All-inorganic Perovskite Research Articles

Few-Layered Black Phosphorene as Hole Transport Layer for Novel All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells.

The CsPbBr3 perovskite exhibits strong environmental stability under light, humidity, temperature, and oxygen conditions. However, in all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), interface defects between the carbon electrode and CsPbBr3 limit the carrier separation and transfer rates. We used black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets as the hole transport layer (HTL) to construct an all-inorganic carbon-based CsPbBr3 perovskite (FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/CsPbBr3/BP/C) solar cell. BP can enhance hole extraction capabilities and reduce carrier recombination by adjusting the interface contact between the perovskite and the carbon layer. Due to the coordination of the energy structure related to interface charge extraction and transfer, BP, as a new type of hole transport layer for all-inorganic CsPbBr3 solar cells, achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) that is 1.43% higher than that of all-inorganic carbon-based CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells without a hole transport layer, reaching 2.7% (Voc = 1.29 V, Jsc = 4.60 mA/cm2, FF = 48.58%). In contrast, the PCE of the all-inorganic carbon-based CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells without a hole transport layer was only 1.27% (Voc = 1.22 V, Jsc = 2.65 mA/cm2, FF = 39.51%). The unencapsulated BP-based PSCs device maintained 69% of its initial efficiency after being placed in the air for 500 h. In contrast, the efficiency of the PSC without HTL significantly decreased to only 52% of its initial efficiency. This indicates that BP can effectively enhance the PCE and stability of PSCs, demonstrating its great potential as a hole transport material in all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. BP as the HTL for CsPbBr3 PSCs can passivate the perovskite interface, enhance the hole extraction capability, and improve the optoelectronic performance of the device. The subsequent doping and compounding of the BP hole transport layer can further enhance its photovoltaic conversion efficiency in PSCs.

Single-crystal CsPbBr3-based vertical cavity surface emitting laser.

All-inorganic perovskite materials have been widely used in various devices, including lasers, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and solar cells, due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Devices utilizing high-quality single crystals are anticipated to achieve significantly enhanced performance. In this work, we present a high-performance vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) based on a single-crystal CsPbBr3 microplatelet, fabricated through a simple solution process and sandwiched between two distributed Bragg reflector (DBRs). The VCSEL demonstrated single-mode lasing at 542 nm, a low threshold of 5 µJ/cm2, and a high Q-factor of 2893. Additionally, time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements using a streak camera revealed picosecond-scale lasing dynamics. This study offers a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach for realizing laser devices using perovskite single-crystal microplatelets.

First-principles study on electronic and optical properties of perovskite light-emitting diodes CsPb(Br1− xIx)3

CsPb(Br1−xIx)3, a mixed-halide all-inorganic perovskite, is a promising light-emitting diode (LED) material due to its impressive performance. It has been demonstrated that the mixing parameter x of halogen composition significantly influences the luminescence efficiency of CsPb(Br1−xIx)3. However, the underlying microscopic mechanisms remain unclear. Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the effects of anion mixing on the radiative and non-radiative recombination properties of perovskite materials. Simulations on the carrier mobility, exciton binding energy, affinity energy, and defect formation energy of the materials in the CsPb(Br1−xIx)3 system collaboratively revealed that a high ratio off Br is associated with enhanced luminescence efficiency. Specifically, CsPb(Br1−xIx)3 exhibits optimal luminescent performance with a 2:1 bromine-to-iodine ratio, while it shows the performance degradation with a 1:1 ratio. The results demonstrate that the ratio of halogen atoms (Br and I) has a significant influence on the LED properties of cesium-based all-inorganic perovskites CsPb(Br1−xIx)3, providing a valuable guide for the experimental preparation of cesium-based all-inorganic perovskites.

Boosting charge transfer with MoS2-grafted MXene interlayers for high-efficiency all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells with an ultrahigh voltage of 1.701 V

Two-dimensional MXene nanoflakes grafted with MoS2 QDs are used as multifunctional interlayers at the perovskite/carbon interface in all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells, achieving a 10.70% efficiency with an ultrahigh Voc of 1.701 V.

Electronic structure of CsPbBr3 with isovalent doping and divacancies: the smallest metal Pb cluster

This study proves the existence of bromine vacancies cluster in pairs and the ease formation of Cl and I substituted dopants in CsPbBr3, which provides critical insight into complex defects in all-inorganic metal halide perovskites.

Performance Analysis of Hydrogenated Cs2AgBiBr6 Perovskite Solar Cells under White LED Illumination

The emergence of lead-free double perovskites has sparked considerable concern due to their decreased toxicity and enhanced stability. Among these, Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite has garnered attention as promising contenders for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Herein, we introduce the design and simulation of all-inorganic lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under the influence of white light emitting diode (WLED) lighting conditions. The preliminary calibrated cell is centered on experimental findings wherein the Cs2AgBiBr6 layer is treated with hydrogenation. Through the application of such a technique, the bandgap of Cs2AgBiBr6 films can be engineered. We investigate three different bandgap values (2.18, 1.91, and 1.64eV) and assess the performance of the constituted PSCs under the effect of WLED illumination for various color temperatures. Key parameters significantly impacting cell performance are identified and comprehensively analyzed to boost the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Key technological parameters, including conduction band offsets, thickness and defects, are adjusted in order to optimize cell performance. For Eg = 1.64eV, which shows the maximum efficiency among the other cases, the efficiency increases from 15.61% for the initial designed cell to about 41% after optimization at a color temperature of 2900K and 200lx. All simulation endeavors are performed employing the device simulator, SCAPS, ensuring accurate and reliable predictions. The present study unveils the potential of Cs2AgBiBr6 double PSCs to be used in indoor applications.

Enhancement of all-inorganic perovskite solar cell performance through the addition of CuI as a hole transport layer additive

Abstract The transport layer is one of the main factors affecting the stability and efficiency of all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It is still difficult to produce an HTL with the required properties using the present production methods. Based on the solubility, a new porous transport layer of CuI doped on the surface of inorganic perovskite is proposed. CuI inclusion promotes an energy level alignment that reduces ionic loss, inhibits charge carrier recombination, and improves hole extraction efficiency. CuI addition corrects surface imperfections of the perovskite and avoids defects caused by Spiro-OMeTAD pinholes, leading to excellent hole extraction performance and fast hole mobility rates. Due to this adjustment, power conversion efficiency (PCE) is improved by 26%, resulting in an optimized PCE of 12.39%. The filling factor and the short circuit current density (J sc) were increased to 17.93 mA cm−2 and 0.71, respectively. In addition, the stability of CuI is improved due to the barrier effect of inorganic Cul on air and water entering the perovskite layer. The results show that CuI doped hole transport layer film is a promising method to realize high performance and air-stable PSC.

Surface passivation strategies for CsPbBr3 quantum dots aiming at nonradiative suppression and enhancement of electroluminescent light-emitting diodes.

With many fascinating characteristics, such as color-tunability, narrow-band emission, and low-cost solution processability, all-inorganic lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have attracted keen attention for electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) and display applications. However, the performance of perovskite QLED devices is intrinsically limited by the inefficient electrical carrier transport capacity. Herein, one facile but effective method is proposed to enhance the perovskite QLED performance by incorporating a short carbon chain ligand of 2-phenethylammonium bromide (PEABr) to passivate the CsPbBr3 QD surface. With the PEABr ligand, the Br- vacancies are passivated, which could eliminate nonradiative recombination of perovskite QDs; thus their optical properties are enhanced. Meanwhile, PEABr can interact with perovskite QDs to adjust the perovskite film morphology, resulting in low current leakage and efficient electron injection. After the PEABr treatment, the CsPbBr3 QD film exhibits strong green emission located at 516 nm, with an average photoluminescence lifetime of 45.71 ns and a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 78.64%. In addition, the surface roughness of the CsPbBr3 QD film is reduced from 3.61 nm to 1.38 nm, which is essential to prepare a QD film with high surface coverage. As a result, the QLED device with PEABr treated CsPbBr3 QDs exhibits a maximum current efficiency of 32.69 cd A-1 corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 9.67%, 3.88-fold higher than that of the control device (pure QDs as an emission layer). This research provides an effective strategy for the improvement of the perovskite QLED performance and may be helpful for extending their actual applications.

All-Inorganic Perovskite Quantum-Dot Optical Neuromorphic Synapses for Near-Sensor Colored Image Recognition.

As the demand for the neuromorphic vision system in image recognition experiences rapid growth, it is imperative to develop advanced architectures capable of processing perceived data proximal to sensory terminals. This approach aims to reduce data movement between sensory and computing units, minimizing the need for data transfer and conversion at the sensor-processor interface. Here, an optical neuromorphic synaptic (ONS) device is demonstrated by homogeneously integrating optical-sensing and synaptic functionalities into a unified material platform, constructed exclusively by all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs). The dual functionality of each unit within the ONS device, which can be operated as either an optical sensor or a synaptic device depending on applied electrical polarity, provides significant advantages over previous heterogeneous integration methods, particularly regarding material selection, structural compatibility, and devicefabrication complexity. The ONS device exhibits distinct wavelength responses essential for emulating colored image recognition capability inherent in the human visual system. Additionally, the seamless integration of electronics and photonics within a unified material system establishes a novel paradigm for optical retrieval, enabling real-time perception of the encoded status of the ONS device. These findings represent substantial advancements in near-sensor computing platforms and open a new horizon for all-inorganic perovskite optoelectronic technologies.

Enhanced afterglow blue emissions from atomically confined excitons in Pb(II)-doped cadmium-based metal halides

All-inorganic metal halide perovskites possess significant potentiality in lighting, bioimaging, and optical anti-counterfeiting due to their exceptional and unique properties. However, the exploration of efficient, robustly stable, and long-persistent luminescent blue light-emitting materials poses huge challenges, especially in understanding their electronic structure and photophysical processes. In this work, high-purity Pb2+-doped CsCdCl3 crystals were synthesized using a straightforward hydrothermal method. Parts of Pb2+ ions replaced partial Cd2+ sites in the face-sharing octahedra and formed atomically confined excitons around the Pb(II) octahedra. This exciton could emit blue light (423 nm) at room temperature with an enhanced radiation transition probability at a nearly 90% quantum yield. The incorporation of Pb2+ and confined exciton formation not only shifted the emission color region from weak orange to strong blue but also exhibited intrinsic afterglow behavior as CsCdCl3 perovskite. The Raman spectra and TL spectra indicated their polaronic states corresponding to the A1g 244 cm−1 phonon mode coupling to electron, which dominated their afterglow processes in undoped and doped CsCdCl3. These findings could not only facilitate the understanding of atomically confined excitons around dopant ions as dominant emission centers to tune emission color in halide semiconductors, unveiling the nature of afterglow phenomena in this halide material, but could also find unique applications in optical devices.

Selective Photocatalytic C─H Oxidation Using All-Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots Encapsulated in UiO-Series MOFs.

All-inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) are successfully incorporated within the cages of zirconium-based UiO-series metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using in situ ship-in-a-bottle method at room temperature under ambient conditions. The resulting mBPP-MOF, which includes the 4,4'-(2,2'-bipyridyl-5,5'-diyl)dibenzoic acid (H2BPP) linker, features a larger cavity size than UiO-66 and UiO-67-bpy, allowing for uniform accommodation of PeQDs within its cages. This PeQDs@MOF hybrid heterostructure enhances the separation and transfer of photogenerated charges, enabling the synthesized CsPbBr3@mBPP-MOF to demonstrate highly selective and stable performance in the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene under visible light irradiation at 395nm. This advancement represents a potential breakthrough in organic photocatalysis due to the material's low cost, ease of processing, high efficiency, and tunable bandgap.

A-Site Ion Doping in Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite Films for Improved Optical and Photodetector Performance

Perovskite materials, as emerging semiconductors, have attracted significant attention for their exceptional optoelectronic properties, tunable bandgaps, ease of fabrication, and cost-effectiveness, making them promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic devices. The all-inorganic perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 distinguishes itself from other perovskite materials due to its remarkable optical absorption and emission properties, excellent stability, prolonged carrier recombination lifetime, and nontoxic characteristics. However, a deeper understanding of its unique luminescent properties and a further optimization of its structure and performance are still necessary. This study systematically investigates the optimization of Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite films through A-site Na+ doping. At an optimal Na+ doping concentration of 3.5% (Na0.07Cs1.93AgBiBr6), the film shows 1.4 times and 2.7 times enhancement in light absorption and photoluminescence intensity, compared to the undoped film. Low-temperature spectroscopy measurements indicate that Na0.07Cs1.93AgBiBr6 exhibits higher exciton binding energy and phonon energy. Based on Na0.07Cs1.93AgBiBr6, the photodetectors demonstrate significant performance improvements, with a high photocurrent response of 10−2 A, a photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR) of 7.57 × 104, a responsivity (R) of 16.23 A/W, a detectivity (D*) of 2.92 × 1012 Jones, a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 98.75 dB, and a fast response time of 943 ms. This work provides a promising strategy for optimizing all-inorganic perovskite materials through doping and offers guidance for enhancing high-performance photodetectors.

Multifunctional Conjugated Polyphenol "Bridge" Capped the Upper Interface of Highly Efficient and Stable Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated in Air.

Carbon-based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) are promising alternatives compared with conventional organic-inorganic halide PSCs because of their good thermal stability. However, low carrier transport efficiency and energy level mismatch of the upper interface of the device limit the further improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE), and all-inorganic perovskites are extremely sensitive to oxygen and humidity, which seriously damages the long-term stability of the device. Upper interface modification is an effective solution to improve the PCE and the stability of devices. Unfortunately, many traditional interface modifiers exhibit insulated and hygroscopic characteristics, which may be harmful to the performance of the device. Herein, a multifunctional conjugated polyphenol "bridge" strategy was adopted on the upper interface of the device fabricated in air, that is, stilbene and polyhydroxy stilbene were capped on perovskite. The results demonstrate that they can effectively enhance the energy level alignment, improve charge transport, passivate defects, suppress nonradiative recombination of interface, and resist oxygen and moisture in air, and the positive effects of modification become more and more pronounced with the increment of the number of hydroxyl groups. The PCE of PSCs was improved from 11.10 to 13.10% after modification. In addition, the unencapsulated modified devices exhibited better stability than the control devices under different environmental conditions.

Low temperature processing of hole transport layer-free CsPbI2Br solar cells assisted by SAM co-deposition

The development of inverted all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is limited by the high processing temperature and poor film coverage of self-assembled molecule (SAM) hole transport layer (HTL). In this work, the hot-air-assisted annealing method was utilized to prepare CsPbI2Br films at low temperature in an ambient environment. The SAM called 2–(3,6-dimethoxycarbazol-9-yl) ethyl phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) is added into the CsPbI2Br precursor to spontaneously form MeO-2PACz dipole layer and perovskite light absorber. The MeO-2PACz with abundant phosphate groups modulated the uncoordinated lead at the perovskite's grain boundaries via forming –P–O–Pb and –P=O–Pb bonds, which improves the crystallinity and reduces trap density of perovskite film. Furthermore, the spontaneously formed MeO-2PACz dipole layer on the ITO substrate during the perovskite film processing enhanced hole transport efficiency and reduced non-radiative recombination loss at the ITO/CsPbI2Br interface. As a result, the p-i-n HTL-free inorganic CsPbI2Br PSCs with MeO-2PACz additive achieved a power conversion efficiency of 12.92%, which is significantly higher than the reference PSCs (6.55%). This work provides an easy and efficient way to prepare efficient HTL-free all-inorganic PSCs at low temperature in an ambient environment with MeO-2PACz SAM additive.

High-Performance All-Inorganic Perovskite Tandem Photodetectors With Bi2TeO6 Layer Enabled by Enhanced Dual Pyro-Phototronic Effect for Triple-Encryption Imaging Sensing System with Programmable Logic Gate.

As the focus on information security continues to intensify, encrypted imaging sensing technology becomes increasingly indispensable. However, the widespread application of encrypted imaging sensing technology is hindered by high manufacturing costs and complex system construction. Herein, an all-inorganic perovskite/perovskite tandem self-powered photodetector (PDs) is reported, incorporated with Bi2TeO6 layer to enahnce dual pyro-phototronic effect, to realize an innovated encryption imaging sensing system with programmable logic gate. The PDs reach responsivity of 1.46 A W-1 and detectivity of 3.44 × 1013 Jones, the corresponding EQE reaches 342%, which is ≈75.48 times greater than that without pyro-phototronic effect. The outstanding performance resulting from dual pyro-phototronic effect in Cs2PbI2Cl2 perovskite and Bi2TeO6/CsSn0.5Pb0.5IBr2 interface, and optimizing band arrangement from the oxidized Bi2TeO6 layer. The photovoltaic and pyro-phototronic signal of PDs can still be clearly distinguished under 8 kHz pulsed laser. More importantly, the encryption imaging sensing system achieves simultaneous outputs of triple image information, and their programmable optoelectronic logic gate can executesix distinct logical functions, including "OR", "AND", "XOR", "NAND", "NOR" and "XNOR". This research not only provides a feasible strategy for realizing the outstanding pyro-phototronic effect of all-inorganic perovskite materials, but also presents novel insights for designingencrypted imaging sensing technology.

Numerical optimization of all-inorganic CsSnBr3 perovskite solar cells: the observation of 27% power conversion efficiency

Abstract In this research, we employed SCAPS-1D simulation software to numerically optimize the performance of four CsSnBr3-based perovskite solar cell structures. Specifically, we analyzed the FTO/ZnO/CsSnBr3/rGO/Se, FTO/AlZnO/CsSnBr3/rGO/Se, FTO/LiTiO2/CsSnBr3/rGO/Se, and FTO/WS2/CsSnBr3/rGO/Se configurations. The optimization process focused on adjusting the thicknesses of the electron transport layer, hole transport layer, and perovskite layer, while also evaluating the effects of temperature, series resistance, and shunt resistance on the Jsc, Voc, FF, and PCE. As a result, we achieved PCE of 26.92%, 26.89%, 26.89%, and 26.91% for the FTO/AlZnO, FTO/ZnO, FTO/LiTiO2, and FTO/WS2-based structures, respectively. Furthermore, the PCE obtained for all CsSnBr3-based perovskite solar cell structures outperformed the recently reported ITO/WS2/CsSnBr3/Cu2O/Au perovskite solar cell, which exhibited the highest PCE in the literature, by nearly 5%.

Enhanced Performance and Stability of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using Trioctylphosphine Oxide Additive.

This study investigates the application of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) as an additive to enhance the performance of all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The addition of TOPO and TPPO passivates surface defects, increases grain size, and reduces surface trap states, leading to better light absorption and accelerated carrier transport. These modifications lead to an optimized energy level distribution, resulting in a significant increase in power conversion efficiency from 5.14 to 9.21% with TOPO and from 5.14% to 7.28% with TPPO. Furthermore, the long alkyl chains in TOPO provide effective isolation from air and water, significantly enhancing device stability for over 2400 h without packaging. The findings demonstrate that oxygen phosphine additives with long alkane chains are more effective in improving PSCs than those with aromatic hydrocarbons, offering new insights for the use of passivators in perovskite solar cells.

Real-time three-dimensional monitoring and analysis of perovskite solar cell using short wavelength infrared digital holography

The quality and crystallization process of all-inorganic perovskite films play a crucial role in the performance of solar cells. However, traditional detection methods lack three-dimensional depth information and real-time capabilities, hindered by strong visible light absorption, posing challenges to research. Here, a simple digital holography technique is proposed that offers real-time, nondestructive, three-dimensional phase imaging with low absorption characteristics in the short-wave infrared range. The use of short-wave infrared reduces the negative impact of visible light and vibrations in the environment on detection accuracy, while being nearly non-absorbing. The proposed method operates at a speed of 15 Hz, combining a lensless vertical structure, holographic reconstruction algorithm, and phase unwrapping algorithm to achieve real-time three-dimensional observation without image distortion and with low noise of the crystallization process of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs)/ethylene-vinyl acetate solution, which crystallizes in 39 s. Subsequently, employing minimum bounding rectangle, field stitching, intensity registration, and sub-pixel level calibration algorithms, real-time characterization is performed on the large-sized droplet of polymethyl methacrylate-matrix-encapsulated CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots, which has a crystallization time of 1285 s, without being limited by the field of view. Finally, using this system, the surface quality of the film is assessed, revealing fluctuations at the edge and fabrication defects of the perovskite film. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of short-wave infrared digital holography in enhancing the film formation process and quality inspection. By leveraging this technology, advancements in the development of high-performance all-inorganic perovskite solar cells can be fostered, optimizing global energy output.

Water-soluble CsPbBr3@SiO2 nanocomposite: Enhancing stability in aqueous environments

CsPbBr3 all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals have significant applications due to their unique photoluminescence properties. However, their poor stability and easy decomposition in water significantly limit their practical applications. Encapsulating cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) within a stable shell has been proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing their stability. However, traditional methods of coating PQDs via direct hydrolysis of silicon source often result in particle aggregation or alterations in the original morphology and optical properties of the PQDs. In this study, we employed maleic anhydride to trigger the transformation of Cs4PbBr6 into CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs). Simultaneously, maleic anhydride reacts with surface oleylamine (OAm) ligands to form maleic acid, which replaces the conventional oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine as ligands and surfactants. A uniform CsPbBr3@SiO2 nanocomposite was obtained, with a core size of approximately 9 nm and a shell thickness of about 15 nm. The absorption peak was located at 520 nm, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of around 25 nm. After one hour of dispersion in water, the water-soluble CsPbBr3@SiO2 nanocomposite maintained a high level of luminescence, with a photoluminescence (PL) loss of only 30.1 %. This approach enhances the affinity between PQDs and SiO2, improving the encapsulation efficiency of individual nanocrystals. This method not only prevents excessive hydrolysis and particle aggregation but also significantly enhances the water stability of CsPbBr3.

Durable all-inorganic perovskite tandem photovoltaics.

All-inorganic perovskites prepared by substituting the organic cations (for example, methylammonium and formamidinium) with inorganic cations (for example, Cs+) are effective concepts to enhance the long-term photostability and thermal stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs)1,2. Hence, inorganic perovskite tandem solar cells (IPTSCs) are promising candidates for breaking the efficiency bottleneck and addressing the stability issue, too3,4. However, challenges remain in fabricating two-terminal (2T) IPTSCs due to the inferior film formation and deep trap states induced by tin cations5-7. Here a ligand evolution (LE) strategy with p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (PTSH) is used to regulate film formation and eliminate deep traps in inorganic narrow-bandgap (NBG) perovskites, enabling the successful development of 2T IPTSCs. Accordingly, the 1.31 eV CsPb0.4Sn0.6I3:LE device delivers a record efficiency of 17.41%. Combined with the 1.92 eV CsPbI2Br top cell, 2T IPTSCs exhibit a champion efficiency of 22.57% (certified, 21.92%). Moreover, IPTSCs are engineered to deliver remarkable durability under maximum power point (MPP) tracking, maintaining 80% of their initial efficiency at 65 °C for 1,510 h and at 85 °C for 800 h. We elucidate that LE deliberately leverages multiple roles for inorganic NBG perovskite growth and anticipate that our study provides an insightful guideline for developing high-efficiency and stable IPTSCs.