Allium Cepa Extract Research Articles

The Salutary Role of Allium cepa Extract on the Liver Histology, Liver Oxidative Status and Liver Marker Enzymes of Rabbits Submitted to Alcohol-induced Toxicity

The Salutary Role of Allium cepa Extract on the Liver Histology, Liver Oxidative Status and Liver Marker Enzymes of Rabbits Submitted to Alcohol-induced Toxicity

The role of Allium cepa on aluminum-induced reproductive dysfunction in experimental male rat models.

AIM:Reproductive toxicity is a major challenge associated with aluminum (Al) exposure. Studies that associated Al with reproductive dysfunction did not account for the possible influence of Allium cepa extract. This study, therefore, investigates the influence of A. cepa on aluminum-induced reproductive dysfunction.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Six male rats per group were assigned to one of the following four treatment groups: The control animals were on control diet. A. cepa-treated rats received 1 ml of the extract/100 g body weight (BW), Al-treated rats received 100 mg AlCl3 /kg BW, and A.cepa+Al received 1 ml of the extract/100 g BW plus 100 mg AlCl3 /kg BW. Rats were orally administered their respective doses. A. cepa treatment was for 8 weeks, while Al treatment was for the last 3 days of the experimental period.RESULTS:Results obtained showed that Al significantly decreased (P < 0.05) plasma testosterone, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), sperm count, motility, morphology and viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, while lipid peroxidation index [malondialdehyde (MDA)] was significantly (P < 0.05) increased. Reproductive hormones (except testosterone), sperm qualities, and enzymatic antioxidants were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in A. cepa-treated rats and A. cepa plus Al-treated rats, while MDA was significantly (P < 0.05) improved. Weights of testes were comparable in all groups.CONCLUSION:It is thus suggested that Al exerts reproductive dysfunction by oxidative damage. A. cepa antagonizes the toxic effects of AlCl3 and improves the antioxidant status and sperm quality of male rat. However, testosterone level did not increase with A. cepa treatment.

Testicular toxicity and sperm quality following cadmium exposure in rats: Ameliorative potentials of Allium cepa

AIMS:This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Allium cepa crude extract on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in rats.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups (n = 6). Group 1 was used as control, group 2 was administered 0.3 mg/kgBW of cadmium sulfate (CdSO4) intraperitoneally for 3 days, group 3 was pretreated with 1 ml/100 g BW of Allium cepa (AcE) for 8 weeks followed by intraperitoneal administration of 0.3 mg/kgBW of CdSO4 in the last 3 days of experiment, and group 4 was administered 1 ml/100 g BW of AcE throughout the experiment. Testicular weight and semen analysis revealing the sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology was carried out. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities, and lipid peroxidation status were also carried out in testes.RESULTS:The study demonstrated that Allium cepa ameliorated CdSO4–induced alteration in testicular weight, sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology. It also showed that Allium cepa attenuated the derangement of lipid peroxidation profile in testicular tissues caused by CdSO4 exposure.CONCLUSIONS:The findings in the study showed that pre-treatment of rat model with Allium cepa extract prevented CdSO4–induced reproductive toxicity by improving sperm quality and enhancing testicular lipid peroxidation status.

Antibacterial efficacies of some plant extracts against Aeromonas and Pseudomonas diseases of farmed catfish (Heterobranchus longifilis)

Aeromonas and Pseudomonas diseases are responsible for mortalities of some farmed catfish in Nigeria. The objective of the study is to investigate the efficacies of extracts of some plants against Aeromonas and Pseudomonas diseases of Heterobranchus longifilis. Ethanol extracts of Phyllanthus amarus, Allium sativum, Artemisia annua, Citrus limon, Moringa oleifera, Allium cepa and Azadirachta indica were tested against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas flourescens of H. longifilis by disc diffusion assay. Extracts of P. amarus, A. sativum, A. annua and C. limon were significantly (P&lt;0.05) more sensitive to A. hydrophila and P. flourescens than M. oleifera, A. cepa and A. indica which were effective against P. flourescens. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were 25mg/ml for P. amarus and A. annua; 25 and 100mg/ml for C. lemon and A. cepa respectively and 50mg/ml for A. indica. Alkaloid was demonstrated in all plants except A. annua by qualitative methods. Moderate amount (++) of cardiac glycosides was demonstrated in A. sativum, M. oleifera and P. amarus. Saponin (+++) was present in M. oleifera and A. indica while, tannin (++) was present in M. oleifera, P. amarus and A. indica respectively. Phlobatanins and Anthraquinones (++) were present in P. amarus and M. oleifera respectively. Extracts of aforementioned plants have potentials as therapy against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas flourescens of farmed catfish.

Antioxidant and anti‐apoptotic effects of onion (Allium cepa) extract on doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of onion (Allium cepa) extracts (ACE) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. The rats in the ACE-pretreated group were given a daily dose of 1 ml ACE for 14 days. To induce cardiotoxicity, DOX (30 mg kg(-1) body weight) was injected intraperitoneally by a single dose and the rats were sacrificed after 48 h. To date, no such studies have been performed on the cardioprotective and anti-apoptotic potential of ACE on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Our data indicate a significant reduction in the activity of in situ identification of apoptosis using terminal dUTP nick end-labeling in cardiomyocytes of the DOX-treated group with ACE therapy. The DOX-treated with ACE groups showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels, and increased activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in comparison with the DOX-treated group. Creatine kinase, creatine kinase MB, lactate dehydrogenase activities and cardiac troponin I levels were significantly decreased in the DOX + ACE group in comparison with the DOX group. These biochemical and histological disturbances were effectively attenuated on pretreatment with ACE. The present study showed that ACE may be a suitable cardioprotector against toxic effects of DOX.

The effects of onion (Allium cepa) extract on doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis in aortic endothelial cells

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of onion (Allium cepa) extracts (ACE) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced apoptosis in aortic endothelial cells. The rats in the ACE-pretreated group were given a daily dose of 1 ml ACE for 14 days. To induce aortic endothelial cell apoptosis, DOX (30 mg kg(-1) body weight) was injected intraperitoneally by a single dose and the rats were sacrificed after 48 h. To date, no such studies have been performed on antiapoptotic potential of ACE on DOX-induced apoptosis in aortic endothelial cells. Our data indicate a significant reduction in the activity of in situ identification of apoptosis using terminal dUTP nick end-labeling in aortic endothelial cells of the DOX-treated group with ACE therapy. DOX-treated with ACE groups showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels and increased levels of glutathione in comparison with the DOX-treated group. Data from our study show that prevention of endothelial cell apoptosis by ACE may contribute to the restoration of aortic endothelial dysfunction that is associated with DOX treatment.

IN VITRO INHIBITORY EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES AND BOTANICALS ON MYCELIAL GROWTH AND SPORE GERMINATION OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM

ABSTRACT Carbendazim, hexaconzol, bitertanol, myclobutanil, mancozeb, captan and zineb and extracts of Allium sativum Allium cepa and Mentha arvensis were evaluated for their effect on the inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum. Maximum inhibition in mycelial growth was observed in the hexaconozole at 1000 ppm followed by other fungicides at the same concentration. In case of botanicals, inhibition in spore germination was highest at concentration ‘S’. It was followed by S/2, S/10, and S/100 concentrations of plant extracts as compared to control which showed least inhibition in spore germination

Allium cepa extracts inhibit the proliferation of colorectal cancer in vitro

Allium cepa extracts inhibit the proliferation of colorectal cancer <i>in vitro</i>

Effect of Allium cepa (Onion) Extract on Cadmium-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Effect of Allium cepa (Onion) Extract on Cadmium-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Screening of crude extracts of twelve medicinal plants and “wondercure” concoction used in Nigeria unorthodox medicine for activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from tuberculosis patients sputum

The antimicrobial activity of extracts of twelve Nigerian medicinal plant species and a “wonder cure” concoction [Epa –Ijebu]; used in traditional medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis and cough were screened for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from tuberculosis patient sputum and the control strains of M. tuberculosis (H37RV). Both ethanolic and aqueous solution of the extract of Allium ascalonicum, Terminalia glaucescens, Allium cepa and Securidaca longepedunculata (ethanolic extract only) at 0.05g/ml aswell as aqueous solution of “wonder cure” concoction at same concentration inhibited the growth of M. tuberculosis. However at lower concentration of 0.2 μg/ml (critical proportion level of the control drug(isoniazide), M. tuberculosis was resistant to both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plants as well as the aqueous solution of the wonder-cure concoction. The phytochemical analysis of the plant extract and the Epa- Ijebu showed the presence of bioactive compounds: tannin, flavonoid, alkaloids, phlobatannin, anthocyanin,reducing sugar, saponin and anthraquinone. Our results offer a scientific basis for the traditional use of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Allium ascalonicum, Terminalia glaucescens, Allium cepa, Securidacalongepeducunlata (ethanolic extract only) and aqueous solution of the “wonder cure” concoction at higher concentration against M. tuberculosis. However local herbs such as Nicotiana tabacum, Allium sativum, Aframomum melegueta, Aprus precatorius, Xylopia aethiopica, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Crinium jagus, and Garcinia kola were ineffective.

Antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic effects of few common plants extract in Type 2 diabetic patients at Bengal

Medicinal plants are used in rural India to treat diabetes due to their traditional acceptability and availability. The plants are used as a crude extracts or as mixtures to treat diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous extracts of Acalypha indica, Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Azadirachta indica, Musa sapientum, Mangifera indica, Murraya koenigii, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus amarus and Tinospora cordifolia on blood glucose and lipid profile in Type 2 diabetic patients. Four hundred Type 2 diabetics were selected randomly from 828 patients. Ten experimental and ten control groups were formed each group comprising 20 patients. Aqueous extract of a particular plant was given to a particular experimental group for two months maintaining homogeneity in other variables to allow statistical analysis. Blood samples were collected at monthly intervals and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Fasting blood sugar level was lowered by Mangifera indica (136±14 to 130±12 mg/dl, p<0.02), Murraya koenigii (134±9 to 129±10 mg/dl, p<0.03) and Azadirachta indica (125±12 to 120±9 mg/dl, p<0.03). Ocimum sanctums not only lower total cholesterol (TC) (142±14 to 137±15 mg/dl, p<0.03) and LDL (91±14 to 85±19 mg/dl, p<0.03) level but also increase HDL (25±3 to 27±4 mg/dl, p<0.03) level. In addition, Allium cepa, Mangifera indica, Murraya koenigii and Phyllathus amarus showed significant (p<0.03) reduction in triglycerides (TG), TC, and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) levels. Mangifera indica, Murraya koenigii, Ocimum santum, Phyllanthus amarus, Allium cep and Azadirachta indica exhibited anti-diabetic as well as hypolipidemic effects in Type 2 diabetic patients.

A comparative profile of methanol extracts of Allium cepa and Allium sativum in diabetic neuropathy in mice

Introduction:Diabetic Neuropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of uncontrolled diabetes. This may result from increased oxidative stress that accompanies diabetes. Hence plants with antioxidant action play an important role in management of diabetes and its complications.Materials and Methods:This study was designed to evaluate preventive as well as curative effect of methanol extracts of outer scales and edible portions of two plants with established antioxidant action - Allium cepa and Allium sativum, in induced DN in albino mice. Mice were divided into control, diabetic and test extracts treated groups. Test extracts were administered daily at a dose of 200 mg/kg p.o. for 21 days, in the preventive group prior to onset of DN, and in the curative group after the onset of DN. Hyperalgesia and oxidative stress markers were assessed. STZ-diabetic mice showed a significant thermal hyperalgesia (as assessed by the tail-flick test), indicating development of DN.Results:Treatment with test extracts prevented loss in body weight, decreased plasma glucose level, and significantly ameliorated the hyperalgesia, TBARS, serum nitrite and GSH levels in diabetic mice.Conclusion:Methanol extract of outer scales of onion has shown most significant improvement; may be due to higher content of phenolic compounds in outer scales of A. cepa.

Dyeing of cotton, wool and silk with extract of Allium cepa

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of dyeing on cotton wool and silk fabrics with natural dye obtained from kitchen waste of dry skin extract of Allium cepa.Design/methodology/approachThe dry skin of onion produces natural dye which has been used for dyeing textiles. In the present study, innovative dyeing with onion has been shown to give good dyeing results. Pretreatment with 2 per cent metal mordant and using 5 per cent of plant extract (owf) was found to be optimum and showed very good fastness properties for cotton, wool and silk dyed fabrics. For effective natural dyeing with dry skin extract of Allium cepa, conventional method of dyeing was carried out using metal mordants. The purpose of using this source was with an idea to produce value addition dyed product from kitchen waste as the dye has very good potential of uptake, adherence to the fabric and has good wash and light fastnesses. Results show very attractive hue colours.FindingsThe preference of using easily and cheaply available material for dyeing by conventional dyeing lowers the cost of natural dyeing and enhances resource productivity and as a result, reduces waste. This makes onion scale one of the easily available materials for natural dyeing industry.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough metal mordanting with copper sulphate and potassium dichromate are not ecofriendly but we have used only 2 per cent of these metal salts to prepare different shades with dry scales of Allium cepa extract.Practical implicationsThe method developed for natural dyeing of cotton, silk and wool fabrics using skin extract of allium in conjunction with metal mordanting has shown very deep coloration. The stepwise dyeing of cotton fabric with metal mordant by the natural dye Allium cepa showed that the stepwise dyeing process gave very good result. The dye uptake in case of stepwise dyeing was from 65‐68 per cent in the case of cotton, 70‐74 per cent in silk and 78‐82 per cent in wool with different mordants.Originality/valueThe method developed for natural dyeing of cotton, silk and wool fabrics using skin extract of allium in conjunction with metal mordanting has shown marked improvement in terms of dye adherence and fastness properties and can thus be recommended for industrial application.

Toxicity of crude extracts from several terrestrial plants to barnacle larvae on mangrove seedlings

This study involved the use of terrestrial plant extracts as substitutes for toxic chemicals to control the major fouling organisms of mangroves, the barnacles. In terms of the solvents used to obtain the plant crude extracts, ethyl acetate was best, ethyl alcohol next and pure water worst, except in the case of Allium cepa (AC), where pure water was better than ethyl alcohol. For different plants, different solvents resulted in different poisonous effects, and plants belonging to different classes showed different levels of activities. In particular, using ethyl acetate crude extracts, Allium sativum (AS), AC and Capsicum annuum (CA) caused massive death of barnacle larvae at a low concentration in the shortest time. The less poisonous organic solvents were able to extract more active materials, and this was advantageous in enhancing the effect. For pure water crude extracts, AC and Zingiber officinale were best, but for 95% ethyl alcohol crude extracts, AS and AC were best. For ethyl acetate crude extracts, the effects of AS, AC and CA were better. Different solvent extracts of AC with 12 h of exposure all had LC 50 values <100 mg/L. The concentrations of the effective plant crude extracts used were close to, or even lower than, those used for pesticides referred to in the literature.

Onion (Allium cepa) extract prevents cadmium induced renal dysfunction

Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal, is known for its adverse effects on the body. In this study, the lowering effect of Cd on renal clearance (RC) was investigated, and Allium cepa extract (AcE) (an antioxidant) was pre-administered orally to prevent Cd's adverse effects. Seventy-two Wistar rats, grouped into three (n = 24), were used for this study. While Group C was given 1.0 ml of AcE daily (orally), Group A and Group B were given distilled water. AcE administration was done for eight weeks. Afterwards B and C were then given 1.5 ml/kg BW of 0.3 mg/L 3CdSO4.8H2O intraperitoneally for three consecutive days. The results obtained showed that Cd causes significant reduction in the 24 hour urine volume (from 3.017 ± 0.125 to 2.433 ± 0.118 ml), RC (from 3.258 ± 0.114 to 1.357 ± 0.104 ml/h for creatinine; and from 0.350 ± 0.057 to 0.185 ± 0.055 ml/h for urea), plasma and tissue SOD and CAT activity (form 1.644 ± 0.036 to 1.307 ± 0.056 u/g protein for plasma SOD; 0.391 ± 0.029 to 0.2692 ± 0.031 u/protein for plasma CAT; 1.695 ± 0.034 to 1.327 ± 0.049 u/g protein for tissues SOD; and from 0.350 ± 0.027 to 0.273 ± 0.043 u for tissue CAT), and significant MDA increased in plasma (from 1496.79 ± 1.321 to 1679.48 ± 143.29 μg/g protein) and tissue (from 1265.22 ± 2.285 to 1669.87 ± 14.61 μg/dL). AcE, however, prevents these Cd's adverse effects. This findings lead to the conclusion Cd exposure causes renal dysfunction, but oral administration of onion could prevent it.

Neuroprotective effect of methanolic extracts of Allium cepa on ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury

The present study is designed to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of outer scales and edible portions of Allium cepa bulb on ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 10 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Pretreatment with methanolic extract of outer scales (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) and edible portions (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) of A. cepa bulb markedly reduced cerebral infarct size and attenuated impairment in short-term memory and motor coordination. The protective effect of methanolic extract of outer scales and edible portions of A. cepa bulb was accompanied by a marked decrease in mitochondrial TBARS.

반응표면분석을 이용한 양파의 추출효율 및 기능성에 대한 모니터링

반응표면분석법을 이용하여 양파의 추출조건에 따른 기능성을 모니터링하였다. 중심합성계획법에 따라 마이크로 웨이브 에너지(30～150 watt), 에탄올 농도(0～100%), 추출시간(1～9분)을 달리하였을 때 회귀식 R2는 추출수율, 전자공여작용, tyrosinase 저해효과 및 SOD 유사활성에서 각각 0.8835, 0.8759, 0.8067과 0.8926으로 분석되었다. 조건별 추출물의 수율, 전자공여능, tyrosinase 저해효과, SOD 유사활성에 대한 4차원 반응표면을 superimposing하여 얻은 최적 추출조건 범위는 마이크로웨이브 에너지 0～120 watt, 에탄올 농도 70～90%, 추출시간 2～10분으로 나타났다. 최적추출조건 범위내의 임의의 조건인 마이크로웨이브 에너지 60watt, 에탄올 농도 80%, 추출시간 6분을 각각의 회귀식에 대입하여 얻은 예측값은 추출물의 수율 17.88%, 전자공여능 17.81%, tyrosinase 저해효과 42.51%, SOD 유사활성 27.35%로 나타났다.

Effect of spices on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and protozoa counts in in vitro gas production test

The effects of water, methanol and ethanol extracts of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Allium sativum (garlic), Allium cepa (onion) and Zingiber officinalis (ginger) on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and ciliate protozoa counts were studied in in vitro gas production test. Gas production was reduced ( P < 0.05) on addition of ethanol and methanol extracts of fennel and clove. Water extract of garlic and all the three extracts of onion caused higher ( P < 0.05) gas production. Ethanol and methanol extracts of cloves and garlic and methanol extract of fennel inhibited ( P < 0.05) methane production. However, water extracts of these products and all extracts of onion and ginger had no effect on methane production. Total volatile fatty acids were higher ( P < 0.05) in the medium on inclusion of extracts of garlic and onion. All extracts of garlic and methanol extract of fennel caused a decrease in molar proportion of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio. Methanol and ethanol extracts of clove decreased dry matter degradability (DMD). The ethanol and methanol extracts of clove caused a decrease ( P < 0.05) while extracts of onion, ginger and garlic caused an increase ( P < 0.05) in protozoa numbers. Plant secondary metabolites extracted in ethanol and methanol from garlic appear to have a potential to reduce rumen methanogenesis without affecting rumen fermentation adversely.

Antimicrobial activity of some of the south-Indian spices against serotypes of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and Aeromonas hydrophila

Antibacterial activity of extracts of Allium sativum (garlic), Myristica fragrans (nutmeg), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Allium cepa (onion) and Piper nigrum (pepper) has been evaluated against 20 different serogroups of Escherichia coli, 8 serotypes of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and Aeromonas hydrophila. Garlic extract showed excellent antibacterial activity against all the test organisms, except L. monocytogenes. Nutmeg showed good anti-listerial activity, although activity against E. coli and Salmonella were serotype dependent. Both garlic and nutmeg extracts were effective against A. hydrophila. Extracts of ginger showed inhibitory activity against two serogroups of E. coli: as O8 (enterotoxigenic E. coli) and O88 only. Extracts of onion and pepper did not show any antibacterial activity against the test organisms.

Effect of alkaloidal and phenolic extract of Allium cepa L. on some raised blood suger level induced by alloxan of males and females albino mice

Effect of alkaloidal and phenolic extract of Allium cepa L. on some raised blood suger level induced by alloxan of males and females albino mice