Treatment Of Allergic Conjunctivitis Research Articles

Disponibilidade de medicamentos tópicos e oculares para o tratamento de conjuntivite alérgica nas farmácias privadas da cidade de Nampula, Moçambique, 2019

A Conjuntivite é um processo inflamatório da conjuntiva, caracterizado pela dilatação vascular, infiltração celular e exsudação. As patologias conjuntivais constituem 30 a 90% das consultas realizadas em oftalmología. Dentre elas as mais comuns são as patologias inflamatórias (conjuntivitis). A importância clínica da alergia ocular é devida mais a sua frequência do que a sua gravidade, apesar de poder levar a cegueira em alguns casos. Este estudo teve como objectivo, Avaliar a disponibilidade dos medicamentos tópico e oculares para o tratamento da conjuntivite alérgica nas Farmácias de cidade Nampula em Moçambique. Realizou-se um estudo observacional, dscritivo quantitativo, transversal e prospectivo, com base em um questionário para o levantamento da presença de 23 medicamentos. Das 41 farmácias, 87,8% tinham pelo menos 1 medicamento dos 23 nomes que constavam no questionário. Dos 23 itens seleccionados foram encontrados 13, correspondentes a 54,52%, a predniselona foi o mais encontrado com 82.9%, a Dexametazona com 21.6%. O grupo mais disponível foi de Corticosteroides 82,9%, seguido de Estabilizadores de mastócitos com 46,3% e o grupo indisponível foi o de anti-histamínicos. De forma geral, a disponibilidade de medicamentos para tratamento da conjuntivite alérgica nas farmácias da cidade de Nampula é relativamente alta, um número significativo de medicamentos está disponível nas farmácias privadas da cidade de Nampula, no entanto, verificou-se a ausência dos anti-histamínicos. Palavras Chaves: Disponibilidade. Medicamento ocular. Tratamento. Conjuntivite Alérgica. Corticosteroides. Estabilizadores de mastócitos. Anti-histamínicos.

Comparative analysis of safety and efficacy of Alcaftadine 0.25%, Olopatadine hydrochloride 0.2% and Bepotastine besilate 1.5% in allergic conjunctivitis.

Purpose:To compare the efficacy and safety of Alcaftadine 0.25%, Olopatadine hydrochloride 0.2%, and Bepotastine besilate 1.5% ophthalmic solutions in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.Methods:This is a prospective, observer-masked, comparative study of 180 patients with mild to moderate allergic conjunctivitis, randomized into three groups of 60 patients each. Each group was assigned to be treated with one of the three treatment options namely Alcaftadine 0.25%, Olopatadine hydrochloride 0.2% and Bepotastine besilate 1.5% ophthalmic solutions. Patients were followed-up at regular intervals with relief and resolution of symptoms and signs noted using Total Ocular Scoring System (TOSS) and hyperaemia scale.Results:All three topical medications were effective in resolving symptoms of the patients with mild to moderate allergic conjunctivitis. Baseline mean TOSS scores for Alcaftadine group, Olopatadine group and Bepotastine besilate group were (7.68±2.32), (7.65±2.32) and (7.45±2.27) respectively as compared to the corresponding TOSS scores on 14th Day (4th visit) which were (0.2 ± 0.43), (0.4 ± 0.56) and (0.1 ± 0.36) respectively. The resolution of symptoms in the Bepotastine and Alcaftadine groups was significantly profound as compared to the Olopatadine group (p = 0.008). Bepotastine and Alcaftadine groups significantly reduced allergic conjunctivitis symptoms compared to Olopatadine group (p = 0.008).Conclusion:All three topical ophthalmic medications used in the study are safe and effective in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. However, Bepotastine and Alcaftadine appear to outweigh Olopatadine in resolving the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis.

Intraocular Pressure Assessment in Pediatric Cases Receiving Long-Term Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis Treatment

Intraocular Pressure Assessment in Pediatric Cases Receiving Long-Term Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis Treatment

Patch Testing Detection of Contact Allergens in Medical Treatments for Allergic Conjunctivitis.

Patch Testing Detection of Contact Allergens in Medical Treatments for Allergic Conjunctivitis.

Use of allergen immunotherapy for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the literature pertaining to the use of allergen immunotherapy for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis with an emphasis on recent developments. Both subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) immunotherapy continue to show efficacy in treating allergic conjunctival disease, subcutaneous more than sublingual. Adverse effects of sublingual therapy continue to be reported since the FDA's approval of SLIT tablets in 2014. Initial SLIT studies reported high rates of adherence, while real use reports identify rates of nonadherence/discontinuation ranging between 50 and 80%. Studies in polyallergic patients evaluating the efficacy of SLIT combination therapy report encouraging results. Both SCIT and SLIT offers improvement in allergic conjunctival symptom scores and decrease medication utilization. Although SCIT has a higher likelihood of systemic reaction, SLIT has a very high rate of mild-to-moderate adverse events - especially in the first month. Cost-benefit analyses tend to favor SCIT (greater efficacy and less impacted by discontinuation rates).

AN EFFICACY COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN TOPICAL ANTI ALLERGIC DRUGS IN PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS IN WESTERN RAJASTHAN

Backgroud : Allergic conjunctivitis is disturbing condition for patients and challenging condition for treating ophthalmologist and with increasing environmental pollution, the incidence of allergic conjunctivitis is increasing . Severe disease requires steroid but milder form can be treated with newer topical anti allergic medication (combined anti‑histaminic and mast cell stabilization function).Aim: In this study we compare efficacy of olopatadine (0.2%), bepotastine (1.5%), and alcaftadine (0.25%) in treatment of allergic conjunctivitis .Methods: In this randomized, double blind clinical trial 60 allergic conjunctivitis patients divided in three groups. Relief of symptoms and signs were noted and compared. Results: There was no statistical significant difference found in terms of efficacy of all three drugs in resolving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, .There is almost complete relief after 1 week of use of medication ( P < 0.001).

Effectiveness Of Domestic Preparation Kromoviz In Treatment Of Allergic Conjunctivites

Purpose: to study the efficacy and tolerability of the domestic drug cromoviz in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. The state of the organ of vision in 60 patients (120 eyes) with allergic conjunctivitis was studied. Depending on the therapy, the patients were divided into two groups of homogeneous clinical manifestations. At the same time, the patients of the main group (30 patients) were instilled with the drug Cromoviz (Uzbekistan), 2 drops 4 times a day for 4 weeks. Patients of the control group (30 patients) were instilled with Aycrol according to the same scheme. The obtained research results showed that the use of the domestic drug cromoviz against the background of basic treatment is expressed in a decrease in subjective complaints of patients and a significant clinical effect in 95.9% of cases. The revealed economic efficiency of the drug action indicates the achievement of the maximum level of therapeutic result at an acceptable price for the patient and therapeutic-prophylactic institution. Cases of side effects and intolerance to the domestic drug cromoviz were not identified in our studies.

Evaluating the effectiveness of a sodium cromoglycate group drug in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

Purpose . To study the effectiveness and tolerability of sodium cromoglycate (Uzbekistan) in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Material and methods . 60 patients (120 eyes) with allergic conjunctivitis aged 18 to 60 years (28 men and 32 women), were divided into two homogeneous groups with similar clinical manifestations. The main group (30 patients), in addition to basic treatment, received instillations of sodium cromoglycate, 2 drops 4 times a day for 4 weeks. The control group (30 patients) received a foreign medication of the same group, instilled in the same way. Results . The patients of both groups revealed a comparable therapeutic effect. By the end of the treatment course, substantial positive changes were observed and the symptoms of allergic inflammation disappeared. The treatment effectiveness was 95.9 and 97.6 % in the main and the control groups, respectively. Conclusion . The use of domestic medication of the sodium cromoglycate group reduces the patients’ subjective complaints and helps achieve a maximum therapeutic effect at a price affordable by the patient and the clinic. No side effects or cases of intolerance to the drug of sodium cromoglycate group used have been revealed.

In vitro-in vivo evaluation of tetrahydrozoline-loaded ocular in situ gels on rabbits for allergic conjunctivitis management.

Ocular allergy is one of the most common disorders of the eye surface. The conventional eye drops lack of therapeutic efficacy due to low ocular bioavailability and decreased drug residence time on eye surface. Hence, the present research work aimed to formulate, optimize, and evaluate the in situ gel for ophthalmic drug delivery. The prepared in situ gel formulations were evaluated for clarity, pH, gelling capacity, viscosity, osmolality, in vitro release study, and kinetic evaluation. ex vivo corneal permeation/penetration study using goat and in vivo studies on rabbits were also performed. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy was also applied to study possible interactions between drug and polymers. The formulations found to be stable, nonirritant, and showed sustained release of the drug for a period of up to 24 hr with no ocular damage. The developed in situ gels loaded with tetrahydrozoline are alternative and promising ocular candidates for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Combined Action Antiallergic Drugs in Monotherapy of Allergic Conjunctivitis

According to statistical studies in recent decades, there has been an increase of allergic diseases in most countries of the world. Predisposing factors are the deterioration of the environmental situation, the total “chemicalization” of life and the forced use of drugs. Twenty years ago, the World Health Organization called the new century “the century of allergies” and the disease itself as an “epidemic”. As time has shown, these forecasts have come true: from 2001 to 2010, the number of allergic people in the world increased by 20 % and many of these patients suffer from ophthalmic manifestations of the pathology: the eyes are involved in the process in almost every second case. This is due to the fact that the eyes are directly exposed to the environment and a variety of external allergens. The most common disease of an eye-allergic nature is allergic conjunctivitis: approximately 15 % of the total population of economically developed countries suffer from it. Allergic blepharitis, eyelid dermatitis, keratitis, iritis, uveitis, retinitis and optic neuritis are much less common. The following manifestations are typical for allergic conjunctivitis: burning, lacrimation, pruritus, hyperemia of the eyelids and conjunctiva, photophobia. In the case of a transition to a chronic form, pronounced tissue changes are observed. Therefore, timely diagnosis and effective treatment certainly have a positive effect on the quality of life of the patient and the course of the disease. The treatment of patients with allergic conjunctivitis, first of all, consists in the maximum possible restriction of contact with the allergen. During desensitizing therapy, local and general drugs are used. Numerous studies have proven the advantage of targeted and effective antiallergic local therapy compared with systemic exposure. Currently used local ophthalmic antiallergic drugs belonging to various groups. The tactics of their use is determined by the acuity, severity and etiology of the process. When choosing a drug, in some cases, you should focus on the presence of substances that provide a double mechanism of action: a pronounced antihistamine activity in combination with the stabilization properties of mast cells, which has a quick and long therapeutic effect. This study evaluated efficacy of Vizallergol (olopatadin 0.2 %) application in cases of allergic conjunctivitis in 239 patients was evaluated. The medication arrested the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis in 89 % of patients, at that the mean period of treatment made 10.7 ± 0.3 days. In the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, the therapeutic efficacy of Vizallergol 0.2 % was comparable to opatanol 0.1 % and was found to be more comfortable for most patients due to the convenience of a single use.

Sympathetic Nerves Positively Regulate Eosinophil-Driven Allergic Conjunctivitis via α1-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling

Eosinophils are a major cause of tissue injury in allergic conjunctivitis. The biological nature of eosinophils in the conjunctiva and the mechanisms that control eosinophils' responses in allergic conjunctivitis are currently not completely understood. This study reports that conjunctival eosinophils comprise two populations-Siglec-Fint and Siglec-Fhi-in different life stages. Siglec-Fint eosinophils partly expressed CD34 and were in the immature (or steady) state. Siglec-Fhi eosinophils did not express CD34, sharply increased in number after short ragweed (SRW) pollen challenge, and were in the mature (or activated) state. Moreover, chemical sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine reduced the recruitment and activation of eosinophils, whereas the activation of the sympathetic nerve system (SNS) with restraint stress accelerated the recruitment and activation of eosinophils in SRW-induced conjunctivitis. It was also found that two eosinophil populations expressed alpha-1a-adrenergic receptors (α1a-ARs); in SRW-induced conjunctivitis, treatment with an α1a-AR antagonist decreased eosinophil responses, whereas treatment with an α1a-AR agonist aggravated eosinophil responses. Thus, eosinophil responses in conjunctivitis are regulated by the SNS via α1a-AR signaling. SNS inputs or α1a-AR function may be potential targets for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

The Potential Inhibitory Effects of miR-19b on Ocular Inflammation are Mediated Upstream of the JAK/STAT Pathway in a Murine Model of Allergic Conjunctivitis.

PurposeThymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pro-allergic cytokine that initiates allergic inflammatory reaction between epithelial and dendritic cells (DCs). miR-19b was reported to suppress TSLP expression. The present study aimed to examine miR-19b expression, regulation, and function in allergic conjunctivitis (AC).MethodsA murine model of experimental AC was induced in BALB/c mice by short ragweed pollen. The serum, eye balls, conjunctiva, and cervical lymph nodes (CLN) were used for the study. Gene expression was determined by RT-PCR, whereas protein production and activation were evaluated by immunostaining, ELISA, and Western blotting.ResultsIn the murine AC model, miR-19b was aberrantly downregulated, whereas the levels of TSLP and p-STAT3, as well as the number of CD11c+ pSTAT3+ DCs were increased. Moreover, Th2 inflammatory cytokine expression was significantly increased. These severe phenotypes could be counteracted by either applying exogenous miR-19b mimic microRNAs or the JAK/STAT inhibitor CYT387. Moreover, overexpression of miR-19b repressed p-STAT3 expression and the number of CD11c+ cells in AC eye and CLN tissues.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that miR-19b reduced ocular surface inflammation by inhibiting Stat3 signaling via TSLP downregulation in a murine AC model. Moreover, the present study further demonstrated the clinical potential of applying miR-19b and anti-JAK/STAT therapies in the treatment of AC.

Обоснование состава глазных капель с витаминами для лечения аллергического конъюнктивита

Обоснование состава глазных капель с витаминами для лечения аллергического конъюнктивита

Eyes on New Product Development.

Eyes on New Product Development.

Ketotifen Modulates Mast Cell Chemotaxis to Kit-Ligand, but Does Not Impact Mast Cell Numbers, Degranulation, or Tumor Behavior in Neurofibromas of Nf1-Deficient Mice.

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common genetic tumor predisposition syndromes in humans. Mutant NF1 results in dysregulated RAS allowing neoplasms throughout the neuroaxis. Plexiform neurofibromas (pNF) afflict up to 50% of patients with NF1. They are complex tumors of the peripheral nerve that cause major morbidity via nerve dysregulation and mortality via conversion to malignant sarcoma. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of NF1 provide valuable insights for the identification of therapies that have utility in people with pNF. Preclinical studies in GEMMs implicate mast cells and the c-Kit/Kit ligand pathway in pNF tumorigenesis. Kit ligand is a potent chemokine secreted by tumorigenic, Nf1-deficient Schwann cells. Ketotifen is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis and asthma that promotes mast cell stabilization and has been used in prior case studies to treat or prevent pNFs. This study investigated the effect of ketotifen on mast cell infiltration and degranulation in the presence and absence of Kit ligand provocation and the effect of ketotifen on shrinking or preventing pNF formation in the Nf1flox/flox ;PostnCre + GEMM. Ketotifen decreased mast cell infiltration in response to exogenous Kit ligand administration, but did not affect mast cell degranulation. Importantly, ketotifen did not reduce mast cells numbers or activity in pNF and did not prevent pNF formation or decrease the volume of established pNF despite administration of pharmacologically active doses. These findings suggest that ketotifen has limited use as monotherapy to prevent or reduce pNF burden in the setting of Nf1 mutations.

Quercetin as a Lyn kinase inhibitor inhibits IgE-mediated allergic conjunctivitis

BackgroundAllergic conjunctivitis (AC) resulting from conjunctival reactive inflammation is a common ocular surface disease. Quercetin is known for its anti-allergic properties but its effects on conjunctivitis are less well understood. PurposeIn this study, we evaluated the anti-allergic effects of quercetin in animal models of conjunctivitis, and explored its molecular mechanism(s) of action in cultured human mast cells (MCs). Key resultsQuercetin inhibited the ovalbumin (OVA) induced expression of IgE, HA, IL-4, TNF-α and substance-P in the peripheral blood of AC mouse models. Quercetin also attenuated OVA induced MC degranulation, eosinophil number, substance P concentrations, and mRNA IL-4/TNF-α expression in the conjunctival tissue of AC models. In vitro analysis showed that quercetin reduced DNP-HSA/IgE induced calcium (Ca2+) influx, and suppressed degranulation and chemokine release in LAD2 cells (human primary mast cell). Quercetin also inhibited DNP-HSA/IgE induced Lyn/PLCγ/IP3R–Ca2+ activation, Lyn/ERK1/2 signaling, and Lyn/NF-κB activation in LAD2 cells, all of which promote inflammation. When added alone, quercetin had no effect on PLCγ1 phosphorylation or expression, but potently inhibited Lyn and phosphorylation-Lyn. Quercetin (200 μM) and Lyn inhibitors (Bafetinib, 10 μM) inhibit the activity of Lyn kinase, and quercetin can reduce the activation of Lyn kinase by Lyn agonist (Tolimidone, 10 μM). These data can be preliminarily determined that quercetin can inhibit allergic conjunctivitis as a Lyn kinase inhibitor. Conclusions and implicationsThis study illustrated the use of quercetin for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, which might act through its ability to inhibit Lyn/PLCγ/IP3R–Ca2+, Lyn/ERK1/2, and Lyn/NF-κB signaling. The inhibition of Lyn likely represents a major mechanism by which quercetin dampens the inflammatory response in AC disease models.

Clinical Experience of Using 0.2 % Olopatadin in the Allergic Conjunctivitis Treatment

Purpose:to evaluate the efficacy and safety of complex therapy of allergic conjunctivitis, including 0.2 % olopatodin.Patients and methods:In 40 allergic conjunctivitis (AK) patients were performed: assessment of the intensity of itching and tearing, as well as conjunctival hyperemia and folliculosis (points); Schirmer’s test (SHT; mm); tear film break up time (TFBUT, s); assessment of the lid wiper epitheliopathy symptom (LWES, points); calculation of the xerosis indicator (XI; points, according to Bijsterveld). In the 1 group (20 pollen AK patients) were given: 0.2 % olopatadine instillations (1 time per day); preservative free polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol fixed combination (2–3 times a day, from 7 days of therapy). Control points: 7 and 30 days of therapy. Patients of 2 group with pollen AK and chronic blepharitis (saprophytic flora and Demodex) were performed: 0.2 % olopatadine instillations (1 time per day); eyelid hygiene (poloxamer 188 and PEG-90 gel; 2 times per day); ointment containing gentamicin and dexamethasone (application on the eyelids margins, 2 times a day, 14 days); acaricidal gel (based on preparations of sulfur, sodium hyaluronate and aloe extract; 2 times a day, from 15 days of therapy); preservative free polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol fixed combination (2–3 times a day, from 15 days of therapy). Control points: 14 and 30 days of treatment. Statistical analysis included: calculation of an average and its standard deviation (М ± s); evaluation of reliability of differences in control points (Wilcoxon’s T-criterion; χ2 criterion). Statistically significant was p < 0,05.Results:Patients of both groups had good tolerability of the treatment; no significant systemic and local side effects of treatment were noted. In 1 group patients by the 7th and 30th day of therapy, a significant decrease in the severity of itching, tearing and conjunctival hyperemia was observed. By the 30th day of observation, the complete absence of itching was noted in 85 % of individuals, the absence of hyperemia — in 80 %. The rest of the observed severity of these signs did not exceed the level of one point, and their manifestations were non-permanent. Conjunctival follicular response significantly decreased by 30 days of observation. SHT showed a significant decrease in all control points, remaining within normal limits. Dynamics of TFBUT and XI by 7 days of therapy was unreliable. By the 30th day of treatment, there was a significant positive dynamics of TFBUT and XI, compared with the state before the therapy and 7 days of observation. At the same time, TFBUT and XI have reached values close to normal. In 2 group patients by the 14th and 30th day of therapy, a significant decrease in the severity of itching, tearing, hyperemia and follicular conjunctival reaction was recorded (by 1–2 points). The value of SHT showed a significant decrease in all control points (within the normal values of the indicator). By the 14th day of therapy, a significant decrease of LWES was noted; the NT and XI the dynamics were statistically insignificant. By the 30th day of observation, significant positive dynamics of NT, XI, and LWES were noted, compared with the state before the start of treatment and 14 days of therapy. Despite the almost complete relief of symptoms and signs of allergy and ocular surface condition improvement, by 30 days of observation, the magnitudes of NT, XI and LWES still did not reach the normal state, which determined the need for further artificial tear therapy, eyelid hygiene and acaricide treatment.Conclusion:Combined therapy, including 0.2 % olopatadin instillation, demonstrated high efficacy in relieving symptoms (itching, tearing) and signs (hyperemia and follicular conjunctival reaction) of allergic conjunctivitis, as well as a good safety profile.

Ocular allergy: update on clinical trials.

The purpose of this article is to provide an update on the advances made through recent clinical trials regarding the treatment of the signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis and its associated conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated significant advancement in the various forms of immunotherapy treatments. Nutritional interventions such as probiotics have surfaced as a viable complementary treatment option. Novel delivery methods such as contact lenses have been further studied along with a new tacrolimus formulation to improve ocular levels of the drug. Currently, the primary advances in treatment for allergic conjunctivitis has shifted from new ophthalmic agents to immunotherapy and improvement of drug delivery. This includes the classic subcutaneous and sublingual and the novel epicutaneous and intralymphatic immunotherapy delivery systems as well as an edible rice vaccine. New targets for treatment have spurred research into new antagonist drugs such as (OC000459), a prostaglandin D2 antagonist. The Marinosolv formulation using tacrolimus shows promise and may be considered for other ophthalmic agents in the future. Other nonpharmacological treatments such as stenting and mechanical barrier gel have demonstrated their usefulness in treating ocular symptoms.

A Novel Approach of Drug Localization through Development of Polymeric Micellar System Containing Azelastine HCl for Ocular Delivery.

Background: Development of polymeric micelles for the management of allergic conjunctivitis to overcome the limitations of topical installation, such as poor patient compliance, poor stromal permeability, and significant adverse effects, increase precorneal residence time and efficacy, and also control the release of drug at the target site.Objective: The investigation was aimed at developing a polymeric micellar system of Azelastine HCl for Ocular Delivery.Methods: Drug loaded micelles of tri-block copolymers Pf 127 were prepared by Thin Film hydration method. The polymeric micelles formulations (F1 to F9) were assessed for entrapment efficiency, micelle size, in vitro permeation, ex vivo transcorneal permeation, in vivo Ocular Irritation, and Histology.Results: Optimized micelles formulation (F3), with the lowest micelle size of 92 nm, least polydispersity value of 0.135, highest entrapment efficiency of 95.30 ± 0.17%, and a cumulative drug permeation of 84.12 ± 1.26% in 8h, was selected to develop pH-sensitive micelles loaded carbopol in situ gel. The optimized in situ gel (G4) proved to be superior in its ex vivo transcorneal permeation when compared with Market Preparation and pure drug suspension, exhibiting 43.35 ± 1.48% Permeation with zero-order kinetics (r2 = 0.9944) across goat cornea. Transmission Electron microscopy revealed spherical polymeric micelles trapped in the gel matrix. A series of experiments showed hydration capability, non-irritancy, and histologically safe gel formulation that had appropriate handling characteristics.Conclusion: A controlled release pH-sensitive ocular formulation capable of carrying the drug to the anterior section of the eye via topical delivery was successfully developed for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

A study on the use of topical bepotastine besilate ophthalmic solution (BBOS) 1.5% in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

A study on the use of topical bepotastine besilate ophthalmic solution (BBOS) 1.5% in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis - IJCEO- Print ISSN No: - 2395-1443 Online ISSN No:- 2395-1451 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijceo.2019.074, Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology-Indian J Clin Exp Ophthalmol