Aligarh Muslim University Research Articles

The Notched-frons Katydids of Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir) India: new records and a new species of Euconocephalus (Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Copiphorini)

Karny (1912) proposed Copiphorini tribe within the subfamily Conocephalinae, family Tettigoniidae. Copiphorini is now one of the seven tribes of Conocephalinae. The members of this tribe are characterized by notched frons and a slanting head shape. This is the first study of the tribe in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The specimens which were examined for this study were collected in Kashmir from August 2019 to September 2021. During the survey, two genera and four species including a new species, Euconocephalus farooqi sp. nov. were reported. Brief discussion about morphology and distribution of new and first records are given. The holotype of new the species has been deposited in the museum of Zoology Department, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India.

The Decline of University Sports in India: Causes and Retention Measures

The objective of this study was to determine the causes of the decline of sports in the universities of India. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from India's hundred-year-old three central universities. The subjects for this study were the administrators, coaches, and players of the University Sports Boards. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for this study. At first, the three central universities, Aligarh Muslim University, Banaras Hindu University, and Jamia Millia Islamia, were selected purposively based on uniformity. Three hundred thirteen subjects, including 39 administrators, 29 coaches, and 245 players, were randomly selected from the three universities. RIDIT analysis followed by the Kruskal Wallis test was used to analyze the data and hypothesis. The study results unveiled that the effectiveness of sports in the universities of India has declined. There is no strategic planning with clear and attainable objectives for the management of sports in the universities of India. The study displayed the causes of its decline and suggested retention measures. Further research is needed to explore sports in the universities of India.

The Intellectual Crisis of the Ummah

These notes are a slightly revised version of a keynote address delivered by the author at a two-day international conference on the “Intellectual Crises of the Muslim Ummah: Rethinking Traditional Solutions,” held at the Aligarh Muslim University, India, on April 6-7, 2015.

First record of grey bush-cricket Platycleis albopunctata (Goeze, 1778) (Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniini) on the agricultural crops from Trans Himalaya, India.

The study deals with new record of species bush-cricket Platycleis albopunctata (Goeze, 1778) from Kargil, Ladakh, India. The species is reported from fodder (alfalfa) and cereal (barley) crops of Kargil, Ladakh. Illustrations and morphometric ranges of reported species have been provided. All specimens have been deposited in the Zoology Department, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

Indian Students On Their Way To PhD Journey - An Integration Of Hurdles And Opportunities

Frequent assessment, finance duress, cut-throat competitive atmosphere, negligible condition, the connection among colleagues as well as excessive workload may result in elevated levels of stress. Additionally, almost all researchers making an effort to forge an official persona that is definitely a new corner to these people. A descriptive research design is used in this study. A survey is performed to collect data from PhD students in Aligarh Muslim University (AMU). Data was collected using a convenience sampling method. The goal for this research was to find aspects that obstruct and hinder the progress of PhD students, with a focus on stress from the Supervisor’s Role, Peer Relations, and Personal Aspects to check their overall performance. It was observed that Supervisor’s roles, individual aspects, and peer factors have a significant impact on the overall performance of PhD Students.

A new species, Yalvaciana unal sp. nov. of the genus Yalvaciana Ciplak et al. 2002 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae) from Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India

A new bushcricket species, Yalvaciana unal sp. nov. of the genus Yalvaciana Ciplak et al. (2002) is described. It is distinguished from other species of the genus based on various morphological characters. The genus has two species, Yalvaciana yalvaci Demirsoy, (1974) endemic to Anatolia, Turkey Taylan et al. (2019) and Yalvaciana allowpora Shah Usmani, (2021). Detailed information about the morphology and distribution of the new species is given. The holotype has been deposited in the museum of the Zoology Department, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

Analysis of varying PV penetration level on harmonic content of active distribution system with a utility scale grid integrated solar farm

ABSTRACT The tremendous growth in photovoltaic installation around the world poses several power quality concerns. One of the major concerns is a harmonic injection into the grid whose extent depends on the level of PV penetration. Harmonic injections beyond certain limits introduce some negative effects such as malfunctioning of protective devices, reducing power system reliability. Therefore, its analysis is one of the most important aspects for the safe and reliable operation of the modern distribution system. For this, analysis of harmonic behaviour at PCC under different PV penetration levels is carried out to establish the relationship between them. Several measurements have been taken at PCC with varying PV penetration in a 3 MW ground-mounted solar PV plant at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. These measurements include harmonic components of voltage and current by using a fluke II power quality analyser, and the results are compared with the limits imposed by the standards.

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Conversion disorder, previously known in the medical literature as “hysteria” has engaged prominent individuals in the history of medicine, neurology and psychiatry. There have been recent studies indicate that cognitive phenomenon may be inadequate in conversion disorder and trying to utilize neuroimaging or other neurophysiological measures in an attempt to understand the underlying functional neuroanatomical basis of conversion disorder.Aim:Present study planned to explore sociodemographic profile and cognitive impairment in patients of conversion disorder attending psychiatry out patient department or admitted in psychiatric ward at JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) Aligarh. In this study, we will assess the correlation between socio-demographic profile and cognitive impairment in conversion disorder patients.Materials and methods:• The present study has been conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.• The patients are assessed as per semi-structured proforma, in which their socio-demographic details, clinical history and mental status examination have been recorded.• Relevant laboratory tests and neuroimaging studies were done on each patient.• Neuropsychological tools have been applied to assess cognitive functions.Result:Most of the patients of conversion disorder were females belonging to rural population & lower socioeconomic status, having less education and have history of sexual abuse. Cognitive deficits are found in significant number of patients. Statistical significance of particular(s) will be discussed at the time of presentation.

Hemodynamics of superior mesenteric artery by doppler flow velocimetry in enterally fed moderately asphyxiated newborns

Introduction: Asphyxia is an important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The disturbed hemodynamics caused by asphyxia can damage a number of organ systems including gastrointestinal system. Enteral feedings can therefore be risky in the asphyxiated newborns with jeopardized blood supply. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the abnormal Doppler flow indices of splanchnic circulation in moderately asphyxiated term newborns on the 1st day of life. Design: This was a prospective case–control study. Study setting: This study was conducted in the Neonatology Division, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Materials and Methods: This study included thirty hemodynamically stable asphyxiated babies as cases. The controls were gestation- as well as weight-matched normal newborns. Blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was estimated by Doppler ultrasonography within the first 24 h of birth of the baby. The peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, time-averaged mean velocity, and the resistive index were recorded. The measurement was done before and 1 h after giving feed to the baby. The pre- and postfeed Doppler indices of the SMA were measured and compared with the controls. The tolerance of oral feeds by the babies was regularly monitored. Results: The baseline velocity in the study group prior to feeding was comparable to the control group. None of the cases developed feed intolerance and showed a similar postfeed hemodynamic response in the SMA as that of controls. Conclusion: Enteral feeds could be safely started and continued in all the moderately asphyxiated term neonates within the 1st day of life after demonstrating establishment of splanchnic flow in the Doppler study.

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Background:Acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD) is characterized by an acute onset (within 2 weeks) of delusions and hallucinations causing behavioral disorganization. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) alteration is an inexpensive subclinical marker to understand the inflammatory pathogenesis of ATPD.Methodology:We investigated the NLR to explore the causative etiology of ATPD using data from psychiatric OPD and ward of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. NLR of patients diagnosed with ATPD (F23, ICD-10) was correlated with disease severity assessed using the Brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) and Clinician-rated dimensions of psychosis symptom severity scale (CRDPSS) respectively.Result:High NLR was seen in most ATPD patients which corroborated with disease severity and late return to premorbid functioning. Statistical significance of particular(s) will be discussed at the time of presentation.

Bronchial Hyper-responsiveness in Post-tubercular Patients: A Case-control Study

Introduction: Bronchial hyper-responsiveness is the manifestation of excessive bronchoconstriction in response to diverse types of stimuli both physical and chemical. It is the most characteristic feature of bronchial asthma; it also occurs in a spectrum of other diseases like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders (COPD) and reactive airway syndrome and may be provoked by a variety of stimuli like histamine and methacholine. Patients of healed pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) show varying extent of lung impairment such as fibrosis, collapse, emphysema and broncho alveolar destruction. Aim: To assess the incidence and severity of obstructive airway diseases in previously treated TB patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective case control study, carried out in the Department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, from September 2017 to September 2019, this study included 120 patients of previously treated TB, who were divided into two groups. The case group (71) included patients who completed treatment for TB and had dyspnoea. The control group (49) consisted of patients who completed the treatment but did not have dyspnoea. The patients were subjected to spirometry, histamine bronchial challenge test and computed chest tomogram along with routine investigations including sputum for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB). Results: The present study showed significant histamine hypersensitivity among post TB patients. In the case group, 34 (56%) patients showed positive response to bronchial challenge test with histamine; while in control group only 7 (14%) showed a positive response (p-value=0.004). Pulmonary function test (spirometry) showed an obstructive pattern in 35 (49%) case group patients, while normal pattern was the most common finding seen in 23 (47%) in the control group followed by obstruction in 10 (21%) patients. Among the cases, the mean Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1) was 65.77±15.98, while among the controls, it was 80.02±8.81. The case group had a mean Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second/Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) of 78.09±15.75, as against 81.33±16.79 in the control group. Conclusion: Airway bronchial hyper-reactivity is a prominent feature in previously treated tubercular patients. This underlines the need for proper attention towards post-tubercular lung function impairment and proper treatment of such patients so as to lessen the impact of bronchial hyper-reactivity on patient symptoms and their quality of life.

مراجعة كتاب "المرأة في الإسلام في ضوء القرآن والسنة"

In the current academic discourses on Islam, one of the most fiercely debated and discussed topics is ‘women in Islam’. There are numerous ‘misconceptions’ and ‘misinterpretations’ related to their status or place, role, and contribution. Numerous works, written from different perspectives, deliberate on this topic, which appears as a ‘never-ending’ debate. A latest addition to the literature on portraying women in Islam in its real perspective is the book under review. Written by Abdur Raheem Kidwai (Professor of English and Director, K.A. Nizami Centre for Quranic Studies, Aligarh Muslim University, India), it is a succinct, slim, and simple volume which highlights the rights, status, role, and contribution of Muslim women in its real context as well as demystifies and deconstructs the main misconceptions and misconstructions on this vital but sensitive issue.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection and Subsequent Wheezing in Childhood Asthma- A Cohort Study

Introduction: Prevalence of asthma in children <18 years is approximately 7-8%. Mycoplasma pneumoniae has also been found to be an important trigger of asthma. Many studies have shown the association of Mycoplasma pneumoniae with acute exacerbation of asthma in adults. But the data is limited to determine the role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in causing subsequent wheezing in children with asthma. Aim: To study the role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in causing subsequent wheezing episodes in asthma in children between 1-14 years of age. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted from October 2019 to October 2021 at the Paediatric Division of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. Consecutively 60 patients with bronchial asthma aged between 1 to 14 years were included during the first year of study period. The diagnosis of bronchial asthma was as per Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. Venous sample was tested for Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody with Calbiotech Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Clinical follow-up for subsequent wheeze was done at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months starting after 2 weeks of being declared symptom free. All data were recorded and analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 22.0. Results: Out of 60 patients, males comprised of 46 (76.67%) and females 14 (23.33%) with the mean age 5.56±4.21 years. Family history of wheeze was also taken and found to be 38.33% among asthamatics (23/60). Among asthmatics, 23 cases (38.33%) were IgM positive. Episodes of subsequent wheeze were present in all the patients with a mean of 4.5±2.7 episodes in one year. On subgroup analysis, mean wheezing episodes were documented as 5.43±3.00 in IgM positive group which was statistically higher than IgM negative group in which mean wheezing episodes were 3.92±2.42 (p-value=0.036). Conclusion: Subsequent wheeze was observed in all patients with asthma. The mean wheezing episodes were statistically more in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infected asthmatics in comparison to non Mycoplasma pneumoniae infected asthmatics.

Biophysical Characterisation of Amadori Modified Human Serum Albumin: A Prognostic Biomarker for Diabetic Complications

Introduction: Glycation of biological macromolecules particularly protein leads to the generation of early and Advanced Glycation End (AGE) products. The interest in early glycation of protein is driven due to the fact of Amadori modified proteins having role in diabetic complications. Aim: To analyse the biophysical characterisation of Amadori modified human serum albumin as a prognostic biomarker for diabetic complications. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, India, from May 2010 to December 2012. The structural characterisation of EGPs was generated by incubating Human Serum Albumin (HSA) with glucose for about a week. The generation of EGPs of HSA was quantitated as Hydroxy Methyl Furfural (HMF) by ThioBarbituric Acid (TBA) assay and authenticated by boronate affinity chromatography. Moreover, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Electro Spray Ionisation/Mass Spectrometry (ESI/MS) was carried out to validate the presence of Amadori product formed. Additionally, Circular Dichroism (CD) and thermal denaturation studies were used to investigate the structural changes in Amadori albumin. Results: Glycated HSA was obtained as detected by the presence of HMF and chromatography peaks. On stratification, the structural perturbation was observed in Amadori HSA. Furthermore, the generation of furosine was also confirmed by obtaining a new peak in the HPLC profile of glycated HSA. The ESI/MS result also substantiated the presence of Amadori products. Conclusion: The therapeutic strategies that negate the Amadori modification of albumin might be a logical approach in the prevention of diabetic complications.

An evaluative study of the library services provided by the libraries of Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) and Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (BBAU) to specially-abled users

An evaluative study of the library services provided by the libraries of Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) and Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (BBAU) to specially-abled users

A Demographic Study of Chronic Bronchitis: An Observational Study

Background: Chronic bronchitis is a global public health problem affecting those over the age of 40, and it will continue to be a challenge in the future. It is a leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality around the world.Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the demographic status of chronic bronchitis patients.Materials and Methods: It is an open-label clinical study conducted on 50 diagnosed patients who visited the Moalejat, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, selected for further inquiry regarding age, sex, occupation, temperament, seasonal variations, etiological factors. Results: In the present study, among the patients selected for chronic bronchitis,it was observed that maximum participants 17(34.0%) belonged to the age group of 60-65 years and patients were also evaluated based on the history of risk factors. Among various risk factors, cigarette smoking is a vital risk factor, accounting for 94% of patients in our study.Conclusion: In conclusion, every tool should be leveraged to raise CB awareness and implement an effective COPD/CB early detection programme in our community.

Education and Beyond: Analysing the Struggles of 21st Century Women in a Central University

Culture plays a critical role in determining gender roles in said space, and Aligarh Muslim University happens to be an educational institution with a history dating back to the colonial period. Drawing its cultural roots from India's pre-independence Islamic traditions, the University upholds certain beliefs regarding women, which happen to exist in the present times with slight modifications. This paper studies the various social, political, religious, and cultural forces existing in the University that impact the space of female students residing in the campus premises in the twenty-first century. The research is supported by a qualitative and quantitative survey of AMU students and interviews of political leaders. It also uses references from secondary data sources. Struggles faced by women of AMU as a consequence of the division of space is exemplified by unequal distribution of power and access, problems of representation in political leadership, and geographic isolation in the paper, thereby taking the lived experiences of these women beyond education.

Nationalism, Patriotism and Political Ideas of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: an Analysis

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (Founder of Aligarh Muslim University) was born into a noble Muslim family in 1817; he was a distinguished scholar while working as a lawyer at the British East India Company. After realizing the worthless condition of Muslims, his approach to western education for the benefit of the Muslim community became a priority. This study contemplates that Sir Syed was religiously oriented and very politically aware of nationalism and patriotism. The author uses primary data and also secondary data. The author also explores his main books and articles; the author aims to examine Sir Syed's nationalist and political ideas concerning political significance for Muslims in India. The writer would like to know the result that, what is the reason, Sir Syed was against the Indian National Congress. At the same time, the whole Indian society was afraid of the British, but Sir Syed maintained his good relations with the British, and he also showed the loyalty of the Muslims towards them. This study found the conclusion about Sir Syed that he became a symbol of communal harmony.

Anormalousliu sp. nov.: a first record and a new species of the genus Anormalous Liu, 2011 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) from India.

The Phaneropterinae, commonly known as the bush katydids, are among the most diverse tettigoniids in the world. A new species Anormalousliusp. nov. is described from Kashmir, India. This is the second species in the short-winged genus Anormalous. It is differentiated from the other species from China by the absence of posterior apical spurs on the fore and mid tibiae, the male subgenital plate with two long cylindrical lobes fused with each other and blunt at the apices, and the male stridulatory area longer than broad. We include a key to species in the genus Anormalou. The holotype has been deposited in the Museum of Zoology Department, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh Uttar Pradesh, India.

Expert Roundtable: accelerating time to market for CAR-T cell therapies through translatable workflow

<div class="authors authors-lg"><div class="author"><div class="author-img"><img src="https://cdn.insights.bio/uploads/Riviere square.png" data-image="1"></div><div class="author-det"><h3 class="author-name" style="color:#5D538A;">Isabelle Riviére</h3><h5 class="author-title" style="color:#5D538A;">Director, Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center</h5> Dr Rivière joined the faculty of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) in 1999. She is currently the Director of the Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility where she investigates novel strategies for cell therapies and immunotherapies to increase or retarget the immune response against tumors and treat hematological disorders. Her laboratory has developed multiple processes for clinical-grade gamma-retroviral and lentiviral vector production as well as hematopoietic and T-cell manufacturing. </div></div></div><div class="authors authors-lg"><div class="author"><div class="author-img"><img src="https://cdn.insights.bio/uploads/Kurtoglu photo copy.jpg" data-image="1"></div><div class="author-det"><h3 class="author-name" style="color:#00A795;">Metin Kurtoglu</h3><h5 class="author-title" style="color:#00A795;">Chief GMP Manufacturing and Chief Medical Officer, Cartesian Therapeutics</h5> Metin Kurtoglu, MD, PhD, is a medical oncologist board certified in internal medicine. Dr Kurtoglu’s clinical and basic science research career spans over 20 years and has focused on developing novel targets for drug-resistant cancer cells and cancer stem cells, including multiple myeloma. He has also been an investigator in various cancer immunotherapy trials. Cartesian Therapeutics is pioneering RNA cell therapies in and beyond oncology, with three assets in clinical trials for autoimmune, oncologic and respiratory disorders. The investigational therapies are manufactured at Cartesian’s cGMP manufacturing facility. </div></div></div><div class="authors authors-lg"><div class="author"><div class="author-img"><img src="https://cdn.insights.bio/uploads/Tariq Haq.JPG" data-image="1"></div><div class="author-det"><h3 class="author-name">Tariq Haq</h3><h5 class="author-title" style="color:#007589;">Head of Cell and Gene Therapy Segment Marketing at Lonza Bioscience Solutions</h5><p data-focus-visible-added="" class="focus-visible">Tariq Haq is the Head of Head of Cell and Gene Therapy Segment Marketing at Lonza Bioscience Solutions. He brings with him extensive bioprocess experience including strategy development, new product launch and commercialization. Previously he has held positions in marketing and product management while working in companies such as Pall, GE Healthcare, Thermo Fisher Scientific and Millipore. He has authored publications in peer-reviewed journals such as Science and Vaccine. Tariq holds degrees in Physics and Biotechnology from Aligarh Muslim University in India and in Biochemistry from Texas A&amp;M University in the US. </div></div></div>