Moir\'e patterns made of two-dimensional (2D) materials represent highly tunable electronic Hamiltonians, allowing a wide range of quantum phases to emerge in a single material. Current modeling techniques for moir\'e electrons require significant technical work specific to each material, impeding large-scale searches for useful moir\'e materials. In order to address this difficulty, we have developed a material-agnostic machine learning approach and test it here on prototypical one-dimensional (1D) moir\'e tight-binding models. We utilize the stacking dependence of the local density of states (SD-LDOS) to convert information about electronic band structure into physically relevant images. We then train a neural network that successfully predicts moir\'e electronic structure from the easily computed SD-LDOS of aligned bilayers. This network can satisfactorily predict moir\'e electronic structures, even for materials that are not included in its training data.