Allergen Sensitivity In Patients Research Articles

Allergen Sensitivity in Patients with Allergic Respiratory Tract Symptoms in Izmir and its Environs, Aegean Region of Turkey

Allergen Sensitivity in Patients with Allergic Respiratory Tract Symptoms in Izmir and its Environs, Aegean Region of Turkey

Allergen Sensitivity in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis by Skin Prick Test

Allergen Sensitivity in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis by Skin Prick Test

Allergen Sensitization in Patients with Skin Diseases in Shanghai, China.

Allergen distribution has obvious geographical characteristics. Understanding local epidemiological data may provide evidence-based strategies for the prevention and management of disease. We investigated the distribution of allergen sensitization in patients with skin diseases in Shanghai, China. Data from tests for serum-specific immunoglobulin E were collected from 714 patients with three skin diseases who visited the Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital from January 2020 to February 2022. The prevalence of 16 allergen species, as well as age, sex, and disease-group differences in allergen sensitization, were investigated. Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were the most common aeroallergen species to cause allergic sensitization in patients with skin diseases, whereas shrimp and crab were the most common food-allergen species. Children were more susceptible to various allergen species. With regard to sex differences, males were sensitized to more allergen species than females. Patients suffering from atopic dermatitis were sensitized to more allergenic species than patients with non-atopic eczema or urticaria. Allergen sensitization in patients with skin diseases in Shanghai differed by age, sex, and disease type. Knowing the prevalence of allergen sensitization across age, sex, and disease type may help facilitate diagnostic and intervention efforts, and guide the treatment and management of skin diseases in Shanghai.

Profile of aeroallergen sensitizations in allergic patients living in southern Vietnam.

Climatic and geographical characteristics may alter the plant distribution and thereby the patterns of allergens. To evaluate the profile of allergen sensitization in patients in southern Vietnam and its association with allergic diseases. We collected data of 423 patients who visited the Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, Vietnam from 2014 to 2021, from their medical records. Patients underwent skin prick tests to the 12 most common aeroallergens. Clinical evaluation and diagnosis of allergic diseases was done in consert with their allergen sensitization status. Mites and cockroach were the most prevalent sensitizing allergens, with the sensitization prevalences as followed: Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) (59.8%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) (50.4%), Blomica tropicalis (Bt) (49.6%), storage mites mix (10.4%), and cockroach (10.2%). Sensitization to Df was more predominant in males than in females (66% vs 54.1%). Dp-sensitized patients were younger than non-sensitized patients (29.01 ± 13.60 vs. 32.17 ± 14.89) whereas storage mites-sensitized patients were older than the non-sensitized groups (36.25 ± 13.53 vs. 28.76 ± 13.39) (p < 0.05 for all). A considerable proportion of patients with urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were sensitized to mites. Polysensitization to different species of house dust mites (Dp, Df) and storage mites (Bt) was prevalent among patients sensitized to any kind of mites. Among people living in southern Vietnam, HDM mites, and cockroach were the predominant allergens. Further studies on the factors regulating the association between allergen sensitization with allergic diseases and polysensitization are crucial.

Prevalence and trend of allergen sensitization in patients with cheilitis referred for patch testing, North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 2001-2018.

An updated understanding of allergic contact cheilitis is needed. To characterize clinical characteristics and allergen relevance in patients with cheilitis referred for patch testing. Retrospective analysis of 43 772 patients patch tested with the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) screening series from 2001 to 2018. Overall, 2094 patients (4.8%) had lips as one of three sites of dermatitis, 1583 (3.6%) had lips as the primary site and 1167 (2.7%) had lips as the sole site of dermatitis. Prevalences of cheilitis at any, primary, and sole sites significantly increased throughout the study cycle from 2001-2002 (2.7%, 2.2% and 1.7%) to 2017-2018 (7.8%, 5.2% and 3.7%). Approximately 60% of patients with any, a primary, or a sole site of cheilitis had one or more positive allergic patch-test reactions compared to 65% of those without cheilitis. Patients with cheilitis who were referred for patch testing had high rates of positive and relevant allergens. More than one in four patients with any, primary, or sole cheilitis had a positive reaction to non-NACDG screening allergens (28.0%, 26.8%, 31.1% vs. 21.6%) compared to patients without cheilitis, emphasizing the need for expanded patch test series in cheilitis.

Evaluation of Allergen Sensitization in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma in Tekirdağ

Evaluation of Allergen Sensitization in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma in Tekirdağ

Prevalence and trend of allergen sensitization in patients with a diagnosis of stasis dermatitis referred for patch testing, North American contact dermatitis group data, 2001-2016.

Few studies explored the relationship between stasis dermatitis (SD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). To examine trends, associations, and clinical relevance of ACD in patients referred for patch testing who had a final SD diagnosis. Retrospective analysis from 2001 to 2016 of 38,723 patients from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group. After patch testing, 303 (0.7%) patients were diagnosed with SD; 46.7% had a concomitant diagnosis of ACD. Patients with vs. without a final SD diagnosis had similar proportions of ≥ 1 positive allergic reaction (59.7% vs. 64.7%; Chi-square, P = 0.0724) but higher odds of allergic reactions to fragrance mix I, bacitracin, quaternium-15, Myroxylon pereirae, benzalkonium chloride, ethyleneurea melamine formaldehyde, diazolidinyl urea, and propylene glycol. The most commonly relevant allergens in patients with final SD diagnosis were fragrance mix I, Myroxylon pereirae, bacitracin, quaternium-15, and formaldehyde. The most common allergen sources were personal care products, topical medications and other health aid products. Nearly half of patients with a final SD diagnosis were also diagnosed with ACD, supporting the role of patch testing in select SD patients.

Correlation between interleukin 4 (IL-4) expression and allergen sensitization in allergic rhinitis patients

The objective of this research was to measure the correlation of the expression of IL-4 with allergen sensitization in patients with allergic rhinitis. Descriptive analytics was used as a method in this research, with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were 37 persons with allergic rhinitis who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This research was conducted in patients with clinical manifestations of symptoms of allergic rhinitis, and skin prick tests were carried out with ten types of allergens, which are: house dust, cotton, chicken feathers, shrimp, tuna, chicken egg-yolk, chicken egg-white, peanuts, tea, and chocolate. Venous blood sampling was performed for the Interleukin-4 (IL-4) test by using an ELISA device. The respondents were 37 patients with allergic rhinitis, of which 26 (70.3 %) were women and 11 (29.7 %) were men. The highest sensitivity to inhaled allergens in patients with rhinitis was to house dust in 31 samples (83.8 %). The correlation of the expression of IL-4 with sensitization to allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis based on the Spearman test resulted in p > 0.05, not significant with some allergens in a negative correlation. There was no significant correlation between the expression of IL-4 and the sensitization to allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Patterns of allergen sensitization in patients with asthma in Yaqui Valley, Mexico

Introduction. People who live in highly allergenic regions have a greater risk of being sensitized; therefore, these areas have a higher prevalence of mono and polysensitized patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the allergen sensitization profiles in patients with asthma in an agricultural zone in Mexico. Methods. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in a secondary care hospital in Obregon City, Mexico. The allergen sensitization pattern profiles were analyzed through a skin prick test (SPT) in 294 patients. Data was collected before SPT: asthma control was classified according to the Global Initiative for Asthma Criteria, nutritional status was assessed with the Body Mass Index (BMI) using Quetelet’s index (BMI = weight/height2), and comorbidities, asthma, and smoking habits were collected from the patients’ medical records. Results. In this study, in a group of adults with asthma, the prevalence of sensitization was 77%. The most frequent categories of aeroallergens were in indoors, in zones with weeds and abundant trees. A low proportion of monosensitized patients (2%) was observed. House dust mites were the most common allergens. Conclusions. Our study describes the sensitization pattern among asthma patients. This study will help identify the panel of most common allergens in this region of Mexico, and aid in selection of specific treatment through immunotherapy.

Prevalence and trend of allergen sensitization in patients with nummular (discoid) eczema referred for patch testing: North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 2001-2016.

Few studies have examined the relationship between nummular (discoid) eczema (NE) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). To examine trends, associations, and clinical relevance of ACD in patients with NE who were referred for patch testing. Retrospective analysis of 38 723 patients from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group. Overall, 748 patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with NE; 23.9% had a concomitant diagnosis of ACD. The prevalence of NE fluctuated over time between 2001 and 2016, with no overall change in prevalence in diagnosed NE. In multivariable logistic regression models, NE increased steadily with age and was associated with male sex and Asian and other race/ethnicity, and inversely associated with a history of atopic dermatitis (AD) and hay fever. Patients with NE had lower proportions of one or more positive allergic reactions and lower odds of a positive reaction in multiple individual allergens. The most commonly relevant allergens in patients with NE were formaldehyde 2.0% aq., methylisothiazolinone, quaternium 15, fragrance mix I, and propylene glycol. NE is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct subsets of lesional distributions and a profile of relevant allergens, especially formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers. Nearly one in four patients with NE had ACD, supporting the role of patch testing in patients with NE.

Altered natural killer cell responses linked to allergen sensitization in patients with atopic dermatitis

Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease associated with skin barrier dysfunction. AD often precedes the development of atopic co-morbidities, including food allergy, asthma and allergic rhinitis. The contributions of natural killer (NK) cells to pathogenesis of AD and progression to allergic disease are unclear. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood samples collected from n=82 children participating in the Mechanisms of Progression of Atopic Dermatitis to Asthma (MPAACH) study, a cohort of toddlers with AD. The children underwent skin prick testing to 11 aeroallergens and 6 foods, and wheezing was defined as one or more episodes of wheezing in the past 12 months. We used flow cytometry to evaluate the phenotype of NK cells in patient PBMC from MPAACH subjects. Our analyses revealed that CD56brightNK cells derived from sensitized children expressed significantly less NKG2D (73.8 ± 3.0 % versus 82.3 ± 2.7 %, respectively, p=0.020) and more TIM-3 (440 ± 462 versus 353 ± 391 median fluorescence intensity, respectively, p=0.085) compared to non-sensitized children. Increased expression of TIM-3 on CD56neg NK cells was also associated with wheezing (47.5 ± 0.51 % versus 19.2 ± 0.40 %, p=0.020). Collectively, these observations suggest that changes within the NK-cell repertoire may promote progressive development of AD and atopic co-morbidities in early life.

Comparative analysis of skin prick test with immunoblotting of different manufacturers in the context of determining the sensitization to birch allergen in patients with respiratory allergic diseases

The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic parameters of various methods for determining birch allergen sensitization in patients with respiratory allergic diseases – allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Materials and methods: During the study, 88 patients with allergic rhinitis and/or atopic asthma were examined with three different methods of specific allergic diagnosis (in vivo and in vitro) according to the recommendations of the ethics committee of the Pirogov Vinnitsa National Medical University, all of which were out of acute. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (both intermittent and persistent) and/or atopic asthma. The pre-test was conducted according to the classic test method according to the normative documents with commercial allergen extracts. Western blots for the determination of IgE levels were performed using RIDA AllergyScreen test systems (R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany) and Euroline (Euroimmun). Results and discussion: Systematic error of measurement results of immunoblot of different manufacturers is equal to 2.27 ku/l, which indicates the presence of a systematic difference. The distribution graph corresponds to the type of absolute systematic error graphs. The standard deviation of the difference was 11.28, which is significantly compared to the values themselves. Thus, the results of the two systems for the determination of specific IgE for birch allergen by the Rida AllergyScreen and Euroline methods are not well matched due to systematic divergence of indicators. There is a good agreement between the results of skin testing with birch allergens and the detection of specific IgE by the Rida AllergyScreen test, and between the results of skin testing with birch allergen and the detection of specific IgE by the Euroline method, there is a moderate agreement between the results.

Patterns of allergen sensitization in patients with severe asthma in Germany

Patterns of allergen sensitization in patients with severe asthma in Germany

Is month of birth an important factor for sensitization to inhalant allergens in patients with symptoms similar to Allergic Rhinitis?

In this retrospective study, performed in the European region of Istanbul, it was aimed to investigate whether the birth month is a factor in inhalant allergen sensitivity in patients with symptoms similar to allergic rhinitis (AR). Skin prick test was applied to 3460 patients with symptoms similar to AR. The allergens used in the study were grouped according to their origin in four main categories: plants, fungi, house dust mites and animal epithelium (cat and dog). The results were retrospectively evaluated using SPSS analysis software. 2302 patients (66.5%) had at least one or more sensitization to the common inhalant allergens. Pollen sensitization was found to be the most common (53.8%) while sensitivity to the animal dander was the lowest (21.7%) among the individuals. Birth in June and July increased the risk for developing sensitization to the house dust mite (p&amp;lt; 0.012) whereas, birth in August was correlated with a lower risk of sensitization to Quercus Robur (p&amp;lt; 0.038). This study showed that individuals born in summer period can be at risk for developing HDM sensitizations. Thus, it is important to keep the house dust mites as low as possible by taking preventative measures in houses. Our findings may contribute to the planning of personalized preventive health care services for patients with AR-like symptoms.

HELMINTH INFECTION AND ALLERGIC SENSITIZATION IN ESWATI CHILDREN

Introduction The link between helminth infection and allergic conditions is complex and the two conditions have been noted to be both indirectly and directly related. Here we describe helminth infection, allergic symptoms, environmental exposures, and allergen sensitization among patients at a clinic in Mbabane, Swaziland. Methods Participants are enrolled in a longitudinal umbrella study which houses the nested case control study presented here. Allergic symptoms are defined by clinician H&P, and interviewer-guided modified International Survey on Allergies and Asthma in Childhood survey in Siswati. Environmental exposures were identified using interviewer-guided survey in Siswati. IgE sensitization to more than 160 allergen molecules was detected using ImmunoCAP ISAC technology. Results On average patients were 8 years old and 44% were male. Nineteen percent (38/188) of participants have current helminth infection and 8% (15/188) have remote helminth infection. Sixty-eight percent (128/188) of participants surveyed were positive for one or more allergic symptom. Eczema/rash was more prevalent in children with exposure to a miner in the home. Remotely infected patients had less allergy symptoms. House dust mite allergens were the most common allergens recognized in this population 28% (45/160). Allergen sensitization was strikingly absent or low in patients with helminth infection. Conclusions Our evidence suggests that allergic symptoms are common in this population and allergies are less likely among patients with remote helminth infection. There is a dampening of allergen sensitization in patients with helminth infection and allergy symptoms in patients with remote helminth infection. These results support the hygiene hypothesis, in part, and further elucidate its complexities.

Accuracy of serum-specific IgE test with microfluidic array enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosing inhalant allergen sensitization in asthma and/or rhinitis allergy patients in Jakarta, Indonesia.

BackgroundAsthma and allergic rhinitis are a global health burden. Inhalant allergens worsen the symptoms and clinical manifestations of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Skin prick test is the gold standard for diagnosing allergen sensitization but is associated with some limitations. In contrast, in vitro serum-specific immunoglobulin E (SSIgE) test is convenient and is not associated with an anaphylactic risk.ObjectiveThe present study compared the accuracy of the SSIgE test by using microfluidic array enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with that of the skin prick test for diagnosing inhalant allergen sensitization in patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis.MethodsThis diagnostic study included patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. Of these, 100 patients underwent the SSIgE test for diagnosing sensitization to house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, and Blomia tropicalis), dog dander, cat dander, and cockroach allergen. All the patients also underwent the skin prick test for diagnosing allergen sensitization. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and likelihood ratio (LR) of the SSIgE test were evaluated for each allergen.ResultsSensitivity of the SSIgE test for diagnosing house dust mite sensitization was 48%–77%, with the highest sensitivity (77%) observed for diagnosing D. farinae sensitization. Specificity of the SSIgE test for diagnosing house dust mite sensitization was 64%–95%, with the highest specificity (95%) observed for diagnosing B. tropicalis sensitization. Although the SSIgE test showed high specificity and LR+ for diagnosing cockroach allergen sensitization, it showed low sensitivity (12%). Moreover, the SSIgE test showed high specificity (89%) but low sensitivity (3%) for diagnosing dog dander sensitization and high specificity (88%) but low sensitivity (10%) for diagnosing cat dander sensitization.ConclusionThe SSIgE test using microfluidic array ELISA shows moderate accuracy for diagnosing house dust mite sensitization and low accuracy for diagnosing cockroach allergen and dog and cat dander sensitization.

Optimal cutoff values of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E to house dust mites and animal dander based on skin-prick test results: Analysis in 16,209 patients with allergic rhinitis.

The most common tests for allergen sensitization in patients with allergic rhinitis are the skin-prick test (SPT) and an in vitro test to detect serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE). However, in vitro allergen test results were interpreted dichotomically as positive or negative at a threshold of 0.35 kU/L of sIgE, regardless of the patient characteristics or antigen types. The purpose of this study was to determine the cutoff value for sIgE in house-dust mites and animal dander, and to analyze differences in cutoff value according to age and gender. A total of 16,209 patients with more than one allergic rhinitis symptom who underwent both SPT and serum sIgE testing were retrospectively evaluated between March 2008 and May 2012. There were 9374 male (57.8%) and 6835 female (42.2%) patients. The mean age was 31.8 years (range, 2-89 years). The criterion standard for allergen sensitization was defined as a wheal of >3 mm or an allergen-to-histamine ratio of ≥1 in SPT results. The Youden index was used to calculate the cutoff value of sIgE. Cutoff values of sIgE for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, cat, and dog were 0.69, 1.16, 0.13, and 0.45 kU/L, respectively. The cutoff value of sIgE changed according to age for D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae but not for cat and dog allergens. When categorizing according to age group, the cutoff values of sIgE for D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae had a tendency to decrease with age. There was no significant difference in cutoff value according to gender. The cutoff value for sIgE differed for each antigen and changed with age. Physicians should select the proper cutoff value for sIgE for appropriate criteria according to antigen and patient age rather than using a uniform cutoff value.

Different expression patterns of plasma Th1-, Th2-, Th17- and Th22-related cytokines correlate with serum autoreactivity and allergen sensitivity in chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Clinical features and basophil activation levels correlate with serum autoreactivity and allergen sensitivity in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). To explore the relationship of the expression patterns of plasma T-helper cell (Th) 1-, Th2-, Th17- and Th22-related cytokines with the serum autoreactivity and the allergen sensitivity in CSU. Twenty related cytokines were measured and analysed in 60 patients with CSU, 15 patients with acute urticaria, 10 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 15 healthy persons, respectively. Autologous serum skin testing (ASST) and skin prick testing (SPT) were performed to detect autoreactivity and allergy sensitivity, respectively. The protein-protein interaction of cytokines and the molecular pathways were analysed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and KyotoEncyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG database), respectively. Th1-/Th2- and Th17-related cytokines were significantly elevated and correlated with disease activity in CSU than in healthy controls. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-13 were significantly higher in acute urticaria than in patients with CSU. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-10 and IL-17 were significantly higher in ASST+ than in ASST- CSU patients. IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12p70 and IL-21 were significantly higher in SPT+ than in SPT- CSU patients. The plasma levels of interferon-γ, IL-2 and IL-21 varied among ASST+/SPT+, ASST+/SPT-, ASST-/SPT+ and ASST-/SPT- CSU subgroups, which appeared to involve the positive regulation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. This study indicates acute urticaria elicits a more prominent Th2 immune response than CSU. There was association between different expression patterns of plasma Th1-, Th2-, Th17- and Th22-related cytokines and serum autoreactivity or allergen sensitivity in CSU. Further studies on the JAK-STAT pathway in the pathogenesis of CSU are warranted.

Age-dependent distribution of the atopic phenotype and allergen sensitization among asthmatic children in southern Taiwan.

Asthma is divided into atopic and non-atopic phenotypes. The percentages of atopic asthma and allergen sensitization in patients of different ages have not been well studied. To determine the percentage distribution of atopic and non-atopic phenotypes in different age groups of asthmatic children, and investigate the distribution of specific IgE to different allergens when stratified by age group in southern Taiwan. We conducted this hospital-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study in southern Taiwan between 2004 and 2006. Asthmatic children aged 3 to 18 years who were diagnosed according to the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines were enrolled. The MAST-CLA system was used to detect 36 allergen-specific IgEs. A total of 620 asthmatic children were divided into three groups: preschool (3-6 years old, n=360), school-aged (7-12 years old, n=213), and adolescent (13-18 years old, n=41) children. The atopic and non-atopic phenotypes were observed in 54.8% and 45.2% of the asthmatic children, respectively. The atopic phenotype was observed in 45.6%, 65.7%, and 80.5% of the preschool, school-aged and adolescent groups, respectively. The percentages of the atopic phenotype were significantly different when stratified by age group (p<0.001), and there was a positive trend of percentage distribution. The percentages of sensitization to aeroallergens were significantly different and observed in 44.0%, 65.7%, and 80.5% of the preschool, school-aged and adolescent groups, respectively (p<0.001). There were positive trends between age groups and prevalence rates of sensitization to the main aeroallergen and other aeroallergen groups, but not to each allergen of the seafood or other food allergen group. A trend of an increasing percentage of the atopic phenotype when stratified by age group was found in asthmatic children in southern Taiwan. Aeroallergens contributed more to pediatric asthma than food allergens. The prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens increased with increasing age when stratified by age group.

A study on allergen sensitivity in patients with allergic rhinitis in Bangalore, India.

Allergic rhinitis is the most common form of non-infectious rhinitis, affecting 500 million people worldwide, with one-fifth of those affected living in the Indian subcontinent. The skin prick test is the most valuable test for detecting offending allergens, and can be helpful for patient education, allergen avoidance and immunotherapy planning. The skin prick test was performed with 49 allergens in 486 patients who presented with symptoms of allergic rhinitis, and the allergen profile was studied. Of the 486 allergic rhinitis patients, 335 (68.93 per cent) showed allergen positivity to the skin prick test. Dust mite was the most common allergen, with positive results in 44.65 per cent of cases. The most common offending allergen in our study was the dust mite. Identification of specific allergens for a particular geographical area aids patient education and enables allergen-specific immunotherapy.