Classification Of Allergic Rhinitis Research Articles

Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic illness worldwide, characterized by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions to inhaled allergens. Allergic rhinitis (AR) frequently presents alongside asthma and conjunctivitis, and it is a significant global health issue that imposes a substantial burden and handicap on a global scale. The classification of Allergic Rhinitis (AR) into intermittent or chronic and mild or moderate/severe was established by the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) program. The diagnosis is established through a comprehensive assessment of the patient's clinical history, thorough physical examination, and appropriate diagnostic tests. The pharmacological treatments most commonly employed consist of oral, intranasal, or ocular H1-antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, or a set combination of intranasal H1-antihistamines and corticosteroids.

Real possibilities of treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis occupies a special place among diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Every year the urgency of the problem increases due to the annual increase in the incidence among all age groups of the population. Allergic diseases are often associated with other respiratory diseases or cause them, which requires early diagnosis and selection of competent therapy. Allergic reactions can range from seasonal allergens, such as tree or weed pollen, to year-round irritants, such as dust and pet dander. Currently, the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is being actively studied. There is still debate about the most accurate classification of allergic rhinitis, reflecting all its aspects, such as the time of onset and duration of symptoms, their impact on patients’ lives. This is necessary to find the best methods of treatment with maximum efficiency. The main clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis are nasal itching, sneezing, swelling of the nasal mucosa and rhinorrhea. Often, to relieve symptoms, patients are forced to take many drugs for a long time, which has a significant impact on their quality of life. All over the world, new ways are being developed to optimize the treatment of this group of patients, among which combinations of several drugs used to treat allergic rhinitis, which meet all safety and efficacy requirements. The most commonly used and most effective combinations of drugs are combinations of intranasal glucocorticosteroids with topical histamine H1 receptor antagonists, as well as leukotriene receptor blockers with oral antihistamines.

Allergic rhinitis.Clinical practice guidelines.

Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common diseases (about 1024% of the population suffer from allergic rhinitis in the Russian Federation) occurring in the population regardless of gender and age. The urgency of the problem is associated with an increase in the number of patients and the fact that allergic rhinitis is considered to be a risk factor for the development of asthma.
 The clinical allergic rhinitis guideline aimed to optimize patient care, up-to-date information about the epidemiology, and disease etiology and pathogenesis. Herein, presented the actual data about allergic rhinitis classification, its clinical signs, modern diagnostics (clinical, laboratory, and instrumental), and differential diagnostics of allergic rhinitis. Studies reported allergic rhinitis treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention in the guideline. The authors describe in detail the existing healthcare options for patients with allergic rhinitis, diagnostics features and care in partial groups of population (children, pregnant women). The clinical guidelines are recommended for medical doctors (independently from qualification), under- and postgraduate students, universities tutors, residents, and researchers.

Strategy of endoscopic skull base reconstruction in endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches

Background Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) is the main source of water in the Red Sea coast in Jeddah, KSA, the workers and their families are exposed to vapor and chemicals that affect their upper respiratory tract. Aim Our aim was to study the prevalence of unified airway disease [allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma] in SWCC Society accommodations, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level and its relation to the duration of bronchial asthma, and duration of living in the accommodations. Patients and methods This randomized study included 400 patients with bronchial asthma, the included patients comprised two groups: group I (GI) (n=200) from SWCC Society accommodations and group II (GII) (n=200) patients from outside the accommodations. Both groups were classified according to Allergy Classification of allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma and blood samples for IgE taken from them. Results According to the classification of allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma, the persistent and moderate–severe allergy were more common in GI (80%) and the intermittent allergy and mild severity was 20%, while the persistent and moderate–severe allergy were less common in GII (22%) and the intermittent allergy and mild severity was 78%. GI patients experienced a significantly high IgE level compared with GII, higher in males than females, and increases with the duration of living in the accommodations and duration of bronchial asthma. Conclusion Unified airway disease is common in SWCC Society with a high level of IgE compared with outside the accommodations. Keywords: allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, environmental diseases, serum total immunoglobulin E.

Phenotypes of allergic rhinitis: the application of stratified and personalized medicine in the rhinitis field

Classification of allergic rhinitis (AR) on the basis of phenotypes has facilitated their characterization and has helped practicing clinicians efficiently approach rhinitis patients. Nasal provocation test (NPT) with an allergen allows evaluating of the reaction not only in the shock organ, but also on the mucous membranes in general. To develop and describe a method for diagnosing neutrophilic, basophilic and eosinophilic phenotypes of AR by conducting a NPT with an allergen and determining the increase in tryptase, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophilic cationic protein(ECP) levels in nasal lavage and oral fluid. In 46 patients with AR and 28 healthy volunteers before and 30 min after the NPT with Dermathophagoides pt. determined the result by estimating the release of MPO from neutrophils, tryptase from mast cell and basophil, ECP from eosinophils in nasal lavage, oral fluid NPT with a minimally selected concentration of allergen (by dilution skin test) did not cause the development of clinical symptoms, but allowed to verify the response of the nasal mucosa to an allergen intake. After a NPT, 27 (90%) patients with AR showed a significant increase in tryptase level after 30 min (p = 0.043) in contrast to healthy volunteers. The diagnostic criterion for an increase in the level of tryptase was + 5%. After the NPT, it was revealed that 53% of patients with AR experienced a significant increase (over 16%) of MPO in nasal lavage (p = 0.03). In 23 (76.6%) patients with AR, a positive increase in the level of ECP was detected. Before provocation, the level was 829.9 [673.3; 986.6] pg / ml, and 30 minutes after it was 1080.9 [896.6; 1265.3] pg / ml, p = 0.001. The level of eosinophilia in smears imprints most correlated with the level of eosinophilic cationic protein (R = 0.62).An increase in biomarkers in nasal lavage and oral fluid when an allergen is exposed to a shock organ (nasal mucosa) confirms the involvement of mast cells, eosinophils and mucosal neutrophils in the allergic process. There was not the growth in the control. Pathogenetic mechanisms of allergy are polymorphic. The results demonstrate the diagnostic potential of NPT with an allergen. These correlations of increased biomarkers in nasal lavage and oral fluid after NPT confirm the idea of a single mucosal immunity. The developed NPT with the determination of biomarkers in nasal lavage is a method for diagnosing neutrophilic, basophilic and eosinophilic phenotypes of AR.

Effects of Acupressure on Symptoms Relief and Improving Sleep Quality in Pediatric Patients With Allergic Rhinitis.

Current pharmacological management of allergic rhinitis cannot completely provide relief from the symptoms and is usually accompanied by undesirable side effects. Complementary and alternative medicine approach has been evaluated and applied for allergic rhinitis frequently. We aim to investigate whether acupressure could be used as daily nursing care practice to reduce the severity of allergic rhinitis symptoms and improve sleep quality in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis. Patients were divided into the acupressure and control groups randomly. Acupressure on 6 the acupoints was administered at home every night for 4 weeks in the acupressure group after attending a training program. Participants in the control group maintained their daily routine. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical characteristics, and to assess the symptom scores and sleep quality at baseline, week 2, and week 4 after intervention. Results of the generalized estimating equation model showed there were significant group effects on the total nasal symptom scores, sneezing, nasal congestion, itching of nose and palate, and watery eyes over the study period (all Ps < .05). From baseline to 2 weeks, all the aforementioned symptoms and red eyes, sleep quality, and allergic rhinitis classification more improved in the acupressure group than in the control group and the effect in the acupressure group was maintained through 4 weeks after intervention. Our results showed a significant reduction in the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and improvement in sleep quality after acupressure treatment with no adverse effects. Acupressure could be used as daily nursing care practice for this chronic, lifetime disorder.

The Relation of Allergic Rhinitis Classification with IL-5 on The Aller-gic Rhinitis

IL-5 is an important role cytokine on the RA. IL-5 has an important role on eosinophils. ARIA-WHO made classification of RA based on how long the clinical symptoms and the impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to know the classification of RA with IL-5 on RA study. This study used a cross-sectional method with 39 samples. The examination of IL-5 used ELISA. The highest classification of RA was medium-severe persistent of 43.58% with the mean value IL-5 was 56.25 pg/ml. Based on the test of Kruskal Wallis, it was obtained p-value = 0.664. Conclusion: There was no significant relation between classification RA and IL-5.

Alergijski rinitis in njegov vpliv na astmo (ARIA) – glavni povzetek 2016: Integrirane klinične poti za napovedno medicino v vseh življenjskih obdobjih

Pobudo »Alergijski rinitis in njegov vpliv na astmo« – (angl. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma, ARIA) – so leta 1999 ustanovili na delavnici Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije – World Health Organization (WHO). Njeni prvotni cilji so bili: 1. predlagati novo klasifikacijo alergijskega rinitisa, 2. spodbujati koncept večobolevnosti pri astmi in rinitisu ter 3. skupaj z vsemi deležniki razviti smernice, namenjene globalni uporabi v vseh državah in vsem skupinam bolnikov. Pobuda ARIA se uporablja v 70 državah, trenutno pa se osredinja na uporabo novih tehnologij za individualizirano in napovedno medicino. Mreža MASK – nadzorna mreža MACVIA (Proti kroničnim boleznim za aktivno staranje, franc. – Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif) in ARIA (angl. ARIA Sentinel NetworK) uporablja mobilno tehnologijo za razvoj klinične poti, ki bi bolnikom, multidisciplinarnim ekipam zdravnikov in raziskovalcem omogočila nadzor rinitisa in astme. Mobilna aplikacija (Android in iOS) je na voljo v 20 državah in 15 jezikih. Uporablja vizualno analogno lestvico za oceno nadzora nad simptomi in oceno delovne zmožnosti in ponuja sistem, ki pomaga pri kliničnem odločanju. Aplikacija omogoča povezovanje z zdravnikom ali drugimi zdravstvenimi delavci. Ta strategija upošteva priporočila Evropskega partnerstva za inovacije za aktivno in zdravo staranje (angl. European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, EIP on AHA). Cilj novega pristopa pobude ARIA je zagotoviti aktivno in zdravo življenje bolnikov z rinitisom ne glede na njihovo starost, spol ali družbenogospodarski položaj zato, da bi se zmanjšali zdravstvena in družbena neenakost, ki sta posledici te bolezni.

Individualized treatment for allergic rhinitis based on key nasal clinical manifestations combined with histamine and leukotriene D4 levels

IntroductionThe types of allergic rhinitis are roughly classified based on the causative antigens, disease types, predilection time, and symptom severity. ObjectiveTo examine the clinical typing and individualized treatment approach for allergic rhinitis and to determine the optimal treatment method for this disease using various drug combination therapies. MethodsA total of 108 participants with allergic rhinitis were divided into three groups based on symptoms. Subsequently, each group was further categorized into four subgroups based on the medications received. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated using the visual analog scale VAS scores of the total and individual nasal symptoms, decline index of the symptom score, histamine and leukotriene levels, and mRNA and protein expression levels of histamine 1 and cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptors. ResultsLoratadine+mometasone furoate and loratadine+mometasone furoate+montelukast significantly improved the sneezing symptom and reduced the histamine levels compared with the other combination therapies (p<0.05). Meanwhile, montelukast+mometasone furoate and montelukast+mometasone furoate+loratadine considerably improved the nasal obstruction symptom and decreased the leukotriene D4 levels compared with the other combination therapies (p<0.05). ConclusionClinical symptom evaluation combined with experimental detection of histamine and leukotriene levels can be an objective and accurate method to clinically classify the allergic rhinitis types. Furthermore, individualized treatment based on allergic rhinitis classification can result in a good treatment efficacy.

Actual hyposensitizing therapy of allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is one of the most widespread human diseases. The article presents the modern classification of allergic rhinitis, the main approaches to treatment. The indications for carrying out hyposensitizing therapy for this disease have been determined, the effectiveness of nonspecific hyposensitizing therapy, conducted with the antihistamines of the second generation, which have a high affinity for H1 receptors. Also demonstrated the possibilities of the original drug bilastin (Nixar) – a representative of a group of antihistamines.

ARIA 2016 executive summary: Integrated care pathways for predictive, preventive and personalized medicine across the life cycle

ABSTRACTThe Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization (WHO) workshop in 1999. The initial goals were (i) to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, (ii) to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma and rhinitis and (iii) to develop guidelines with all stakeholders for global use in all countries and populations. ARIA – disseminated and implemented in over 70 countries globally – is now focusing on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine. MASK (MACVIA (Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif)-ARIA Sentinel NetworK) uses mobile technology to develop care pathways in order to enable the management of rhinitis and asthma by a multi-disciplinary group or by patients themselves. An App (Android and iOS) is available in 20 countries and 15 languages. It uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity as well as a clinical decision support system. It is associated with an inter-operable tablet for physicians and other health care professionals. The scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. The aim of the novel ARIA approach is to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers, whatever their age, sex or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequalities incurred by the disease.

ARIA 2016: Integrated care pathways for predictive medicine across the life cycle

The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization (WHO) workshop in 1999. The initial goals were to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma and rhinitis and to develop guidelines with all stakeholders for global use in all countries and populations. ARIA - disseminated and implemented in over 70 countries globally - is now focusing on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine. MASK [MACVIA (Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif) - ARIA Sentinel NetworK] uses mobile technology to develop care pathways in order to enable the management of rhinitis and asthma by a multi-disciplinary group or by patients themselves. An App (Android and iOS) is available in 20 countries and 15 languages. It uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity as well as a clinical decision support system. It is associated with an inter-operable tablet for physicians and other health care professionals. The scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. The aim of the novel ARIA approach is to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers, whatever their age, sex or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequalities incurred by the disease.

ARIA 2016 Executive Summary Integrated care pathways for predictive medicine across the life cycle

The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization (WHO) workshop in 1999. The initial goals were (i) to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, (ii) to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma and rhinitis and (iii) to develop guidelines with all stakeholders for global use in all countries and populations. ARIA - disseminated and implemented in over 70 countries globally - is now focusing on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine. MASK (MACVIA (Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif)-ARIA Sentinel NetworK) uses mobile technology to develop care pathways in order to enable the management of rhinitis and asthma by a multi-disciplinary group or by patients themselves. An App (Android and iOS) is available in 20 countries and 15 languages. It uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity as well as a clinical decision support system. It is associated with an inter-operable tablet for physicians and other health care professionals. The scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. The aim of the novel ARIA approach is to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers, whatever their age, sex or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequalities incurred by the disease. Keywords: ARIA, rhinitis, ICT, EIP on AHA, mobile technology, AIRWAYS ICPs

ARIA 2016 executive summary: Integrated care pathways for predictive medicine throughout the life cycle in Argentina

The ARIA initiative was started during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999. The initial goals were to propose a new classification for allergic rhinitis, to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma and rhinitis and to develop guidelines with stakeholders for world-wide use. ARIA is now focused on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine. MASK: MACVIA-Aria Sentinel Network uses mobile technology to develop care pathways that enable management by a multidisciplinary group or by patients themselves. An App for iOS and Android uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity, as well as a clinical decision support system; it is associated with an interoperable tablet for health professionals. The escalation strategy uses recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. The aim of ARIA's new approach is to provide an active and healthy life to people affected by rhinitis, regardless of age, gender or socioeconomic status, in order to reduce social and health inequalities caused by the disease.

ARIA 2016 executive summary: integrated care pathways for predictive medicine across the life cycle

The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization (WHO) workshop in 1999. The initial goals were (i) to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, (ii) to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma and rhinitis and (iii) to develop guidelines with all stakeholders for global use in all countries and populations. ARIA- disseminated and implemented in over 70 countries globally- is now focusing on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine. MASK (MACVIA (Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif)-ARIA Sentinel NetworK) uses mobile technology to develop care pathways in order to enable the management of rhinitis and asthma by a multi-disciplinary group or by patients themselves. An App (Android and iOS) is available in 20 countries and 15 languages. It uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity as well as a clinical decision support system. It is associated with an inter-operable tablet for physicians and other health care professionals. The scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. The aim of the novel ARIA approach is to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers, whatever their age, sex or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequalities incurred by the disease.

ARIA 2016: Resumen ejecutivo vías de atención integradas para una medicina preventiva a lo largo del ciclo vital

The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization (WHO) workshop in 1999. The initial goals were (i) to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, (ii) to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma and rhinitis and (iii) to develop guidelines with all stakeholders for global use in all countries and populations. ARIA - disseminated and implemented in over 70 countries globally - is now focusing on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine. MASK (MACVIA (Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif)-ARIA Sentinel NetworK)&#x0D; uses mobile technology to develop care pathways in order to enable the management of rhinitis and asthma by a multi-disciplinary group or by patients themselves. An App (Android and iOS) is available in 20 countries and 15 languages. It uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity as well as a clinical decision support system. It is associated with an&#x0D; inter-operable tablet for physicians and other health care professionals. The scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing.

ALLERGIC RHINITIS: EFFICIENT THERAPEUTIC OPPORTUNITIES

The article presents epidemiology, pathogenesis and classification of allergic rhinitis. The highlights of the article include nonpharmacological and pharmacological methods of treatment of this disease, and the efficacy of different groups of drugs for relief and management of allergic rhinitis symptoms.

Vitamin D in Pediatric Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis: Benefits beyond Skeletal Health

Deficiency of Vitamin D in the Indian subcontinent is emerging as a major noninfectious epidemic. To correlate vitamin D deficient children with the asthma and allergic rhinitis classification and pulmonary function tests. We studied 66 children with asthma and allergic rhinitis between 6 to 12 years of whom 33 cases were administered Vitamin D and 33 controls who were not given Vitamin D. The ethical committee approval was taken. It was a prospective, randomised and comparative study. Data was analysed using mean, standard deviation and pairedt test. The study revealed 42 (63.6%) males and 24 (36.4%) females. The Asthma classification depicted mild persistent in 37 (56.1%) followed by intermittent 16 (24.2%) and moderate persistent 12 (18.2%). Maximum cases of allergic rhinitis were moderate persistent 42 (63.6%). The Children who received vitamin D had significant improvement of Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1, p-0.000), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC, p-0.005), FEV1: FVC% (p-0.002) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR, p-0.000). The control group showed significant improvement in the PEFR parameter (p- 0.0077). The case group showed marked improvement in the lung functions. Adherence to the duration of therapy for a period of 10 weeks with Vitamin D is mandatory.

About the unresolved problems of terminology and classification of allergic rhinitis and the desirability of distinguishing the mixed form of the disease

This article deals with the history of the development of terminology and classification of allergic (vasomotor) rhinitis during the last 50 years.

Rinitis alérgica en pacientes asmáticos

Allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma are airways chronic inflammatory processes, with a correlation of 28-78%. To determine the prevalence and classification of allergic rhinitis on asthmatic patients, according to the workshop Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), and to assess the total serum concentrations of IgE and the presence of nasal and blood eosinophilia. A study was done with asthmatic patients ages 7 to 14, attending the Pediatric Service at the Hospital General del Sur Dr. Pedro Iturbe, Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. Subjects were polled for signs and symptoms suggesting allergic rhinitis and its impact on quality of life. Blood and nasal swab samples were taken to perform laboratory tests in study. There were 60 asthmatic patients, 73.3% males and 70% scholar age patients. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 93.3%, according to ARIA classification. Mild intermittent group was the most frequent type, with 42.8% the most frequent clinic sign was the allergic shiners (86.6%), and the predominant symptom was the nasal aqueous trickle (83.3%), while sleep disorders were the most common affection of quality of life (39.2%). In 85.7% of patients eosinophil percentage was higher than 3%, whereas in 75% total serum IgE values were higher than 100 Ul/mL. In patients with rhinitis, 61.9% of the nasal mucus showed altered eosinophils percentage higher than 10%. A high prevalence of allergic rhinitis is present in asthmatic patients, confirmed by laboratory tests, which proves an inflammatory response mediated by IgE.