Alkaline Phospatase Research Articles

Alkaline phospatase activity in plasma of pregnant chagasic patients

lite linetic properties of plasma placental alLaline phosphauase patients \vith Chagas' disease vere siudied. When Cl.Mc vas used as auivatorthe sanie mercaSe of activ iv (1 7-20 0) vas lound in thc chagasic and noii chagasic groups. Fhe enzvnie was (101 inh ihited bv 1:. ion u an of uhe groups. No sign iflcant differences were deteeted betveen the 1\Vo groups (clmtrasic and non chaasic) when the enzvrne vas tieatcd vith inhibitors such as [DTA and L-phenvia lan ¡ nc. 1 lowever, whcn the CN ionwas used, the enzynie of the normal pregnant vonien hllowed a Michaelian curve. whcreas ¡u Ihe chagasic group a sigmoideal piot vas observed. [hus. the Hill cocfhcmentwas 1.1 for the normal uroup and over 1 .5 lr (he chagasic.

Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Over 5 Years, HbA1c Levels Over 7%, Alkaline Phospatase Over 130 IU/L, and C-Reactive Protein Over 3 mg/dL as Risk Factors for Osteoporosis in Type 2 DM Patients

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) may increases the risk of osteoporosis due to impaired osteoblast and osteoclast function, which affects the morbidity and mortality rates of DM patients. Not many studies investigating the relationship of DM with osteoporosis. AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the duration of DM, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as risk factors for osteoporosis. METHODS: Case control study was performed on a total of 44 samples that consist of ostoporosis group and non-osteoporosis group. Difference of HbA1c, ALP, and CRP between groups was evaluated using Chi-square test. RESULTS: Based on statistical analysis, we found that the duration of DM Type II ≥5 years (p = 0.002, odds ratio [OR] 11.08), HbA1c levels ≥7% (p = 0.027, OR 5.4), ALP ≥130 IU/L (p = 0.045, OR 5.2), and CRP ≥3 ng/dL (p = 0.033, OR 4.67) were significant risk factors for osteoporosis. Based on multivariate analysis with logistic regression, we found that risk factors for the duration of DM Type II ≥5 years had the greatest strength of association with osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: In DM patients, duration of DM ≥5 years, HbA1c levels ≥7%, ALP ≥130 IU/L, and CRP ≥3 ng/dL are predictor factors for osteoporosis that can be used in clinical practice. These risk factors can be used as evaluation parameters for DM patients who are suspected to have osteoporosis.

COSTUS AFER JUICE EXTRACT EFFECT ON SOME ANTIOXIDANT AND LIVER MARKERS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE INDUCED PROSTATITIS IN WISTAR RATS

The curative potentials of Costus afer on testosterone induced prostatitis and some biochemical parameters was investigated using rat models. Eighteen (18) male wistar rats were used. The rats were weighed and randomly separated into six (6) groups of 3 rats each and were induced with testosterone propionate (TP). The reference drug Centiflo XL (400mg) was used. Group I was not induced which served as control while group II rats were induced with TP without treatment. Group III rats were induced with TP and administered the standard drug. Group IV, V and VI were given the whole extract (100ml, 200ml and 300ml respectively). The administration, feeding, and housing lasted for twenty-eight (28) days. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of Costus afer revealed the presence of Flavonoids, Saponins, Phenols, Alkaloids, Cardiac Glycosides and the absence of Tanins. Results obtained show that the rats in group IV, V, and VI which were given Costus afer extract at different concentrations had decreased Prostrate specific antigen (PSA), testosterone, and Alkaline Phospatase (ALP) levels, while stress enzyme levels, Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were elevated due to the presence of phenolic compounds in the whole extract of Costus afer. From this study, it can be said that the whole extract of Costus afer could be recommended as an effective drug in the treatment/management of Prostatitis.

Inhibition of RAS components attenuates progression of heart failure and its adverse consequences on myocardial remodeling in both normotensive and hypertensive rats

Abstract Rationale and purpose Prevention or attenuation of heart failure (HF) is persistent task in clinic as well as challenge for progress in research. Both, intercellular connexin-43 (Cx43) channels and extracellular matrix (ECM) exert high impact on heart function. Thus, we aimed to explore whether HF due to volume overload (VO) induces alterations in myocardial Cx43, ECM proteins MMP2, SMAD2/3, TGFβ1 and PKC signaling as well as changes that may be revealed by enzyme histochemistry. Moreover, we tested the impact of treatment suppressing RAS on examined targeted proteins. Methods VO-HF was induced in male normotensive Hannover Sprague- Dawley (HSD) and mRen-2 transgenic hypertensive (TGR) rats by creating an aorto-caval fistula (ACF) and heart response was examined 20-weeks later. Sham-rats were compared with non-treated rats with ACF and those treated for 15-weeks with ACEI (trandolapril, 6mg/l, p.o.) or ARB (losartan (200mg/l, p.o.). Left ventricular heart (LV) tissue was analyzed using western blot, zymography and enzyme histochemistry. Key results Echocardiography confirmed an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in ejection fraction in both strains of rats. BW was higher in TGR vs HSD and it was not affected by VO. HW and LVW were higher in TGR vs HSD and VO increased both parameters regardless the strain while ACEI>ARB attenuated it. In parallel, myocardial pro-hypertrophic PKCd expression was higher in TGR vs HSD and increased in both strains due to VO while both drugs prevent it. Glycogen phosphorylase and capillary associated 5-nucleotidase, alkaline phospatase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities were reduced due to VO in HSD and TGR and it was attenuated by treatment. Cx43 expression and its functional phosphorylation status were lower in TGR vs HSD and suppressed in both strains due to VO but ACEI>ARB prevented it. Similar trend of changes was observed in PKCe expression, which phosphorylates Cx43. Profibrotic TGFβ1-Smad2/3 pathway was suppressed along with reduced MMP2 activity in TGR comparing to HSD. VO reduced SMAD2/3 in HSD and TGFβ1 in TGR as well as MMP2 expression in both strains, whereby treatment abolished these changes. VO decreased MMP2 (63kDa) activity only in TGR and ARB prevented it. VO did not affect collagen deposition in either strain vs sham rats. Conclusions Hypertrophic and hypofibrotic phenotypes are induced by volume overload in both rat strains. Together with deterioration of Cx43 mediated intercellular coupling it may contribute to heart dysfunction. Inhibition of RAS components attenuates progression of VO and its adverse consequences. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic VEGA 2/0158/19, 2/0002/20

ANALISI KADAR ALP (ALKALINE PHOSPATASE) DAN KHOLINESTERASE AKIBAT LAMA BEKERJA PADA PETUGAS FOGGING DI KOTA DENPASAR

Fogging is an effective way to prevent dengue fever in Indonesia. The side effects of fogging can have an impact on its officers by being exposed and inhaled by continuing to treat fumes that contain pesticides. So, that the liver function examination is carried out to determine the increase in ALP (Alkaline Phospatase ) levels and decrease in cholinesterase levels due to a long time working on fogging officers in Denpasar. This aims to determine whether there is an increase in ALP levels and a decrease in the level of cholinesterase in fogging officers' blood samples. This type of research carried out statistical tests by displaying the lowest, highest value and average test results and deviations standards. From the examination results obtained, it was found that ALP levels in March 2020 with an average of 63.1 ± 0.23 IU / L, while in April 2020 with an average of 98.0 ± 0.23 IU / L, at cholinesterase levels in March 2020 with an average of 5.2 ± 0.01 kU / L, while in April 2020 the average was 6.5 ± 0.01 kU / L. It can be concluded that there was an increase in ALP with an average percentage increase of 0.88% and a decrease in cholinesterase levels in April higher than March, with an average percentage decrease of 0.29%.

Study of doking molecule flavonoid Coleus amboinicus in TGF-1b receptor and lowering MDA concentration on Cisplatin-induce Wistar Rats

The aims of this study is to evaluate molecular docking of flavonoid Coleus amboinicus (CA) extracts in transforming growth factor-1b and lowering MDA concentration on cisplatin-induced in Wistar rat. Eighteen male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), 3 months of age with a body weight (BW) of 150-200 g, were allocated into three groups, with six animals per group. The control group received aquadest (P0), the treatment group were treated with single doses of cisplatin (5 mg/kg bw., ip) (P1) and received 100 mg/kg bw of the CA extracts (P2) respectively for 7 days. Bloods collected for analysis of serum alkaline phospatase (AP), Blood Nitrogen Urea (BUN) and Malondialdehid (MDA) concentrations. The levels of Malondialdehid (MDA) concentrations were analysed by Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) Sandwich-ELISA. All groups were sacrified for histopathology. Coleus amboinicus extract significantly decreased the level of AP, BUN and MDA concentrations compared to the control group (p<0.05). The level of MDA could be detected by its level significantly decreased in CA treatment group (p<0.05). Coleus amboinicus (CA) extract has a flavonoid as a marker compound of CA extract has stronger bind to the TGF-β1receptor than its of 3WA_601 ligand in silico analyzed. In histopathological examination showed that cisplatin-induced could alter severe multifocal hemorrhage, interstitial congestion, cell inflammatory, acute glomerular and tubular injury with necrotic cells. Immunohistochemical staining labeled with TGF-1β monoclonal antibodies (Mab) showed marked expression of brownish color aggregates on the surface of tubular epithelial cells and around glomerular mesangial cells in the CA treatment group. This study was concluded that CA extract is inhibited renal tissue injuries by lowering MDA and increasing TGF-1b expression on cisplatin-induced rats. Flavonoid as marker of CA extract has stronger bind to TGF-1b receptor by in silico.

이소플라본 비배당체 함량을 높인 복합처리 발효콩의 골 형성에 미치는 효과

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on bone formation of fermented soybeans by combination treatment with a high aglycone ratio of isoflavones, since this compounds are known to prevent osteoporosis caused by aging or menopause. The experimental group (osteoporosis-induced rats, n=20) was divided into four groups, namely the normal group (NC), the OVX group (OVXC), the steamed soybean powder group (SSP), and the fermented soybean powder group (FSP). After 8 weeks of administration, the body weights of the OVX, SSP and FSP groups had increased compared to those of the NC group, while the weight of the uterus had not increased compared to that of NC group, and the weight of the kidney leaf fat had not decreased compared to that of the OVXC group. In addition, serum levels of alkaline phospatase (ALP) and osteocalcin were not significantly different between the different experimental groups. However numerically, the FSP group appeared to exhibit some effect on bone formation. More specifically, the trabecular bone volume of the femur was significantly increased in the FSP group compared to the OVXC (p<0.01), and the trabecular bone mineral density was also significantly increased in the SSP and FSP groups compared to the OVXC group (p<0.05). These results indicate that fermented soybeans were effective in promoting bone formation in terms of increasing the bone volume and bone density of the femur. The consumption of fermented soybeans could therefore be suggested for the prevention rather than the improvement of osteoporosis.

Stimulatory Effects of KPR-A148 on Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Regeneration.

Xanthine derivatives have been used to treat a variety of medical conditions including respiratory disease and neural degeneration. However, few studies have reported their effects on bone regeneration. Therefore, we investigated the effects of KPR-A148, a synthetic xanthine derivative on osteoblast differentiation in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo. The cytotoxicity of KPR-A148 was evaluated using MC3T3-E1 cells by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltertrazolium bromide assay. The effects of KPR-A148 on osteoblast differentiation were examined by alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin red S staining, and real-time PCR of osteoblast differentiation marker genes. To investigate the effects of KPR-A148 on in vivo bone regeneration, a KPR-A148-containing collagen sponge was implanted into a mouse calvarial defect and KPR-A148 was injected twice, weekly. Bone regeneration was evaluated quantitatively by micro-CT and qualitatively by hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Masson's Trichrome staining. KPR-A148 did not show toxicity in the MC3T3-E1 cells and promoted osteoblast differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. 10μM of KPR-A148 showed the most significant effect on alkaline phospatase staining and matrix mineralization. KPR-A148 increased the expression of osteoblast marker genes in both the early and late stages of differentiation. In addition, KPR-A148 significantly induced new bone formation in the calvarial defect model. These results demonstrate that KPR-A148 strongly induces osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation. Therefore, it could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for regenerating bone following its destruction by disease or trauma.

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DIFFERENCES AMONG PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

Objective: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is recognized as a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. However, these individuals are not a homogenous group. We sought to study the differences among patients with essential hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Design and method: We studied 951 [390 (41.0%) were men] hypertensives, who were not under any lipid-lowering agent. Their median age was 58 (range: 16–92) years. The waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood samples were obtained in order to measure glucose, a complete lipid profile, liver and kidney factional tests and uric acid. MetS defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results: Six hundred twenty two out of 951 patients (65.3%) met the criteria for MetS. We divided hypertensives with MetS into two groups according to their serum glucose levels. Four hundred fourteen (66.6%) had serum glucose >100 mg/dl (HG) and the rest 208 (33.4%) <100 mg/dl (LG). HG group was significantly older than LG [60 (16–92) vs 57 (19–82) years; p = 0.001]. There was no statistically significant difference in both sex distribution and smoking status between the two groups. Subjects with high glucose levels (HG) were significantly heavier [body mass index (BMI): 33.4 ± 6.0Kg/m2 vs 32.4 ± 4.9Kg/m2; p = 0.03] with visceral obesity predominates (higher waist circumference: 111.8 ± 16.9 cm vs 105.8 ± 11.3 cm; p < 0.01) when compared with the other group. HG hypertensives had significantly greater pulse pressure (PP) when compared with LG (66.4 ± 17.6mmHg vs 60.2 ± 15.6mmHg; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference either in total and low density cholesterol, or uric acid and creatinine serum levels between the two groups of patients. On the contrary HG hypertensives had significantly elevated both Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (gGT) (35.2 ± 10.5U/dl vs 28.7 ± 8.6U/dl; p = 0.03) and Alkaline Phospatase (ALP) (86.5 ± 16.3U/dl vs 71.5 ± 13.5U/dl; p < 0.01) than the others. Linear regression analysis revealed that only PP and ALP levels associated independently with HG group of hypertensives. Conclusions: Our results suggest that among hypertensive patients with MetS those with higher serum glucose levels were older and more obese than the others. They had also greater PP and increased both liver obstructive functional tests. While, there were no difference in total and low density cholesterol serum levels.

ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF DRACAENA CINNABARI BALF. RESIN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SOQATRA ISLAND IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Dracaena Cinnabari balfis a species plant in Abalfurn 1984e de la p pharmaciegavaceae family. It is a tree endemic to the Island of Socotra,Yemen. It was used as a dye and medicine in Socotra and the Mediterranean basin. Some researches demonstrated both hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic of its resin of Dracaena Cochinchinensis, a traditional Chinese tree. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of the ethanolic extract of dracanea cinnabari balfresin (DCBR), endemic in Socotra Island, in Alloxan induced diabetes, and evaluation of possible antihyperlipidemic activity of the same extract in high-cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia in male albino rats. Experimental diabetes was induced in rats with intraperitoneal injection a single dose of Alloxan (150 mg/kg). Hyperlipidemia was induced in rats by administration of 1% cholesterol in diet and 0.5 % Hydrogen Peroxide in drinking water for 14 days. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured at 1st day, 7th day and 14th day. Pancreas histopathology was done at the end. Estimation of serum lipid profile and liver histopathology was done at the end of 14 day. The results were expressed as mean ± SD and differences among the groups of animals were compared using one-way ANOVA. Administration of ethanolic extract of resin of two doses (100mg and 300mg\kg) in alloxan induce diabetic rats resulted in a significant decrease in FBG levels with a recovery in destruction of pancreas cell compared with untreated group .Also the same doses of extract showed significant decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and alkaline phospatase in comparing with untreated groups. From the results of present study we can conclude the ethanolic extract of Dracaena Cinnabari Balf. have a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity in experimental animals , these activity are time and dose dependent.

Liver Function Test in Cholestasis

Cholestasis is impaired bile flow that cause prolonged evacuation of conjugated bilirubin and other substances which are dependent of bile flow for its excretion. The liver function test is useful to determine the severity of disease, to follow up its progress, and to predict the prognosis. This study was performed restropectively from the medical record of cholestatic patients who were admitted to the Department of Child Health, Central Hospital of Denpasar, from January 1992 to December 1993. Among 34 patients with cholestasis, 27 (19 intrahepatic and 8 extrahepatic cholestasis) were included in this study. Although the means of transaminase enzymes (SGOT, SGPT) in intrahepatic cholestasis were higher significantly than those in extrahepatic cholestasis, the increase of these enzymes five times or more than normal was not different significantly. The means of GGT and alkaline phospatase (AP) in extrahepatic groups were higher significantly than those in intrahepatic groups, and the increase of GGT more five times than normal was dilferent significantly as well. The means of total and conjugated bilirubin levels were higher in .extrahepatic group, but were not dilferent significantly.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Camel Milk on Poloxamer 407 Induced Hyperlipidaemic Wistar Rats.

AIM:To investigate the effect of oral administration of camel milk on liver enzymes, total proteins and histology of poloxamer 407 induced hyperlipidaemic wistar rats.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Thirty male wistar rats weighing between 150-200 g were randomly assigned into six groups of five each; group I: administered distilled water, group II: induced with P407, group III: induced with P407 and treated with atorvastatin (20 mg/kg) and groups IV, V and VI: induced with P407 and treated with camel milk 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively. After three weeks, blood samples and liver tissues were collected for the determination of alkaline phospatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio and histological studies respectively.RESULTS:All camel milk treated groups showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in ALT and AST. Camel milk treated groups; 250 mg/kg and 1000mg/kg showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total protein, globulin with all camel milk treated groups having significant (p < 0.05) increase in A/G ratio. Histological examination of liver tissues showed that camel milk at a dose of 250 mg/kg had slight adipocytes infiltration.CONCLUSION:The results of our findings highlight the hepatoprotective effect of camel milk in poloxamer 407 induced hyperlipidaemic wistar rats.

Relationship between Bone Health Biomarkers and Cardiovascular Risk in a General Adult Population.

Purpose/Introduction: Osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular (CV) disease emerge as closely related conditions, showing common risk factors and/or pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between bone health markers (BHM) and individual CV risk factors and overall CV risk (FRAMINGHAM-FRS, and PROCAM scores) in a general adult population. Methods: In 103 subjects (21 males; age: 56 ± 12 years), vitamin D (25(OH)D), osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phospatase (BALP), procollagen I aminoterminal propeptide (P1NP), CTx-telopeptide, as well clinical history and life style were evaluated. Results: Aging (p < 0.001) and glycemia (p < 0.05) emerged as independent 25(OH)D predictors. Aging (p < 0.001), male sex (p < 0.05), and obesity (p < 0.05) represented independent OC determinants. Aging (p < 0.05) was the only independent BALP determinant. After multivariate adjustment, low 25(OH)D (<20 ng/mL) (Odds ratio OR (95% confidence intervals CI)) (5 (1.4–18) p < 0.05) and elevated OC (>75th percentile-16.6 ng/mL) (6.7 (1.9–23.8) p < 0.01) were found to be significant FRS predictors, while subjects with elevated OC and/or BALP (>75th percentile-9.8 μg/L) showed a higher CV risk as estimated by PROCAM (3.6 (1.2–10.7) p < 0.05). CTx and P1NP did not significantly correlate with CV risk factors or scores. Conclusion: As we go further into bone and CV physiology, it is evident that a close relationship exists between these diseases. Further studies are needed to investigate mechanisms by which bone turnover markers are related to metabolic risk and could modulate CV risk. This knowledge may help to develop possible multiple-purpose strategies for both CV disease and OP prevention and treatment.

Role of serum lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phospatase, serum phosphorus in the cases of bowel ischemia in acute abdomen

Background: Bowel ischemia is a life-threatening condition which may arise from a number of causes affecting the arterial and venous compartments of the mesenteric circulation. The rapid onset of acute mesenteric ischemia and the potential rapidity with which bowel infarction may occur explain the lethality of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), alkaline phospatase, serum phosphorus in the cases of bowel ischemia in acute abdomen.Methods: Above mentioned serum enzymes were measured preoperatively in the fifty patients of acute abdomen. Biomarker levels were compared in patients between equal two groups on the basis intra operative findings of bowel ischemia and non-bowel ischemia.Results: Preoperative estimated serum levels of all described enzymes found to be significantly elevated in patients of group A (with bowel ischemia) in comparison with group B (with no bowel ischemia). Sensitivity and specificity for elevated levels of S. LDH were 88% and 68%, for SGOT 68% and 80%, for S. ALP 72% and 68%, for S. CPK-MB 76% and 84%, and for S. phosphorus 76% and 68% respectively.Conclusions: Preoperative estimated serum levels of all described enzymes found to be significantly elevated in patients of group A (with bowel ischemia) in comparison with group B (with no bowel ischemia). Sensitivity and specificity for elevated levels of S. LDH were 88% and 68%, for SGOT 68% and 80%, for S. ALP 72% and 68%, for S. CPK-MB 76% and 84%, and for S. phosphorus 76% and 68% respectively.

Effect of Copper Methionine Supplementation on Haemato-Biochemical Profile, Hormones, Serum Copper Status and Immunity in Male Kids

Twenty male goat kids (non-descriptive) of 4–5 months age and 10.94±0.35 kg body weight were allocated into four equal groups in a randomized block design and maintained on a diet of concentrate mixture and wheat straw (60: 40). Treatment animals were fed the same diet as in control group (Con) but they were additionally supplemented with 7 ppm Cu as CuSO4 (Cu-Sulf), 7 ppm Cu as Cu-methionine (Cu-Met7) and 3.5 ppm Cu as Cu methionine (Cu-Met3.5) for 120 days. Blood samples were collected at 40 days intervals up to 120 days. Serum protein fractions, urea, creatinine and cholesterol concentrations were similar in all the groups but Hb level improved due to Cu supplementation. Activity of serum enzymes (alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phospatase and super oxide dismutase) and hormones (T3, T4, testosterone and thyroid stimulating hormone) was also similar in all the groups but ceruloplasmin activity was higher (P<0.05) in Cu-Sulf and Cu-Met7 groups. The change in skin fold thickness and humoral immune response were higher (P<0.05) in Cu-Met7 kids as compared to control ones whereas there was no difference in other supplemented groups. Supplementation of Cu had no effect on serum minerals like Ca and P, however, Cu levels were higher (P<0.05) and Fe level lower (P<0.05) in Cu-Met7 group. Thus, supplementation of Cu improved haemoglobin, serum Cu, ceruloplasmin and immunity in the 7 ppm Cu-methionine supplemented goat kids.

Different Levels of Alkaline Phospatase (ALP) in Multiple Myeloma (MM) and SOLID Tumors with BONE Lesions

Background: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme localized in different tissues and its levels may increase in diseases with skeletal involvement.Aim: To compare ALP levels in patients with Multiple Myeloma and osteolytic lesions, and in patients with solid tumors (breast, prostate, lung, stomach, kidney and colon) and osteolytic, osteoblastic and mixed (osteolytic and osteoblastic) bone metastatic lesions.Patients and Methods: From 1991 we collected 400 patients with MM and 308 patients with solid cancer with bone involvement. We grouped patients according to the metastases type (osteolytic, osteoblastic mixed), number of metastasis (1, 2-3, more than 3), ISS and D&S Stage. Among patients with solid tumors 45% had lytic lesions, while 31,5% had osteoblastic lesions and 23,5% had mixed lesions. Comparing MM vs. bone metastasis from solid cancer respectively 64.5% vs. 59% had normal ALP values, while 29% vs. 28% had <2xUNL, and 6.5% vs. 13% had >2UNL values of ALP. Patients with MM had significantly lower ALP values when compared to patients with osteoblastic bone lesions (P<0.05). In particular, comparing ALP levels of MM patients with the levels observed in cancer patients with >3 osteoblastic lesions difference is even more significant (P<0.01). Moreover, patients with Breast and Prostate cancer had ALP values significantly higher than MM pts (P<0.05 and P<0.05 respectively).In the group of patients with solid tumors, ALP levels were significantly higher in those with >3 osteoblastic lesions than in those with only osteolytic lesions (P<0.05).Conclusion: These preliminary results indicate that ALP should be part of the initial work up in pts with bone lesions. This simple and cheap test, if normal or reduced in presence of osteolytic bone lesions, suggests an initial complete protein study including serum and urine protein electrophoresis associated to Bone Marrow aspirate, in case of the presence of a paraprotein. DisclosuresPetrucci:Celgene, Janssen-Cilag, Amgen, Mundipharma, BMS: Honoraria.

P-079: Severity of congestion in patients with chronic heart failure is not correlated to peripheral organ dysfunction

Background Venous congestion in advanced heart failure (HF) patients is frequently accompanied by dysfunction of several peripheral organs (liver, kidneys), and is associated with unfavorable prognosis. However, there are few data regarding the correlation between the degree of venous congestion and the type and range of hepatic function abnormalities. Methods 150 patients with advanced HF on optimal medical therapy, in care unit of Chronic Heart Failure, continuing to have symptoms and signs of congestion despite that the daily furosemide dose was = 250 mg in each patient. We evaluate those patients clinically, biologically and with echocardiography. Results Mean age of patients was 62.7 ± 10.8years, whereas 30% of them suffered from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Mean values of New York Heart Association functional class, were 3.5 ± 0.5, of left ventricular ejection fraction 27.5 ± 7.9%, of right atrial pressure (RAP) 15 ± 5 mmHg of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) 23.6 ± 5,7 mmHg and of cardiac index 1.8 ± 0.6 Lt/min/m 2 . Serum values of BNP not evaluated, serum creatinine 2.9 ± 4,9 mg/dl, bilirubin 1.8 ± 2,1 mg/dl, aspartate (AST) 34 ± 27IU/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 43 ± 122 IU/L, alkaline phospatase 95 ± 81IU/L and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-gt) 122 ± 75IU/L. No correlation between RAP, PCWP and liver function enzymes was demonstrated. Patients with severe systematic venous congestion (RAP values up to 30 mmHg) could present with normal values of hepatic enzymes. Contrary, in patients with significant dysfunction of liver biochemistry the values of RAP and PCWP could be within normal range. Indices of cholestasis or liver cell lysis were also irrelevant to the degree of congestion. Interestingly, right ventricular systolic function (sTDi) was demonstrated to correlate with serum creatinine (r = 0.517, p = 0.049) and the value of direct bilirubin (r = 0.754, p = 0.031). Conclusions The type and range of hepatic biochemistry abnormalities which is noted with congestion seems to be independent of intracardiac filling pressures, possibly indicating a systematic/inflammatory rather than a mechanistic mechanism of their generation.

Effects of endocrine and inflammatory changes on markers of bone turnover following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery

Bariatric surgery is associated with increased bone turnover. The mechanisms involved are unclear but may involve nutrition, mechanical unloading, altered secretion of gastrointestinal and adipose hormones and changes in inflammatory status leading to weight loss induced bone loss. We assessed markers of bone turnover in obese adults (F=19, M=1; BMI 46.5 + 7.9 kg/m2) following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), and investigated their relationship to endocrine and inflammatory markers following this procedure. Bone specific alkaline phospatase (BAP) and N-teleopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) were measured as markers of bone formation and resorption, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate differences over time. Step-wise multiple regression was used to model the contributions of body weight and composition, endocrine and inflammatory markers to bone metabolism (expressed as BAP/NTX). BAP/ NTx declined significantly (p<0.05) within 1 month after surgery and remained low for 12 months post RYGB. Before surgery, glucose (partial R2 = 0.23, p=0.03) and non-esterified fatty acids (FFA) (partial R2 = 0.12, p=0.09) explained 35% of the variance in BAP/NTX (model R2 = 0.35). Twelve months after RYGB, 48% of variance in BAP/NTx was explained by glucose (partial R2 = 0.21, p=0.04), insulin (partial R2 = 0.17, p=0.05) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (partial R2 = 0.10, p=0.09; model R2 =0.48) Changes in body weight and composition were not significantly related to the BAP/NTX ratio 12 months after surgery. In conclusion, the use of BAP/NTx ratio and stepwise regression models can be used to explore the inter-relationships among bone metabolism, endocrine and inflammatory markers following RYGB weight loss induced bone loss over an extended period of persistent weight loss.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ERIA MYSORENSIS LINDL. (ORCHIDACEAE) PSEUDOBULP AGAINST CARBONTETRACHLORIDE INDUCED TOXICITY

The ethanolic extract of pseudobulb of Eria mysorensis at the dose of 100mg/kg body weight (oral) was studied for the hepatoprotective effect using Carbontetrachloride induced liver damage in wistar albino rats. Ethanolic extract showed significant (p&lt;0.05) hepatoprotective effect by lowering the serum levels of various biochemical parameters such as serum Glutamic Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvates Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline Phospatase (ALP), Total Bilirubin (TBL), Total Cholesterol (CHL) and by increasing the levels of Total Protein (TPTN) and Albumin (ALB) in the selected model. These biochemical observations were inturn confirmed by histopathological examinations of liver sections and are comparable with the standard hepatoprotective drug Silymarin (100mg/kg body weight) which served as a positive control. The overall experimental results suggests that the biologically active phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, terpenoids, sterols, phenols, saponins and alkaloids present in the ethanolic extract of plant Eria mysorensis, may be responsible for the significant hepatoprotective activity and the results justify the use of Eria mysorensis as a hepatoprotective agent.

Protective effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves against arsenic–induced toxicity in mice

To evaluate the protective role of leaves of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) Lam. against arsenic-induced toxicity in mice. Swiss albino male mice were divided into four groups. The first group was used as non-treated control group while, the second, third, and fourth groups were treated with M. oleifera leaves (50 mg/kg body weight per day), sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg body weight per day) and sodium arsenite plus M. oleifera leaves, respectively. Serum indices related to cardiac, liver and renal functions were analyzed to evaluate the protective effect of Moringa leaves on arsenic-induced effects in mice. It revealed that food supplementation of M. oleifera leaves abrogated the arsenic-induced elevation of triglyceride, glucose, urea and the activities of alkaline phospatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum. M. oleifera leaves also prevented the arsenic-induced perturbation of serum butyryl cholinesterase activity, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The results indicate that the leaves of M. oleifera may be useful in reducing the effects of arsenic-induced toxicity.