BackgroundAsthma, a chronic lung disease, is a significant public health problem worldwide. It is marked by increased Th2 response resulting in eosinophil accumulation. The pathophysiology of asthma involves various cell types, including epithelial cells, dendritic cells (DCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), B cells, and effector cells. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), a critical transcription factor for immune regulation, is known for its role in T cells and, more recently, in myeloid cells. However, the specific contributions of NFATc1 in T cells and DCs in the context of asthma are not well understood. ObjectiveExplore NFATc1’s role in T cells and dendritic cells in modulating Th2 immune responses within the pathophysiology of allergic asthma. MethodsMice lacking Nfatc1 in CD4+T cells or CD11c+ dendritic cells, were induced with asthma using house dust mite (HDM), enabling investigation into NFATc1's role in both cell types in experimental allergic asthma. Additionally, the study examined NFATc1 expression in these cells and its correlation with blood eosinophil levels in an adult asthma cohort. ResultsIn HDM-induced asthma model, we found that Nfatc1 deficiency either in CD4+ T cells or CD11c+ dendritic cells resulted in reduced Th2-driven eosinophilic inflammation, immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, and mast cell presence in the lung of asthmatic mice. Nfatc1's absence in CD4+ T cells directly hampered Th2 cell polarization and functionality, whereas in CD11c+ dendritic cells, it affected DC differentiation and maturation, thereby weakening T cell priming, proliferation and subsequent Th2 differentiation. Correspondingly, translational research indicated significant correlations between CD4+NFATc1+ and CD11c+NFATc1+ cell populations and eosinophil levels in asthmatic patients, but not in healthy controls. ConclusionNFATc1 in T cells and dendritic cells modulate Th2-mediated eosinophilic inflammation in allergic asthma, which offering insights into asthma pathogenesis and identifying NFATc1 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.