Alleviation Of Congestion Research Articles

A Critical Appraisal of Mode Choice Model of Work Trips

In the present scenario in world, many mode choice models have been developed to predict the travelers mode choice in the available modes of transportation system .The mode choice model is one of a very significantcomponent in the urban transportation planning and policies,specifically in countries that are toward development and urbanization, likeSouth Asian countries(India, Bangladesh, Nepal,etc.)the increasing horizontal spread of cities that led to increased travel demand.The aim of this review is to study the developing of mode choice model for various transportation modes .The developed models cover different modes of transportation currently employed in cities,which are Private car,Taxi,Publicbus,Auto-rickshaw,Motorcycles,Shared car,Bicycles,Walking.They have been tried to be estimated for work, education,shopping and other trips .There are some factors that considerablyinfluence the choice of transport modes are:Socio economics variables such as age,gender, car ownership,and family monthly income.Network variables are such as travel time,travel cost,comfort,reliability, employment, driving licenseweather,and dust &noise. The data was collected for eachof the alternative modes through questionnaire by face to face interview or by using Google form. There are different methods that can be applied for the developing a mode choice model,multinomial logitmodel is the easiest method with simple mathematical calculations; this method was also used by many authors for analysis and for checking the validation the likelihood ration test .the application of mode choice model is significant to mode user to have best choice, and also such models can assist in the alleviation of traffic congestion and air pollution in the city.

Coordinated Dispatch of Integrated Electric and District Heating Systems Using Heterogeneous Decomposition

Extensive deployment of combined heat and power (CHP) units into the electric power system (EPS) makes it imperative to investigate the utilization of flexible resources in a district heating system (DHS) and avoid unnecessary wind power curtailment. In this paper, a combined heat and power dispatch (CHPD) model is developed by considering the flexibility of heat sources, pipelines, and DHS loads. Specifically, the adjustable region of the CHP units, heat storage of the heating networks and thermal inertia of the buildings are taken into account. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the EPS and DHS requires the independent control over the two systems. We propose a novel decentralized algorithm for solving the CHPD problem based on the heterogeneous decomposition method. The algorithm only requires the locational marginal prices at boundary buses of the EPS and the injected boundary power of the DHS to be exchanged. Numerical simulations are carried out for real data in Jilin. The flexible resources are optimally utilized and the wind power curtailment is reduced in the CHPD, with the alleviation of congestion in the EPS. Besides, simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient and robust, with a light communication burden to solve CHPD.

Integrated Traffic Control for Freeways using Variable Speed Limits and Lane Change Control Actions

The wide deployment of vehicle automation and communication systems (VACS) in the next decade is expected to influence traffic performance on freeways. Apart from safety and comfort, one of the goals is the alleviation of traffic congestion which is a major and challenging problem for modern societies. The paper investigates the combined use of two feedback control strategies utilizing VACS at different penetration rates, aiming to maximize throughput at bottleneck locations. The first control strategy employs mainstream traffic flow control using appropriate variable speed limits as an actuator. The second control strategy delivers appropriate lane-changing actions to selected connected vehicles using a feedback-feedforward control law. Investigations of the proposed integrated scheme have been conducted using a microscopic simulation model for a hypothetical freeway featuring a lane-drop bottleneck. The results demonstrate significant improvements even for low penetration rates of connected vehicles.

Enhanced production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from glucose and xylose by alleviation of metabolic congestion due to glycerol flux in engineered Escherichia coli

Among platform chemicals obtained from renewable biomass, 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) has attracted considerable attention. A GC/TOF-MS study revealed that the intracellular metabolites of the TCA cycle and fatty acid synthesis increased in JHS01302, a galP-overexpressing strain of Escherichia coli, during glucose and xylose co-fermentation. Decreased intracellular glycerol levels and increased intracellular biosynthesis of 3-HP were also detected in the strain. Based on these results, the yeast GPD1 gene was replaced with the endogenous gpsA gene to modulate the rate of glycerol metabolism. In flask cultures, JHS01304 containing the gpsA gene displayed 43% lower glycerol accumulation and 52% higher 3-HP production than the control. JHS01304 produced 37.6 g/L 3-HP with a productivity rate of 0.63 g/L/h and yield of 0.17 g/g in the fed-batch fermentation. The metabolome analysis provided valuable information for alleviating the metabolic burden of glycerol flux to improve the production of 3-HP during glucose and xylose co-fermentation.

The Signal Control Optimization of Road Intersections with Slow Traffic Based on Improved PSO

The slow traffic in cities with pedestrians and bicycles is becoming more and more important due to their environmental protection and low carbon. However, the driving at the road intersections is seriously mixed and easy to jam. Traffic delays mainly occur here. Improving the traffic efficiency of the intersections plays an important role for the alleviation of traffic congestion. In this paper, a multi-objective signal timing optimization model is established about the vehicle average delay, slow traffic delay, vehicle stopping times and traffic capacity. Then an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is used to solve it. The experimental results show that the model is optimized to reduce the vehicle delay, slow traffic delay and stopping times of an intersection, and then increase the traffic capacity. So the multiple indicators of an intersection are improved, which have significant effects on the increase of operational efficiency of an intersection.

An effective pricing model for the congestion alleviation of e-commerce logistics

E-retailers and home delivery companies have struggled with logistics congestion. Hence, this study aims to develop a pricing model for alleviation of congestion in e-commerce logistics. The analytical results reveal that a congestion surcharge mechanism influences the behavior of a home delivery company and e-commerce consumers in terms of early delivery and delayed delivery, cargo volume, and consumers’ favorite delivery time. Moreover, e-commerce logistics fees in practice are established by negotiation between e-retailers and home delivery companies. The proposed model can be treated as a reference for e-retailers and home delivery companies to determine appropriate logistics fees. This pioneering study develops a congestion pricing model to deal with congestion problems in e-commerce logistics, which can effectively reflect the impact of various congestion fees on the behavior of e-commerce stakeholders.

Optimization Model of Taxi Fleet Size Based on GPS Tracking Data

A reasonable taxi fleet size has a significant impact on the satisfaction of urban traffic demand, the alleviation of urban traffic congestion, and the stability of taxi business groups. Most existing studies measure the overall scale by using macro indices, and few studies are from the micro level. To meet the transportation demand for taxis, mitigating the mismatch between taxi supply and demand, this research proposes an urban taxi fleet size calculating model based on GPS tracking data. Firstly, on the basis of road network segmentation, the probability model of a passenger taxi-taking a road section as a unit is built to evaluate the difficulty of taxi-taking on a road section. Furthermore, a user queuing model is built for the “difficult to take a taxi” road section in the peak period, and the service mileage required by potential taxi users is calculated. After that, a transportation capacity measurement model is built to estimate the number of taxis required in different time periods, Finally, the income constraint model is used to explain the impact of different vehicle fleet sizes on the income of taxi groups, so as to provide a reference for the determination of the final fleet size. The model is applied to data from Xi’an. The calculation results are based on data from May 2014, and show that the scale of taxi demand is about 654–2237, and after considering the impact of different fleet size increases on income, when the income variation index is limited to 0.10, i.e., the decrease of drivers’ income will not exceed 10%, an increase of 1286 taxis will be able to meet 66% of the unmet demand in the peak period. The conclusion indicates that the model can effectively calculate the required fleet size and formulate the constraint solutions. This method provided can be considered as a support for formulating the regulation strategy of an urban taxi fleet size.

COALA: A Protocol for the Avoidance and Alleviation of Congestion in Wireless Sensor Networks.

The occurrence of congestion has an extremely deleterious impact on the performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This article presents a novel protocol, named COALA (COngestion ALleviation and Avoidance), which aims to act both proactively, in order to avoid the creation of congestion in WSNs, and reactively, so as to mitigate the diffusion of upcoming congestion through alternative path routing. Its operation is based on the utilization of an accumulative cost function, which considers both static and dynamic metrics in order to send data through the paths that are less probable to be congested. COALA is validated through simulation tests, which exhibit its ability to achieve remarkable reduction of loss ratios, transmission delays and energy dissipation. Moreover, the appropriate adjustment of the weighting of the accumulative cost function enables the algorithm to adapt to the performance criteria of individual case scenarios.

A novel approach for assessing sustainable city logistics

Abstract City logistics is a key catalyst in the urban economy but, in parallel, urban road freight transport significantly affects the quality of life in the urban environment. Optimization of urban freight transport (UFT) can make an important contribution to the sustainability and livability of cities, conducing in the alleviation of traffic congestion and the mitigation of CO 2 emissions and noise impacts. The detailed understanding of the causal effect of UFT measures on achieving sustainability of city logistics is the main scope of this paper. Life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) is adopted to assess selected UFT measures by advancing the research in life cycle analysis (LCA) to city logistics processes. Focusing on administrative/regulatory schemes, strongly related to city typology, a scenario is evaluated and two indices are estimated, one addressing the city (demand logistics sustainability index), and the second referring to logistics stakeholders (supply logistics sustainability index). The difference between the two indices, referred to as logistics gap, is also estimated.

Firefly algorithm for congestion management in deregulated environment

In competitive electricity market, congestion is a serious economic and reliability concern. Congestion is a common problem that an independent system operator faces in open access electricity market. This paper presents a reliable and efficient meta-heuristic based approach to solve congestion problem. The proposed approach of the present work employs firefly algorithm (FFA) for alleviation of transmission network congestion in a pool based electricity market via active power rescheduling of generators. FFA is a new meta-heuristic approach based on flashing patterns and behavior of fireflies. Various important security constraints such as load bus voltage and line loading have been taken into account while dealing with congestion problem. The proposed methodology may help in removing the congestion of line with minimum rescheduling cost. The numerical results of modified IEEE 30- and 57-bus test power systems are illustrated.

The Phenomenal Alleviation of Transmission Congestion by Optimally Placed Multiple Distributed Generators Using PSO

In the current electricity paradigm, the rapid elevation of demands in industrial sector and the process of restructuring are the main causes for the overuse of transmission systems. Hence, the evolution of novel technology is the ultimate need to avoid the damages in the available transmission systems. An appreciable volume of renewable energy sources is used to produce electric power, after the implementation of deregulation in power system. Even though, they are intended to improve the reliability of power system, the unpredictable outages of generators or transmission lines, an impulsive increase in demand and the sudden failures of vital equipment cause transmission congestion in one or some transmission lines. Generation rescheduling and load shedding can be used to alleviate congestion, but some cases require quite few improved methods. With the extensive application of Distributed Generation (DG), congestion management is also performed by the optimal placement of DGs. Therefore, this research employs a Line Flow Sensitivity Factor (LFSF) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the determination of optimal location and size of multiple DG units, respectively. This proposed problem is formulated to minimize the total system losses and real power flow performance index. This approach is experimented in modified IEEE-30 bus test system. The results of N-1 contingency analysis with DG units prove the competence of this proposed approach, since the total numbers of congested lines get reduced from 15 to 2. Hence, the results show that the proposed approach is robust and simple in alleviating transmission congestion by the optimal placement and sizing of multiple DG units.

Intelligent traffic signal controller based on type-2 fuzzy logic and NSGAII

Intelligent traffic signal control (TSC) system is important for the alleviation of traffic congestion. Usually, most of the researches about TSC focused on single intersection based on type-1 fuzzy set. Compared with type-1 fuzzy logic controller (FLC), type-2 FLC can deal with more uncertainties in the road traffic control system. Therefore, a type-2 FLC optimized by NSGAII (T2-NSGAII) is designed for TSC in a complex road network, in which the intersection's traffic signal time is dynamically adjusted by its own and adjacent intersections' traffic volumes to reduce global delay time and traffic congestion. In T2-NSGAII, the expert rule set and the parameters of the fuzzy membership functions are simultaneously optimized by NSGAII to achieve less time delay and traffic congestion. In the simulations of a six-intersection traffic network with different vehicular arrival rates, it is demonstrated that T2-NSGAII has better performance compared with vehicle actuated controller based on fixed-time control (FTC), type-1 FLC, type-2 FLC and isolatedly optimized Type-2 FLC and the total delay time could be reduced by 76.3%, 65.1%, 58.3% and 35.4% respectively.

Estimation of Optimal Fare for Cloud Transportation System

ABSTRACTThe Traffic congestion is caused by the increasing traffic demand. Thus, economic losses have been increasing every year. To solve these problems, car sharing and rental car systems that are equipped with IT technologies emerge. Car sharing has many advantag es- the alleviation of the traffic congestion, the saving of maintenance cost for cars, the reduction of car possessiveness, the so lution for the hassle of car ownership, for business and pe rsonal duty, and the improvement of conn ectivity between public transportations-. T he goal of the car sharing is to achieve low-carbon and eco-friendly transportation. In this study, we review papers related to the car sharing system and the cost system of traffic systems. We estimate the optimal cost of the cloud traffic system that is one of the car sharing services. We suggest a methodology to estimate operational cost and use cost through the analysis of cost system between simila r traffic means. The range of the maximum and minimum cost was determined through the comparison and analysis of similar traffic means. Expected demand and the cost that people are willing to pay were estimated through optimized value pricing. The minimum cost pe r hour that was compared to the cost of rental car was estimated at 5,333 won and the maximum cost per hour that was compared to taxi cost was estimated at 17,700 won. The cost for users was estimated at 6,930 won. The cost of 50% demands was estimated at 6,550 won. Future studies should analyze service hours of users, weather, demand pattern and trend and consider them into the cost estimat ion.Key words : Cloud transportation system, Optimal price, Price-sensitivity Measurement초 록우리나라 인구 10만 이상 대다수의 도시는 교통수요 증가로 인해 교통 혼잡이 발생하고 있으며 이로 인한 경제적 손실은 매년 증가하고 있다 . 교통 혼잡으로 인한 경제적 손실을 감소시킬 수 있는 방법 중 개인차량의 운행 억제를 위해 카 쉐어링 , 렌터카 등의 시스템이 첨단 IT 기술들과 접목되어 등장하고 있다. 이러한 차량 공유는 교통 혼잡을 완화하고 차량의 효율성을 증대시켜 차량유지비 절약 , 자동차를 소유하려는 인간의 욕구 감소, 차량소유의 번거로움 완화, 비즈니스 및 개인용무 활용, 대중교통 수단과의 연계성을 향상시키며, 저탄소, 친환경 교통의 구현을 목적으로 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 차량공유시스템에 대한 개념, 국내외 차량공유 시스템, 각종 교통 시스템의 요금 체계를 고찰하였다. 아울러 자동차 공유기반의 서비스 중 하나인 클라우드 교통 시스템에서 가장 중요한 요소인 최적의 이용 요금에 대해 추정하였다 . 이를 위해 유사교통 수단 요금 체계 분석을 통해 운영원가와 이용원가가 포함된 요금을 산정하는 방법론을 제시하였다 . 유사교통수단과의 요금 비교분석을 통해 최대, 최소요금 범위를 설정하였으며, 가치기준결정법을 이용해 실제 이용할 수요와 지불의사금액을 추정하였다. 시간당 최소요금은 렌터카 요금과 비교하여 5,333원으로 추정되었으며, 최대요금은 택시요금과 비교하여 17,700원, 이용자의 시간당 지불의사금액은 6,930원으로 추정되었으며, 50%수요시의 가격은 시간당 6,550원으로 추정되었다. 향후연구로 이용자들의 이용시간, 날씨, 수요패턴, 추세 등을 보다 세밀히 분석하여 이를 요금 산정에 반영하는 연구되어야 할 것이다.검색어 : 클라우드 교통시스템, 최적요금, PSMTransportation Engineering

Day-ahead tariffs for the alleviation of distribution grid congestion from electric vehicles

An economically efficient day-ahead tariff (DT) is proposed with the purpose of preventing distribution grid congestion resulting from electric vehicle (EV) charging scheduled on a day-ahead basis. The DT concept developed herein is derived from the locational marginal price (LMP), in particular the congestion cost component of the LMP. A step-wise congestion management structure has been developed whereby the distribution system operator (DSO) predicts congestion for the coming day and publishes DTs prior to the clearing of the day-ahead market. EV fleet operators (FOs) optimize their EV charging schedules with respect to the predicted day-ahead prices and the published DTs, thereby avoiding congestion while still minimizing the charging cost. A Danish 400V distribution network is used to conduct case studies to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed concept for the prevention of distribution grid congestion from EV charging. The case study results show that the concept is successful in a number of situations, most notably a predicted system overload of 155% can be successfully alleviated on the test distribution network.

Treatment of 85 cases with chronic rhinitis by acupuncture

Patients with chronic rhinitis may not respond well to medications. The author treated 85 cases using acupuncture. The result is reported as follows. 1 General Data Of 85 cases, there were 61 males and 24 females, and 79 cases had been treated with medications. 2 Treatment Method Major points: Fengchi (GB 20), Hegu (LI 4) and Zusanli (ST 36). Modifications: Added Fengmen (BL 12) and Feishu (BL 13) for wind-cold; applied bloodletting to Yintang (Ex-HN 3) for wind-heat; applied moxibustion to Dazhui (GV 14) for deficiencycold. Method: Puncture perpendicularly using filiform needles of 0.35 mm in diameter and 40-50 mm in length, followed by reducing manipulation (reinforcing manipulation for the pattern of deficiency-cold). For moxibustion, apply birdpecking moxibustion until a hot sensation occurs. For bloodletting, prick using a three-edged needle to allow a couple of blood drops spontaneously or to squeeze drops of blood. The treatment was conducted once a day, 15 times as a course of treatment. 3 Treatment Result 3.1 Therapeutic effect criteria Recovery: Absence of clinical manifestations with normal findings by rhinoscopy. Marked effect: Substantial improvement of stuffy or runny nose with significant alleviation of nasal congestion by rhinoscopy. Failure: No improvement in clinical manifesttations or rhinoscopy findings.

The Conundrum of Worsening Renal Function and Optimal Volume Status in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Management strategies to treat advanced decompensated heart failure include alleviation of congestion in an attempt to decrease filling pressures and achieve a near euvolemic state. Aggressive diuresis leading to intravascular volume depletion often is associated with worsening renal function (WRF). Moreover, when diuresis proceeds at a rate greater than the plasma refill rate, the plasma becomes concentrated, leading to increases in levels of hemoglobin and plasma proteins. The investigators of this study postulated that hemoconcentration may represent the aggressiveness of diuresis more directly than other goals such as changes in filling pressures or deterioration of renal function. Aims

Alleviation of Venous Congestion in Muscle-Sparing Free TRAM Flaps with a Temporary Angiocatheter

Alleviation of Venous Congestion in Muscle-Sparing Free TRAM Flaps with a Temporary Angiocatheter

Rationale and design of the multicentre randomized trial investigating the efficacy and safety of pulsed infusions of levosimendan in outpatients with advanced heart failure (LevoRep study)

Advanced chronic heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality that often requires inotropic support for the alleviation of symptoms and congestion. There are no definite evidence-based data on the safety and efficacy of intermittent infusions of inotropic agents in this severe clinical condition. The purpose of the LevoRep study is to clarify whether pulsed infusions of the new inotropic agent levosimendan administered in an outpatient setting can safely improve exercise capacity, quality-of-life (QoL), and outcome in advanced CHF patients. The LevoRep study is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-armed, parallel-group, multicentre trial. The study is designed to investigate the effects of pulsed infusions of levosimendan (6 h administration at 0.2 microg/kg/min every 2 weeks) on the composite endpoint (primary endpoint) comprising changes in functional capacity and QoL (20% or greater improvement in the 6 min walk test and 15% or higher score on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire) at the end of the 24 week study period. In addition, short-term (8 weeks from randomization) and long-term (24 weeks from randomization) event-free survival (secondary endpoint) will be assessed. The LevoRep study aims to include 120 outpatients with advanced CHF. LevoRep is the first prospective randomized trial to assess the effects of pulsed infusions of an inotrope on hard endpoints as well as on the safety in patients with advanced CHF on an outpatient basis. The results are expected to promote the development of evidence-based recommendations for the ambulatory management of patients with end-stage heart failure.

Development of a Knowledge-Based Expert System for Intersection Improvement

Micro-simulation softwares were extensively developed for the past years because these represent the real-world system of traffic behavior. The high cost of acquisition and the tedious and time-consuming calibration and validation of the system hinders many potential end-users from utilizing this technology. End-users, especially the Local Government Units (LGUs), might not readily understand the system’s output – this may create dilemmas in selecting the most effective traffic control alternative in addressing traffic congestion and traffic accidents alleviation. Moreover, these softwares do not include practical yet economical solutions. The study’s aim is to develop an expert system for decision-making factors for the use of traffic engineers in government agencies, private companies, as well as civil engineering students who finished a course in traffic engineering. The system will be able to present mitigating measures and cross-classify potential alternatives for both the alleviation of traffic congestion and the reduction of accidents in an intersection.

Fetal Atrial Septoplasty Is Performed for Left Atrial Decompression but not for Enhancing Preload to a Hypoplastic Left Heart

HomeCirculation ResearchVol. 101, No. 10Fetal Atrial Septoplasty Is Performed for Left Atrial Decompression but not for Enhancing Preload to a Hypoplastic Left Heart Free AccessLetterPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessLetterPDF/EPUBFetal Atrial Septoplasty Is Performed for Left Atrial Decompression but not for Enhancing Preload to a Hypoplastic Left Heart Thomas Kohl Thomas KohlThomas Kohl German Center for Fetal Surgery & Minimally-Invasive Therapy, University of Bonn, Germany Search for more papers by this author Originally published9 Nov 2007https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.164202Circulation Research. 2007;101:e113To the Editor:I thank Drs de Almeida, McQuinn, and Sedmera for demonstrating that an increase in ventricular preload is compensated by myocyte proliferation in normal and hypoplastic fetal chick left ventricle.1 The results of their study clearly provide further impetus to develop fetal cardiac interventions for hypoplastic left heart syndromes with intrinsically normal or only mildly stenotic mitral and aortic valves.The purpose of my letter is to point out an incorrect concept that the authors put forth in their discussion. Regarding the rationale behind percutaneous ultrasound-guided fetal atrial septoplasty, the authors state from clinical data collected by Marshall et al2 that “despite technical successful septoplasty the transseptal flow to the left atrium was minimal, pointing out the need of an additional procedure to force the blood into the left heart structures.” The opposite is the case: Atrial septoplasty in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact or highly restrictive atrial septum is performed on one hand to enable pulmonary venous blood to reach the systemic circulation postnatally and on the other hand to alleviate severe pulmonary congestion by left atrial decompression toward the right side of the heart prenatally. The better outcomes in prenatally treated fetuses with this condition support the rationale that alleviation of pulmonary congestion improves abnormal muscularization of pulmonary veins and, by this mechanism, contributes to a lower risk of intractable pulmonary hypertension in these critically ill infants after birth.1 deAlmeida A, McQuinn T, Sedmera D. Increased ventricular preload is compensated by myocyte proliferation in normal and hypoplastic fetal chick left ventricle. Circ Res. 2007; 100: 1363–1370.LinkGoogle Scholar2 Marshall AC, van der Velde ME, Tworetzky W, Gomez CA, Wilkins-Haug L, Benson CB, Jennings RW, Lock JE. Creation of an atrial septal defect in utero for fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact or highly restrictive atrial septum. Circulation. 2004; 110: 253–258.LinkGoogle Scholar Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails November 9, 2007Vol 101, Issue 10 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.164202PMID: 17991886 Originally publishedNovember 9, 2007 Keywordspulmonary hypertensionpulmonary congestionfetal atrial septoplastyPDF download Advertisement