Alkyl Polyglucoside Surfactant Research Articles

Optimal integrated plant for renewable surfactants production from manure and CO2

An integrated facility to produce surfactants from manure and CO2 is conceptually designed avoiding the use of external chemicals. Cow and pig manure is anaerobically digested to produce biogas and digestate. The biogas is used to produce hydrogen via reforming. The digestate provides the nutrients for algae growing. From the algae, lipids and starch are extracted and broken down to produce oil, and glucose. Finally, the alkyl polyglucoside surfactant (APG) is produced from hydrogenated oil and glucose. The yield of the facility reaches 0.08 kgAPG/kgmanure (0.47 kgAPG/kgalgae). A facility of 252 kt/yr of APG, consumes 17.7 MW of thermal energy and steam and 7.9 MW of electricity, capturing 788 kt/yr of CO2. The investment adds up to 196 M€ with a production cost of 0.17€/kgAPG. A scale down study is also developed. Current market price of APG can be achieved processing the waste of over 1.4 k cows and 11.4 k pigs.

Phase diagrams and property of colloidal systems prepared with an alkyl polyglucoside surfactant and the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree)

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to develop the colloidal formulation, based on microemulsions and hydrogels, of Melaleuca alternifolia oil (aka tea tree oil, TTO) using a sustainable and biocompatible alkyl polyglucoside (APG) surfactant, Glucopon 600 CSUP (G600), commonly formulated for personal-care and home-care products. MethodsThe pseudo-ternary phase diagram of TTO-mixed surfactant-water was established with the water titration method at 25 °C. The mixed surfactants were composed of G600 and propylene glycol (PPG) as a co-surfactant at G600/PPG = 1/1, 2/1 and 3/1 (m/m). Colloid samples of one phase were further characterized with rheological measurements and dynamic light scattering (DLS) at 25 °C. Significant findingsThe samples containing TTO/mixed surfactant = 1/9 (m/m) and water show single phase only. With increasing water contents, the aforesaid system changed from Newtonian to pseudo-plastic, reflecting the transition from micellar solution / microemulsion to hydrogel. Especially, the gel-like behavior was confirmed with the dynamic oscillatory measurements, in which storage moduli were always larger than loss moduli at any time and any frequency under a constant strain of 0.5 %. Microemulsions made of 1 wt% tea tree oil and 9 wt% mixed surfactants were stable for > 1 month as monitored by aggregate size by DLS.

Surface Control Behavior toward Crystal Regulation and Anticorrosion Capacity for Zinc Metal Anodes

The commercial application of high-safety aqueous zinc (Zn) secondary batteries is hindered by the poor cycling life of Zn metal anodes. Here we propose a dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution corrosion reaction mechanism from the binding energy of the deposited crystal plane on the Zn surface and the adsorption energy of H2O molecules on different crystal planes as well as the binding energy of H2O molecules with Zn2+ ions. The biomass-based alkyl polyglucoside (APG) surfactant is adopted as an electrolyte additive of 0.15% to regulate the preferential growth of a parallel Zn(002) plane and enhance the anticorrosion ability of Zn metal anodes. The robust binding and adsorption energies of APG with Zn2+ ions in the aqueous electrolyte and the Zn(002) plane on Zn surface generate a synergistic effect to increase the concentration of Zn2+ ions on the APG-adsorbed Zn(002) plane, endowing the continuous growth of the preferential parallel Zn(002) plane and the excellent anticorrosion capacity. Accordingly, the long-term cycle stability of 4000 h can be achieved for Zn anodes with APG additives, which is better than that with pure ZnSO4 electrolyte. With the addition of APG in the anolyte electrolyte, Zn-I2 full cells display excellent cycling performance (70 mAh g-1 after 20000 cycles) as compared with that without APG additives.

Experimental evaluation of non-ionic mixed surfactant formulations at high-temperature and high-salinity conditions

Non-ionic alkyl polyglucoside (APG) surfactants have been considered as eco-friendly, nontoxic and biodegradable surfactants. This study investigated the feasibility and advantages of new formulations for mixed surfactants consisting of a commerical APG product and one of the following alkyl amines (AAs) – dodecylamine (C12A), tetradecylamine (C14A), hexadecylamine (C16A), and octadecylamine (C18A) for improved oil production applications in carbonate reservoirs under high-temperature and high-salinity (HTHS) conditions. The physicochemical properties including compatibility, surface tension, interfacial tension (IFT), static adsorption, wettability alteration of the solutions comprising APG and various AA under HTHS conditions were evaluated. The self-assemble behavior of molecules between APG and C12A was characterized based on the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The formulations with an ultra-low IFT were introduced and the mechanisms resulting in such ultra-low IFT were further studied and discussed. The yielded APG/AA formulation was injected as the chemical flooding agent into a micromodel to investigate the efficiency of oil displacement. Commercial APG products exhibited excellent compatibility with the simulated injection water at reservoir temperature. After mixed with AA, the APG solution became hazy or phase separated above a critical concentration (Ccrit) of AA. Ccrit was found to decrease with an increase of the hydrocarbon chain, suggesting that more APG surfactants are required to solubilize the AA with longer alkyl hydrocarbon chain. In the presence of AA, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of APG surfactant significantly reduced due to the formation of a compact micellar structure. APG yielded a low IFT at 90 °C and a concentration of 2 g/L in the order of 10−2 mN/m, while an ultra-low IFT in the order of 10−3 mN/m was obtained upon addition of a small amount (0.3–0.5 g/L) of C12A. SEM images and proposed IFT reduction mechanisms indicated that APG and C12A synergistically generated a more compact structure via hydrophobic interaction between the hydrophobic moieties and hydrogen bonding between the hydrophilic parts of the chemicals comparing the aggregated structure formed by APG alone, such effect could eventually lead to a decrease in IFT between oil and water. The amounts of chemical adsorption and contact angle of an oil droplet on carbonate cores were not affected upon addition of AA. The micromodel test showed that the produced oil by injection of the designed APG/AA formulations was further enhanced after water flooding. Among the formulations, APG/C12A flooding resulted in a highest effectiveness on oil displacement with a cumulative oil production of 78.7% at the end of injections. To sum up, new APG/AA-based formulations were designed with an ultra-low IFT resulting from a much compact amphiphilic structure along oil-water interface. This study shows a great potential of APG surfactant and the related formulations in improving oil production for HTHS carbonate reservoirs.

Impact of oil and wettability on foam-assisted conformance control in a Middle Eastern carbonate reservoir

Gas injection has been evaluated and implemented in the large carbonate oil field located offshore Qatar as water alternating gas or WAG. It has been seen that WAG is economically viable and a robust enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method for homogenous formations. However, using WAG in heterogeneous parts of the field has not been attempted due to issues like early gas breakthrough and unfavourable sweep efficiency. Hence, it was decided to design a foam-assisted WAG system that can provide the required conformance control to mitigate those issues and expand the use of WAG. A complete laboratory programme was carried out to screen the best foaming surfactant formulation that resulted in the selection of environmentally friendly, Alkyl polyglucoside (APG) surfactant. Surfactant testing involved foamability in porous media under oil-wet and water-wet conditions in presence of residual oil to gas flood. The chosen surfactant showed good foam strength in both cases with effective mobility reduction factors (MRF) above 20. The impact of mobile oil was also observed by co-injecting oil during linear core flood experiments, which clearly showed that good foam strength could be achieved in a lower flow fraction of mobile oil with foam. Additionally, boosting of foam strength using amphoteric Lauryl Betaine (LB) surfactant was also performed. The formulation with APG/LB (70%/30%) gives foam boosting of 2.5 times compared to foam strength using APG alone. Additionally, it was shown that altering wettability using a nonionic Tergitol surfactant (TGT-1) as pre-flush and then injecting APG-5 surfactant and methane resulted in foam strength, which is 1.5 times higher than observed in oil-wet conditions.

Probing the Effect of Wettability on Transport Behavior of Foam for Enhanced Oil Recovery in a Carbonate Reservoir

Foam for enhanced oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs is generally challenging because the oil-wet formation is not favorable for generating and stabilizing the lamellae. With an alkyl-polyglucoside surfactant, a series of foam core flooding experiments both in the absence and in the presence of crude oil were performed on Estaillades limestone, a dual porosity and heterogeneous carbonate presenting reasonable similarities with the reservoir formation. The effects of wettability, surfactant concentration, and foam quality on foam strength were systematically investigated. It is found that the foam strength in the presence of oil is generally smaller than that in the absence of oil, and the foam strength in the oil-wet condition is typically lower than that in the water-wet condition. However, for the water-wet condition, the foam strength can be greatly improved by increasing the surfactant concentration, which is getting closer to that in the absence of crude oil at a sufficiently high surfactant concentration. The combined effect of a high remaining oil saturation and the disadvantageous wettability can further destabilize foam, thereby greatly reducing the foam strength at oil-wet conditions. As a result, the foam flooding under the water-wet condition outperforms that at the oil-wet condition. Furthermore, it is found that the foam behavior at a high gas fraction is more sensitive to the wettability of rock and the foam hysteresis effect.

Synthesis and characterization of alkyl polyglucoside surfactant: A pilot tool to industrial applications

In this study, alkyl polyglucoside surfactant was synthesized and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined. The synthesized product was quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The CMC of the surfactant was evaluated using UV-visible Spectrophotometer. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value was obtained from the sharp break in the plot of absorbance measurements versus surfactant concentration. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant was found to be 0.50 mol/dm3. This result showed a precise value for the CMC of non-ionic surfactant; since the value of the CMC obtained was lower than the stock solution of the surfactant prepared. The standard change in Gibbs free energy of the micelle (ΔGoCMC) showed that the process was feasible and spontaneous having the value of − 1.716 kJ/mol. This study recommends that akyl polyglucoside should be widely used for both domestic and industrial processes in view of the environmentally friendly nature, which are safe to use partially.

Development of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract Emulsion Formulations in Controlling Gray Mold Disease on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Postharvest fruits including tomatoes are commonly infected by gray mold disease resulting in significant economic losses in the fruit industry. Therefore, this study aimed to develop botanical fungicide derived from Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract to control gray mold on tomato. The emulsion formulation containing surfactant, oil carrier and water was optimized at different non-ionic alkyl polyglucoside surfactants through eleven combinations of oil to surfactant ratio (0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, 9:1 and 10:0 w/w). From eight selected formulations, two formulations, F5 and F7 showed stable in storage, remarkable thermodynamic stability, smaller particle size (66.44 and 139.63 nm), highly stable in zeta potential (−32.70 and −31.70 mV), low in polydispersity index (0.41 and 0.40 PdI), low in viscosity (4.20 and 4.37 cP) and low in surface tension (27.62 and 26.41 mN/m) as compared to other formulations. In situ antifungal activity on tomato fruits showed F5 formulation had a fungicidal activity against B. cinerea with zero disease incidence and severity, whereas F7 formulation reduced 62.5% disease incidence compared to a positive control with scale 1. Based on these findings, F5 formulation exhibited pronounced antifungal activity and may contribute to the development of new and safe antifungal product against gray mold on tomato.

Alkyl polyglucoside-based adapalene-loaded microemulsions for targeted dermal delivery: Structure, stability and comparative biopharmaceutical characterization with a conventional dosage form

Aiming to develop biocompatible microemulsions based on natural alkyl polyglucoside surfactant as prospective carriers for improved dermal delivery of adapalene, phase behavior and microstructure of pseudo-ternary oil/decyl glucoside/propylene glycol/water systems were evaluated. The chosen inverted bicontinuous formulations did not change their microstructure upon drug incorporation and remained stable during 1-year period. Preliminary in vivo assessment of skin performances suggested satisfying safety profiles of placebo microemulsions, in spite of considerable changes in skin hydration and barrier function. Interestingly, despite lower in vitro drug release, the amount of adapalene penetrated into porcine skin under infinite dosing regime was higher from microemulsions than from commercial drug product, reaching dermal retention enhancement ratio of 5.9. However, by changing experimental conditions to the more realistic in-use situation, the amount of adapalene extracted from the stratum corneum was comparable for microemulsions and marketed product. Similarly, the drug deposition in hair follicles was slightly pronounced with novel microemulsion vehicles (183.30 ± 156.32 ng/cm2 and 167.39 ± 108.96 ng/cm2 vs. 157.00 ± 114.91 ng/cm2), highlighting the importance of proper selection of experimental conditions when assessing trans(dermal) drug delivery. Consequently, our results suggest that alkyl polyglucoside based microemulsions are promising vehicles worth exploring further for targeted intraderdermal delivery of adapalene in acne treatment.

Spontaneous Emulsification via Once Bottom-Up Cycle for the Crude Oil in Low-Permeability Reservoirs

The formulation and mechanism of a hybrid ultralow interfacial tension spontaneous emulsification (SE) system consisting of alkyl polyglucoside surfactant and low-concentration alkali were investigated to enhance oil recovery for low-permeability reservoirs. Multiple-light scattering was used to characterize the stability and demulsification process of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The emulsions were evaluated in terms of droplet size distribution, ζ potential, and three-phase rheological property. The average droplet size of the optimum SE O/W emulsion is about 0.2 μm, which is smaller than the average diameter of the low-permeability throats (0.2–4.0 μm). The coalescence and floatation of emulsion droplets are well-deferred. The oscillation–shear–oscillation rheological property could be further improved with the presence of the optimum system. This can be attributed to the synergistic effect of surfactants and alkali, which enables the formation of a more tight arrangement film of surfactants at the oi...

Research on Primary Biodegradation of Alkyl Ethoxy Glucoside

AbstractThis investigation was performed to determine the anaerobic biodegradation of alkyl ethoxy glucoside (AEG) nonionic surfactants using the OECD 311 method. The influence of different initial concentrations of AEG on the primary biodegradation rate was investigated using the anthrone analysis method. The results show that different initial concentrations have similar good biodegradability and the biodegradation rate can reach more than 90 % even at the highest initial concentration of 100 mg/l. Alkyl polyglucoside (APG) surfactants have previously been confirmed as readily biodegradable. The profile of concentration changes over the incubation time of AEG and APG had similar trends. Therefore, AEG are also considered as readily biodegradable. The gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer analytical method was used to identify the metabolites. The content of alcohol ethoxylate (AEO) increased with decrease in the number of AEG at the initial stage of degradation. It was found that AEO with longer EO chains disappeared first. Accordingly, a degradation pathway that accounts for the experiment results was proposed.

Feasibility of a Natural Surfactant as a Stabilizer for Cosmetics with Liposome-Encapsulated Plant Stem Cells: Pre-Formulation and Formulation Through Stability Studies

Abstract During the formulation of liposome-containing products different problems can occur and the selection of a suitable carrier remains the greatest challenge. To estimate feasibility of a novel alkyl polyglucoside surfactant (hydroxystearyl alcohol and hydroxystearyl glucoside) as an emulsifier for cosmetics with liposome-encapsulated plant stem cells, we performed a two-phase study. In the first, the pre-formulation phase, the emulsifier's critical micelle concentration (CMC) and liposome-encapsulated active-emulsifier interactions were determined. The second phase was carried out to develop and characterize a cosmetic emulsion suitable to serve as a carrier for liposomes. The investigated emulsifier, with the obtained CMC value of 0.0085 wt.%, could be classified as liposome-friendly and can be used to develop stable and aesthetically acceptable cosmetics or even prospective pharmaceutical liposome-containing emulsions.

Hot foam for weed control—Do alkyl polyglucoside surfactants used as foaming agents affect the mobility of organic contaminants in soil?

Use of alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) as a foaming agent during hot water weed control may influence the environmental fate of organic contaminants in soil. We studied the effects of the APG-based foaming agent NCC Spuma (C8-C10) on leaching of diuron, glyphosate, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sand columns. We also examined how APG concentration affected the apparent water solubility and adsorption of the herbicides and of the PAHs acenaphthene, acenaphthylene and fluorene. Application of APGs at the recommended concentration of 0.3% did not significantly affect leaching of any of the compounds studied. However, at a concentration of 1.5%, leaching of both diuron and glyphosate was significantly increased. The increased leaching corresponded to an increase in apparent water solubility of diuron and a decrease in glyphosate adsorption to the sand. However, APG addition did not significantly affect the mobility of PAHs even though their apparent water solubility was increased. These results suggest that application of APG-based foam during hot water weed control does not significantly affect the mobility of organic contaminants in soil if used according to recommendations. Moreover, they suggest that APGs could be useful for soil bioremediation purposes if higher concentrations are used.

A greenHibiscus cannabinusoil emollient cream for potential topical applications

A green emollient cream with Hibiscus cannabinus seed oil and an alkyl polyglucoside surfactant has been formulated. It can serve as biological alternatives to synthetic formulations that normally incorporate chemical constituents as surfactants and stabilizers mainly to increase consumer compliance in terms of textural and visual aesthetics. FAME analysis of the oil showed the presence octanoic and decanoic acids. The cream after formulation and ultrasonication, presented a smooth and soft appearance with visual and textural appeal. It showed a mean particle size of 138 nm with a zeta potential of -59.2 mV and an electrophoretic mobility of 0.000459 cm2/Vs. Its SEM image projected well dispersed oil globules in water. FTIR spectrum showed extensive hydrogen bonding. Accelerated stability tests under conditions of freeze thawing, heating cooling and centrifugation revealed no cracking, creaming or phase separation. Similar results were observed during the shelf life studies. It is concluded that this Hibiscus cannabinus cream can be utilized as an emollient base for loading cosmopharmaceutic ingredients for their topical delivery, without any toxicity concerns, as it is formulated from completely natural constituents.

Usnea barbata CO2-supercritical extract in alkyl polyglucoside-based emulsion system: contribution of Confocal Raman imaging to the formulation development of a natural product

Topical treatment of skin infections is often limited by drawbacks related to both antimicrobial agents and their vehicles. In addition, considering the growing promotion of natural therapeutic products, our objective was to develop and evaluate naturally-based emulsion system, as prospective topical formulation for skin infections-treatment. Therefore, alkyl polyglucoside surfactants were used for stabilization of a vehicle serving as potential carrier for supercritical CO2-extract of Usnea barbata, lichen with well-documented antimicrobial activity, incorporated using two protocols and three concentrations. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization suggested possible involvement of extract’s particles in stabilization of the investigated system. Raman spectral imaging served as the key method in disclosing extract’s particles potential to participate in the microstructure of the tested emulsion system via three mechanisms: (1) particle–particle aggregation, (2) adsorption at the oil–water interface and (3) hydrophobic particle–surfactant interactions. Stated extract–vehicle interaction proved to be correlated to the preparation procedure and extract concentration on one hand and to affect the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical features of investigated system, on the other hand. Thereafter, formulation with the best preliminary stability and liberation profile was selected for further efficiency and in vivo skin irritation potential evaluation, implying pertinent in vitro antimicrobial activity against G+ bacteria and overall satisfying preliminary safety profile.

Nanoemulsions produced with varied type of emulsifier and oil content: An influence of formulation and process parameters on the characteristics and physical stability

The aim of the present study was to prepare oil-in-water nanoemulsions stabilized with a novel natural alkyl polyglucoside surfactant and to compare them with corresponding lecithin/polysorbate 80 - based nanoemulsions in terms of physicochemical properties and physical stability. Nanoemulsions were prepared by high pressure homogenization, using 20, 30 and 40% (w/w) medium chain triglyceride as oil phase, and 4, 6 and 8% (w/w) lecithin/polysorbate 80 mixture (1/1) or caprylyl/capryl glucoside as emulsifiers. The influence of emulsifier type, emulsifier concentration and oil content was investigated with respect to changes in particle size, particle size distribution, surface charge and physical stability. The influence of production parameters (number of homogenization cycles, type of homogenization process, homogenization pressure) on particle size was also investigated. Analysis was performed by photon correlation spectroscopy, laser diffraction, zeta potential, pH and electrical conductivity measurements. All formulations produced revealed a small droplet size ranging from 147 to 228 nm and a very narrow size distribution (polydispersity index range 0,072-0,124). Zeta potentials were about -20 mV and -50 mV for nanoemulsions stabilized with lecithin/polysorbate 80 and caprylyl/capryl glucoside, respectively. The results obtained during the stability studies (6 months at 25?C and 1 month at 40?C) indicated that nanoemulsion stability was influenced by their composition. Acquired results also suggested the most appropriate production parameters: 9 homogenization cycles, homogenization pressure of 500 bar and discontinuous process of homogenization.

Effect of small changes in natural origin-based emulsion systems on hydrocortisone skin absorption and performance: a comparison of two in vivo methods

Context: Alkyl polyglucoside surfactants (APG) remain prominent natural origin stabilizers offering a prospect of combining satisfactory stability with mild dermatological properties and complete biodegradability.Objective: With the purpose of adjusting the dose to a patient’s needs, dilution of commercial corticosteroid formulations is a practice which may modify efficacy uncontrolledly. The rational of the study was to investigate whether a simple change in ready-to-use bases (co-solvent addition) could address these needs in a more predictive manner.Methods: Hydrocortisone (HC) delivery from such emulsion systems was comparatively assessed employing two in vivo methods: the established human skin blanching assay versus skin stripping technique.Results: HC permeation data obtained after three dose durations showed better overall performance of the APG-stabilized bases relative to reference ones. Although the solubility study showed that all the assessed active samples retained equal thermodynamic activity, diverse HC permeation/penetration implies the importance of the applied base’s colloidal structure and/or changes endured. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) addition offered faster drug penetration enhancement, while glycerol as a moisturizing agent influenced HC penetration through the increase in skin hydration.Conclusion: Although the performed in vivo methods cannot be considered alternative, skin stripping technique proved to be a cost-efficient mode of percutaneous penetration assessment, providing additional information on vehicle–skin interactions.

Preparation of Alkyl Polyglucoside Surfactants by One-Step

Dodecyl polyglucoside was synthesized by glucose and dodecanol using P-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst. The effects catalyst type, proportion of material, reaction temperature and pressure were discussed in this paper. The most appropriate reaction conditions: mole ratio of laurel alcohol and glucose 6:1, mass of ratio of P-toluenesulfonic and glucose 0.008:1, reaction temperature 120°C and reaction pressure 5.0kPa.

Novel Alkyl Polyglucoside Surfactant Derivatives for Improving the Infiltration of Irrigation Water into Repellent Soil

Abstract Soil water repellency causes several agronomic challenges for turfgrass managers, such as reduced color, quality, and playability of golf courses and sports fields. Surfactants are commonly applied as water and soil treatments in order to manage water conservation, irrigation efficiency, and overall plant health. There is an ongoing need within the current sustainability initiatives for advanced materials with superior environmental and performance profiles. This research is the first to demonstrate the efficacy of anionic alkyl polyglucoside esters (AGEs) and AGE-nonionic surfactant blends in increasing the wettability of naturally derived and artificially repellent mineral soils. Surfactant compositions were diluted in distilled water to concentrations ranging from 8000 mg l−1 to 500 mg l−1. A standardized water droplet penetration test was used to measure infiltration times into soils of varying degrees of repellency. AGEs were up to 10 times more effective than alternative surfactants at improving water movement into soil. Performance differences became more significant as the application rates decreased. Our results demonstrate that AGEs can be highly effective at delivering irrigation water and aqueous compositions into the root zone of turfgrass when applied alone and/or in concert with traditional wetting agent classes. Patent applications have been submitted for this discovery.

Effective electrodeposition of Co–Ni–Cu alloys nanoparticles in the presence of alkyl polyglucoside surfactant

The effect of alkyl polyglucoside (APG) surfactant on the electrodeposition Co–Ni–Cu alloys nanoparticles has been investigated. In a typical electrodeposition experiment, it was found that as prepared Co–Ni–Cu alloys nanoparticles characteristics, such as size homogeneity, density, dispersion on the electrode substrate and the chemicals composition, depended strongly on the concentration of APG used in the reaction as well as the applied deposition potential. For the case of chemicals composition, low APG concentration (below CMC) was found to be effective for the preparation of excellent composition of the nanoalloys. Meanwhile, for the case of size homogeneity, density, and dispersion on the surface, high APG concentration (above CMC) and high deposition potential were preferred. It was also found that, at concentration above the CMC, the APG surfactant showed a metals ions deposition inhibition characteristic that caused increasing in the electrodeposition overpotential of the entire metals ions, namely cobalt, nickel and copper. As the result the copper was found to place a high percentage in the nanoalloys deposits. Owing to its simple procedure in controlling the composition and the nanoalloys growth characteristic, present approach should find a potential application in preparing Co–Ni–Cu magnetic nanoparticles for used in currently existing applications.