lower than the national average. Consequently, researchers and farmers are aware in the improvement of shallot production in the region. This study, conducted from March, 2023 to February, 2024, at Mariano Marcos State University using a Strip-Split-Plot design with three replicates and analyzed using STAR. Planting distances as vertical plot, boron application as horizontal plot, and fertilizer level as the subplot. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of planting distances on yield performance of shallots, and to develop better nutrient management strategies for optimal shallot production. To optimized shallot productivity per land unit area, particularly during the off-season, it is recommended to adopt closer planting distances of 15cm x 10cm combined with the application of 30-30-30 kgha⁻¹ NP₂O₅K₂O and 5 tha⁻¹ of organic fertilizer. This technique has been shown to produce higher yields, reaching up to 17.39 tha⁻¹. Additionally, pure organic fertilizer application at a rate of 7.5 tha⁻¹ during the off-season is also recommended, as it has demonstrated high yields of 16.12 tha⁻¹ when using the same planting distance of 15 cm x 10 cm. This approach not only increases yield but also improves soil health, making it a sustainable option for long-term cultivation. For the regular season, planting distances of 20 cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x 15 cm, applied with 60-60-60 kg ha⁻¹ NP₂O₅K₂O and 2.5 tons ha⁻¹ of organic fertilizer, are recommended, as they have produced yields of up to 29.4 tons ha⁻¹. While pure inorganic fertilizer results in high yields during the regular season, a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is preferred to enhance soil health and prevent soil d

First report of iris yellow spot virus infecting shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) in Australia

AbstractIn 2019, symptoms typical of infection by iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; family Tospoviridae, genus Orthotospovirus) were observed on shallot (A. cepa var. aggregatum) grown at the Gatton Research Facility, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland. Initial testing by DAS-ELISA was positive for IYSV, and subsequent specific RT-PCR amplifying part of the RdRp (L-segment) and sequencing of amplicons confirmed the IYSV infection. This is the first record of IYSV infection of shallot in Australia.

Evaluation of varieties and standardization of planting time on quality and storage attributes in multiplier onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum Don.) under southern Telangana region

Evaluation of varieties and standardization of planting time on quality and storage attributes in multiplier onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum Don.) under southern Telangana region

Molecular Identification of Three Potyviruses Infecting Allium cepa var. aggregatum and Allium sativum in Central Cultivation Areas of Indonesia

One hundred and twenty shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) and 22 garlic (Allium sativum) samples were collected from major growing regions and markets to determine the distribution and molecular diversity of 3 potyviruses: leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), and shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV) in Indonesia. The results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that 83% of shallot and all garlic samples were infected by at least 1 virus species. Coat protein (CP) region of 8 Indonesian LYSV, 19 OYDV, and 10 SYSV isolates were sequenced and given accession nos. OR772038-OR772082 in NCBI GenBank. Five isolates were recombinants according to analysis using the Recombination Detection Program (RDP v5.30). The phylogenetic tree deduced that 6 LYSV Indonesian and 2 China imported isolates belong to S-type. All tested OYDV isolates, including the 19 isolates, were clustered separately according to their respective hosts: onion and garlic. The 10 Indonesian SYSV isolates were clustered together in the same group and thus shown to be closely related. All isolates tested in this study were estimated to be still within their respective species demarcation according to percentage identity analysis. This was the most comprehensive molecular study on LYSV, OYDV, and SYSV that may help to find sustainable management strategies according to conditions in Indonesia and contribute to the global knowledge on the genetic diversity of the 3 viruses.

Effect of NPK and ZK Fertilizers on N-total, N Uptake, and Yield of Shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) on Inceptisol

Effect of NPK and ZK Fertilizers on N-total, N Uptake, and Yield of Shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) on Inceptisol

Enhancement of Production and Food Security Through Sustainable Shallot Cultivation

Abstract Increasing food production and security has become the main focus in facing global challenges. In this context, cultivating shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) with a sustainable approach is critical to meeting sustainable food needs. Shallot is one of the horticultural crops that contribute significantly to farmers’ food needs, income, economy, and food supply in Indonesia. However, conventional shallot cultivation practices often face problems such as soil degradation, ecosystem damage, and dependence on synthetic chemicals. Therefore, sustainable shallot cultivation is vital to increase productivity, yield quality, and environmental sustainability. This article provides information and examines a sustainable systems approach in shallot cultivation involving organic farming practices, efficient water management, integrated weed control, and biological protection against diseases and pests. The use of varieties that are resistant to diseases and pests, as well as adaptive to climate change, are also important factors in sustainable shallot cultivation. In this case, technology and innovation in plant breeding can provide solutions to produce more resilient and productive shallot varieties. Sustainable shallot cultivation offers economic benefits for farmers and maintains environmental sustainability and food availability for the community. Therefore, collaboration between the government, farmers, research institutions, and the private sector is key in encouraging the adoption of sustainable practices in shallot cultivation.

Application Techniques of Photosynthesis Bacteria and Its Effect on The Growth and Yield of Local Bantul Shallot Variety (Allium cepa var. aggregatum cv. Crok Kuning)

Application Techniques of Photosynthesis Bacteria and Its Effect on The Growth and Yield of Local Bantul Shallot Variety (Allium cepa var. aggregatum cv. Crok Kuning)

Effect of seed priming treatment on seed germination of Allium cepa var. aggregatum under laboratory condition

Effect of seed priming treatment on seed germination of Allium cepa var. aggregatum under laboratory condition

Effects of Biochar Type on the Growth and Harvest Index of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

This study examined using peanut shells, rice husks, and cocoa husks as soil conditioners to boost yields in Allium cepa var. Alvara onions. Three types of biochar and four application rates (1%, 1.5%, 3%, and 5%) were compared to a control with no biochar. The biochars had different nutrient makeups, with cocoa husk biochar (CHB) containing the most essential elements. While overall plant growth (height, leaves, and roots) was not significantly affected (p > 0.05) by any biochar type compared to the control, some plant parts responded differently. CHB (5%) and peanut husk biochar (PHB) (1%) yielded the tallest onion plants (71 and 65 cm), while 1% rice and cocoa biochar resulted in the shortest (below 42 cm). PHB (3% and 5%) produced the longest roots (9 cm), while 1.5% rice husk biochar (RHB) had the shortest. Biochar application had no significant effect on leaf count. However, specific application rates of RHB and PHB increased the harvest index (HI), indicating more efficient yield allocation. HI values > 0.85 were obtained with specific biochar rates (e.g., 1.0–1.5% PHB, 1.5–5% RHB, or 5.0% CHB).

Field Experiment on Integrated Nutrient Management in Aggregatum Onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum)

A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, U.T. of Puducherry during the summer season of 2023 to investigate the integrated effects of organics and bioenhancers on the growth, bulb yield and quality of aggregatum onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) cv ‘Perambalur Local’. The experiment utilized a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications, incorporating two factors viz., fertilizers level (F1 with 6 levels) and bioenhancers (F2 with 3 levels), resulting in eighteen treatments in a factorial manner. The study materials included vermicompost, poultry manure, panchagavya and jeevamirtham, in addition to recommended Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and N, P, K fertilizers. Noteworthy observations were made in the treatment receiving Recommended Dose of FYM (RDFYM) + 75% N + Recommended Dose of P (RDP) + Recommended Dose of K (RDK) + 25% N through Poultry manure, coupled with the application of jeevamirtham at 500 L ha-1 as a soil drench thrice, coinciding with irrigation at planting, 20 and 45 days after planting (DAP). This treatment exhibited significant enhancements in various parameters including maximum plant height at 30 DAP (31.40 cm), leaf girth at 30 DAP (1.94 cm), number of leaves plant-1 at 30 DAP (25.80), fresh weight of top (12.26 g), polar (3.17 cm) and equatorial diameter of bulblet (2.94 cm), bulblet weight (9.30 g), number of bulblets plant-1 (10.00), maximum bulb yield (43.18 g plant-1 and 6.91 t ha-1) and dry matter production of bulbs (788.51 kg ha-1). These findings underscore the efficacy of integrating organic inputs and bioenhancers in optimizing the growth, yield and quality of aggregatum onion.

Evaluation of improved shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum) varieties for yield and yield related traits in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Shallot (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum Backer) is an important vegetable crop cultivated by small holder farmers for consumption in Gamo mid and high lands. However, its production and productivity is constrained by lack of improved shallot varieties in the study area. Field experiment was conducted in Gamo Zone during 2021 and 2022 cropping season. The objective of the experiment was to select well adaptive and high yielding shallot varieties for the study areas. Eight shallot varieties in two sets (bulb propagated sets and seed propagated sets) were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications by using double row spacing of 40cm x 20cm in Plot size of 2.4m x 2m. The combined analysis of the mean over years showed that there was a statistical significant mean difference (P<0.01) among the varieties for yield and some yield related traits. Among the bulb propagated varieties tested, the highest number of splits (13.75) per plant (bulb) was recorded by variety ‘’DZSHT-00/2” followed by “Minjar” (12.18). Similarly, “DZSHT-00/2” gave the highest bulb yield (21.22 t ha-1) followed by “Minjar” (19.27 t ha-1). On the other hand, the highest marketable bulb yield of 9.61 t ha-1 was recorded by variety “Tropics” followed by “DZSHT-157-21” (7.47 t ha-1). Hence, varieties “DZSHT-005/2” and “Tropics” are recommended for popularization and production due to their better yield and adaptability in the study area.

Purification and characterization of crude fructooligosaccharides extracted from red onion (Allium cepa var. viviparum) by yeast treatment

BackgroundYeast treatment has been used for purification of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs). However, the main drawback of this approach is that yeast can only partially remove sucrose from crude FOSs. The main objective of this research was to screen yeast strains for the capability of selectively consuming unwanted sugars, namely fructose, glucose, and sucrose, in crude FOSs extracted from red onion (Allium cepa var. viviparum) with minimal effect on FOS content.ResultsAmong 43 yeast species isolated from Miang, ethnic fermented tea leaves, and Assam tea flowers, Candida orthopsilosis FLA44.2 and Priceomyces melissophilus FLA44.8 exhibited the greatest potential to specifically consume these unwanted sugars. In a shake flask, direct cultivation of C. orthopsilosis FLA44.2 was achieved in the original crude FOSs containing an initial FOSs concentration of 88.3 ± 1.2 g/L and 52.9 ± 1.2 g/L of the total contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose. This was successful with 93.7% purity and 97.8% recovery after 24 h of cultivation. On the other hand, P. melissophilus FLA48 was limited by initial carbohydrate concentration of crude FOSs in terms of growth and sugar utilization. However, it could directly purify two-fold diluted crude FOSs to 95.2% purity with 92.2% recovery after 72 h of cultivation. Purification of crude FOSs in 1-L fermenter gave similar results to the samples purified in a shake flask. Extracellular β-fructosidase was assumed to play a key role in the effective removal of sucrose. Both Candida orthopsilosis FLA44.2 and P. melissophilus FLA44.8 showed γ-hemolytic activity, while their culture broth had no cytotoxic effect on viability of small intestinal epithelial cells, preliminarily indicating their safety for food processing. The culture broth obtained from yeast treatment was passed through an activated charcoal column for decolorization and deodorization. After being freeze dried, the final purified FOSs appeared as a white granular powder similar to refined sugar and was odorless since the main sulfur-containing volatile compounds, including dimethyl disulfide and dipropyl trisulfide, were almost completely removed.ConclusionThe present purification process is considered simple and straight forward, and provides new and beneficial insight into utilization of alternative yeast species for purification of FOSs.

Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber) crude extract induces polyploidy in shallot root (Allium cepa war ascalonium (L))

This study investigates the impact of induction time and concentration of Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber) crude extract on the effectiveness of polyploidy in shallot root (Allium cepa var ascalonium (L). Several parameters were observed, including the mitotic index of cells, the type of polyploidy, percentages of polyploidy cells, and the morphological changes in the polyploid shallot root (Allium cepa var ascalonium (L)) cell. Variations in the concentration of Elephantopus scaber extract were used namely 0% (control), 10%, 20%, and 30% in 100 ml of distilled water. The response variable was the percentages mitotic index formed. Control variables were the type of onion, the size of the onion, the extracted E. scaber variety, the extract volume, and the environmental conditions of the experiment. All parts of Tapak Liman as extracted using the water crude extraction method on all aspects of Tapak Liman. Red onion cell root preparations were squashed and dyed using hematoxylin dyes. The data obtained were mitotic index, % of polyploidy cell counts, polyploidy types, and morphological changes in the polyploid cell onion roots. Data are presented in tabular and graphical form and interpreted using quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive methods. From the research results, the best concentration to induce polyploidy in shallot root was 30% of Tapak Liman extract with a polyploid cell percentage of 58.65%. The best polyploid was 45 hours, with the percentage of polyploid-induced cells being 37.1%. The best combination of concentration and length of induction of crude extract of Tapak Liman was a concentration of 30% 45 hours induction time resulting in 87,35% polyploid cells.

Potential of Compost Enriched with Bacillus velezensis B-27 and Bacillus cereus RC76 for the Management of Twisted Disease on Shallots

Shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum.) is a horticultural plant that is widely consumed in the world. However, the productivity of shallots in Indonesia is still relatively low, if compared to the actual optimum production potential of shallot. Shallot cultivation in Indonesia often experiences many problems. One of the problems is twisted diseases caused by Fusarium sp. This research aimed to study the effect of the application of organic material enriched with Bacillus in suppressing the development of twisted disease of shallot. This study was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 treatments namely (A) compost + Bacillus velezensis isolate B-27, (B) compost + Bacillus cereus isolate RC76, (C) B. velezensis isolate B-27+B. cereus isolate RC76+compost, (D) compost + Trichoderma asperellum and (E) control (compost 1 ton/ha) with 5 replications on glasshouse treatment and 3 replications on field treatment. The results showed that the combination of B. velezensis in compost effectively reduced the incidence of twisted disease, the number of Fusarium spp. colonies, and the number of infected bulbs by Fusarium sp. Besides, the combination of compost with microbial agents showed better results than compost single treatment.

Etiology of Anthracnose Disease on Shallots Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Etiology of Anthracnose Disease on Shallots Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides 
 Anthracnose disease can occur in all growth phases of shallot plants (Allium cepa var. aggregatum); however, disease development and characteristics of the causal agent are not yet known. This research was conducted to study the etiology of anthracnose disease through in vivo and in vitro approach, which includes symptom development, incubation period, and pathogen characteristics. Early symptom of the disease is indicated by the appearance of white spots which then enlarge and finally caused the tissue dies. The typical symptom involves the presence of a concentric orange-brown pattern on the spots with incubation period of 2-4 days. The morphological characteristics of the pathogen colony are white, the conidium is cylindrical, the hyphae are septate. Other character includes the presence of acervulus and setae. Molecular identification of the pathogen showed 99.51% homology with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides accession KT390192.1 from China which originates from tobacco plants.

Pengaruh Kompres Bawang Merah Allium Cepa Var Aggregatum Terhadap Nyeri Sendi Penderita Gout Arthritis di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tuminting Kota Manado

Gout Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease caused by the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in the body. Onion compress is a current form the treatment of gout arthritis with no side effects. The aim of this research is a to determine the effectivennes of shallot (Allium Cepa Var Aggregatum) compress on joint pain Gout Arhtritis patients at the Working Area, Public Health Center Tuminting Manado. The research conducted by using a pre-experimental (pre and post test design). The samples were 13 subjekts which taken using total sampling technique. Research instruments used observation sheet and SOP for measurement with the NRS (Numeric Rating Scale). Analyzed data by using a Wilcoxon test with the significance level α = 0,01. The results of this research obtained a value p=0.002 (α≤0.05), which means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, so that can be concluded there were an effectivennes of shallot (Allium Cepa Var Aggregatum) compress on joint pain Gout Arhtritis patients at the Working Area, Public Health Center Tuminting Manado. The conclusion of this research is that there is an effectivennes of shallot (Allium Cepa Var Aggregatum) compress on joint pain Gout Arhtritis patients at the Working Area, Public Health Center Tuminting Manado. Advice to subjekts who often experience gout arthritis pain is to treat it themselves by using shallot compresses.

Development of chloroplast derived SSR markers for genus Allium and their characterization in the allies for genetic improvement of Alliums

Alliums are the most popular for their culinary usage and nutraceutical benefits. Their production is greatly affected by the multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Poor characterizations of genetic resources are the major bottleneck in the genetic improvement of Alliums. Chloroplast-derived simple sequence repeat has recently gained much popularity due to their maternal inheritance and low recombination along with their hypervariable nature. In this study, 22 of the 28 chloroplast-derived markers from chloroplast genomes of A. cepa and A. sativum were reported as polymorphic and cross-transferable. Tetra nucleotide repeats were more prevalent (52 %) in these 22 cpSSR markers as compared to other repeat motifs. Further polymorphic information content of these 22cpSSR markers ranged from 0.007 to 0.427. Based on the genotyping of 22cpSSR markers, 25 Alliums were clustered into two groups (groups I, IIA, and IIB). This showed that cultivated Allium cepa and Allium sativum belong to group II rather than the majority of wild Alliums, which belong to group I. Hence This proved the widespread use of these AccpSSR and AscpSSR markers. Additionally, it was clear from 79 Alliums morphological and genotyping-based clustering that these 79 wild Alliums exhibit strong clustering consistency in genotyping and phenotyping-based dendrograms, hence confirming these cpSSR's discrimination potential. Allium tuberosum Rottler ex. Spreng is quite distinct from Allium fistulosum L, A. schoenoprasumas as well as Allium cepa var. aggregatum G.Don. Further Allium fistulosum L, A. schoenoprasum and Allium cepa var. aggregatum are closely related, according to genotyping-based dendrograms of 79 wild Alliums. Hence Allium fistulosum L, A. schoenoprasum, and Allium cepa provide a brilliant opportunity for introgression of the high total soluble content, high quercetin content, and allicin content of cultivated Allium into wild Allium as well as the biotic and abiotic stress tolerance of wild Alliums into cultivated Alliums. Subsequent clustering of 79 Alliums further allowed us to identify diverse Alliums for constructing a core collection. Hence present study will be useful for molecular breeding and genomic selection-based crop improvement.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMPRES BAWANG MERAH TERHADAP PENURUNAN SUHU TUBUH PADA BALITA DEMAM DI PUSKESMAS KEMBARAN 1

Fever in toddlers is one sign of toddlers experiencing infectious diseases. Fever that is not handled properly can cause negative impacts such as seizures, one of the treatments for fever can be done with non-pharmacological treatment. Non-pharmacological treatment can be done using traditional medicines such as red onion (Allium Cepa var. ascalonicum). The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of giving red onion compresses on reducing body temperature in toddlers with fever. Work Area of the Kembaran Health Center 1. The design was a pre-experimental design with the type of one group pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study were toddlers who had a fever at the Kembaran I Health Center 15 respondents with purposive sampling technique. The instrument used an observation sheet and a thermometer. Data analysis used paired t-test. The results showed that the average body temperature in toddlers with fever before giving red onion compresses was 37.98oC and after giving red onion compresses in the first 5 minutes 37.87 oC, at 10 minutes 37.71 oC and at 15 minutes 37.47 oC. There is an effect of giving shallot compresses to decrease body temperature in feverish toddlers in the working area of the Kembaran 1 Health Center with a p-value of 0.0001 (< 0.05). The conclusion is that giving red onion compresses for 15 minutes can reduce the body temperature of toddlers with fever by 0.51oC.

Identification of Superior Genotypes for Yield and Quality in Multiplier Onion

Background: Multiplier onion is one of the most important crops of Tamil Nadu. It is having lot of health benefits like anti-inflammatory, anti cholesterol, anticancer and antioxidant properties, lowering the toxigenicity of oils. It also shows chemo preventive effects and lowers down the risk of effect on gastric cancer. Considering the importance of multiplier onion an attempt was made to evaluate the multiplier onion genotypes to identify the best yielding genotype.
 Methods: Seven genotypes of multiplier onion (Allium cepa var aggregatum) were evaluated under Northern transitional zone of Karnataka at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad both during Kharif and Rabi for yield and quality parameters.
 Results: The outcome of the experiment revealed that over the seasons, the genotype MP16-24 was registered highest total yield (167.86 q/ha), marketable yield (160.41q/ha), TSS (15.41), average bulb weight (4.64g)and less number of bolters, low infestation of thrips (7.83) and purple blotch (7.66). Therefore, the genotype MP 16-24 can be commercially grown under Dharwad conditions during both Kharif and Rabi because of its favorable characters.

Studi Penggunaan Safranin dan Kolkisin dalam Pengamatan Kromosom pada Sel Akar Bawang Bombay (Allium cepa Var)

Based on the results of initial observations it was found that the use of safranin and colchicine showed less than optimal results. The purpose of this study was to observe the phases of mitotic division seen in the use of safranin and colchicine in onion (Allium cepa Var) root cells. The stages of the research included the stages of making preparations, namely root growth, root cutting, fixation, maceration, staining, and squashing. and continued with the observation of the phase of mitotic division which appeared microscopically. The data obtained were from the results of observing the cleavage phase in the chromosomes of the onion root cells, then analyzed descriptively and then comparatively to show what cleavage phases were due to safranin and colchicine staining with different soaking times. Based on the observed cell division phase of onion (Allium cepa Var) roots, safranin was more effective than colchicine with 30 minutes of soaking time.