Concept Of Alienation Research Articles

Marxist Analysis of Alienation (1973)

Abstract Lucien Sève (1926–2020) was one of the foremost Marxist theoreticians of the Parti Communiste Français. An indomitable opponent of both structural and humanist Marxism, his 1973 article reprinted below represents the core of his conception of alienation. For Sève, whilst the mature Marxism of Das Kapital is fundamentally distinct from the speculative humanism of the 1844 Manuscripts in placing capital, not abstract labour, at the heart of alienation, this reinforces, rather than replaces, the role of alienation at the centre of Marx’s mature thought, and hence of Marxism itself.

Karakter Aşınması Bağlamında Adalet Ağaoğlu’nun Fikrimin İnce Gülü Adlı Romanı

Adalet Ağaoğlu romanları hem dönem hem zihniyet hem de psikolojinin egemen olduğu çok boyutlu, çok katmanlı bir yapıya sahiptir. Yazarın toplumsal gerçekçilik temelinde kaleme aldığı romanları, Türk toplumunun belirli dönemlerine ait tarihi ve sosyolojik incelemelere zemin oluşturur. Romanları, ele aldığı karakterlerin duygularını, düşüncelerini, ideallerini ve hayallerini yansıtan dili sayesinde karakterlerin gerek ruhsal gerek fiziksel değişimlerini gözlemlemeye olanak sunar. 
 Adalet Ağaoğlu’nun Fikrimin İnce Gülü adlı romanı daha önceki çalışmalarda sistem eleştirisi, yabancılaşma kavramı, yolculuk arketipi, nesne-karakter ilişkisi, fetişizm ve narsisizm gibi temeller üzerinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, kendisinden önce oluşturulan araştırma zemininin bir destekleyicisi niteliğinde olup; Fikrimin İnce Gülü adlı eserin Richard Sennett’in “karakter aşınması” teorisi bağlamında irdelenmesini ve yeni kapitalizmin “karakter” üzerindeki etkilerinin ortaya konulmasını amaç edinmiştir. İncelemede Richard Sennett’in üzerinde durduğu “sürüklenme, rutin, esneklik, okunaksızlık, risk, etik, başarısızlık ve cemaat özlemi” kavramları temel alınmış; eş güdümlü bir inceleme yöntemi izlenmiştir. Başta roman kahramanı Bayram olmak üzere metinde yer alan şahısların hemen hepsinde modernden postmoderne geçiş sürecine özgü -karakter aşınması bağlamında- ciddi bir dönüşümün söz konusu olduğu, devirlerin ve onların güncel yaşam kodlarının insanları aşındırdığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

The Xenology of the Powder Keg of Europe: the Reflection of the Peculiarities of Own — Alien Dichotomy in the Balkan Model of the World in the Xenopejorative Vocabulary of the Languages of the Balkan Sprachbund — Articulation of Issue

The article discusses the reflection of the features of the own — alien dichotomy in the Balkan model of the world in the xenologic pejorative vocabulary of the Balkan sprachbund languages: Albanian, Aromanian, Bulgarian, Modern Greek, Macedonian, Romanian and Serbo-Croatian. The author gives a brief review of the historical, cultural and geopolitical specifics of the Balkan-Carpathian region, which influenced the local peoples’ ideas about strangers; some traditional mythological beliefs of the Balkanians related to the conceptual field of otherness are also presented. Based on the analysis of the internal history of the word, an attempt is made to define the main models for constructing derogatory names for strangers in order to compare the data for various Balkan languages and, to the extent possible, build an integral image of the concept of alien in the Balkan conceptual worldview. According to the results of the study, the xenopejorative vocabulary of languages of the Balkan sprachbund shows significant similarities both in terms of form and content. Pejoratives with undifferentiated evaluativity absolutely predominate, which could account for the richness of the Balkan derivational morphology and a large number of lexical borrowings in each of the languages; pejoratives with an indication of appearance, features of language and peculiarities of behavior are also widely represented, however, the first are referentially limited, while the second and the third are universal, from which it is concluded that the prototypical Balkan alien is someone who speaks differently and behaves differently. At the same time, the most common target for pejorative vocabulary in the Balkan languages among all strangers is Roma people, which is bound both to a number of stereotyped ideas about the physical and behavioral distinctive features of this ethnic group, and to the historical isolation caused by the nomadic way of life and the closedness of the Roma community from outsiders.

Social acceleration, alienation, and resonance: Hartmut Rosa's writings applied to nursing.

This article aims to present the life and work of German thinker Hartmut Rosa as a philosopher of interest for nursing. Although his theoretical framework remains fairly unknown in the nursing domain, its main key concepts open up a philosophical and sociological approach that can contribute to the understanding of a wide range of study phenomena related to nurses, nursing, and healthcare. The concepts of social acceleration, alienation, and resonance are useful to explore healthcare organizations' performance by bringing the time dimension of modernity to the center; to grasp nurses' experiences of caring for patients; and to understand nurses as agents endowed with the capacity to deploy their political agency to create alternative forms of relationship to themselves, to others, and the world, challenging the institutional order of healthcare organizations when it fails to resonate with their professional ethos. In this article, we propose Hartmut Rosa's theoretical framework as a new and inspiring phenomenological and critical lens that should be further explored to advance knowledge concerning phenomena that are found at the crossroads of the nursing domain and other fields of knowledge.

Efficient Smart Grid Fault-Identification Approach with Photovoltaic- Distributed Generators Based on Monitoring of Current/Voltage Signals

A Smart grid fault-identification is a critical aspect of the protection relaying system with the integration of renewable energy based on photovoltaic-distributed generators. With increasing the distributed generators usage in smart grids, the conventional relaying techniques suffer from maloperation owing to the risk of changing fault current levels. Therefore, in this paper, a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the statistical cross-alienation coefficients-based method is proposed to detect and classify different types of faults considering the dynamic response of photovoltaic. The proposed protection scheme does not require any extra-measuring systems as it relied on the one-ended measurements that are installed at PV-feeder over a moving window, which are available due to the use of advanced measuring facilities in smart grids. This opens the doors to transferring real-time data from / to protective relays, and then these datasets are processed for discriminating among various internal fault classes and external and healthy conditions. Intensive simulation studies are executed using PSCAD/EMTDC platform along with the validation of the proposed scheme. The 300 kW PV panel is connected to grid though a boost converter and Voltage Source Inverter. Results unveil that the application of alienation concept and differential faulty energy method for approximation coefficients-based DWT for voltage and current signals show a better performance in terms of accuracy and computational burden.

Exploitation at the frontier of Europe: Workers’ Alienation and Emancipation in Amazon Poland

This paper investigates workers’ exploitation in contemporary global logistics. Relying on Marx’s concept of alienation, we examine the case of an Amazon warehouse in Poland, at the eastern frontier of the European Union. In line with existing studies, our analysis shows how algorithmic Taylorism and casualized employment alienate workers from the work process, social relations with other workers, the commodities they handle, and ultimately themselves as human beings. At the same time, we highlight how these modalities of work and employment integrate workers into the global circuit of capital, reconstituting them as universal, undifferentiated, global waged labour and as consumers. This integration at once emancipates workers located at the eastern frontier of the European market from more ‘locally embedded’ exploitative capital-labour relations prevalent in that context. Our study contributes to the growing literature on global logistics and Amazon by pointing to the key role of the ‘emancipating effects’ of alienation, which Marx theorized. This complements current explanations of labour’s exploitation which focus on workers’ structural vulnerability and coercion. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of our findings for the possibilities of these workers’ mobilization.

Critical Race Theory: Example of an Alien Concept of Social Justice According to the Bible

Not all social justice teachings are social justice according to the teaching of the Bible. The case in point is the teaching of critical theory on racism (Critical Race Theory or CRT). This teaching that nowadays has a strong influence over universities in the United States promotes widely concepts such as systemic racism, social binary, and intersectionality, which has actual­ly caused a social rift marked by never-ending racial pre­judice. From the biblical point of view, the critical theory view of racism contains social consequences that harm society at large. It has taught a social mindset that runs counter to the biblical teach­ings on social justice. After discussing the historical back­ground of CRT and the basic tenets of CRT, I will then provide an evaluation of CRT from the biblical perspective by observing its starting point, its view of the root cause of racism, and the primary solution that it offers.

Understanding Money & Credit in Contemporary Capitalism: Back to the Future of Marx's Theory of Fetishism and Alienation

In this article, I propose a reading of Marx’s theory of money and credit through his concepts of fetishism and alienation. Such a reading provides us with a theoretical apparatus, useful to understand key dynamics of contemporary capitalism. Particularly, the concepts of fetishism and alienation do not only provide a key to understanding the current working of finance in terms, thus offering additional insights to financialisation, but rather reveals how exactly certain contradictions embedded in the money circulation process affect the dynamics of financial crises.

Privacy as a form of alienation: a critique of the liberal conception of privacy

The atrocities carried out by the Soviet Union have done a considerable harm to the Marxist social theory. Hence, it is being suggested that the revival of socialist politics is contingent upon its ability to engage with some of the central ideas associated with liberal theory. In this regard, privacy is projected as one of the central values about which Marxists need to seriously rethink. In this broad intellectual context, this paper aims to offer an unorthodox critique of the liberal conception of privacy through the Marxist conception of alienation. It asks: why are Marxists opposed to the liberal conception of privacy? Is privacy a form of alienation? How to conceptualise the interface between privacy, private property, and alienation under the capitalist mode of production? The paper argues that the liberal conception of privacy cannot be borrowed without significant modifications—as some scholars think—since it is based on an abstract and possessive conception of the individual, which is not only in accordance with the logic of capitalism but also breeds alienation.

Secularization of Muslim Students: A Freirean Perspective on Biological Evolution Teaching in Islamic Schools

The teaching of evolution has long been debated in the fields of science, education, and theology. This controversy raises many problems, especially when the national curriculum includes it as the material to be taught in madrasas or Islamic schools. This study aims to examine Paulo Freire’s critical education paradigm and its significance and relevance for criticizing the teaching of evolution in religious (Islamic) schools in particular, and in a broader context of a religious Indonesian society. This study used a qualitative-descriptive approach, with a library research. The data were obtained from Freire’s books as primary sources and from scientific articles and other related books as secondary sources. The study found 6 key ideas of Freire that are relevant to critique on the teaching of evolution, namely: (1) the inseparability of education from political content, (2) the displacement of the values and culture of the oppressed through education, (3) the neutrality of science, (4) three categories of human consciousness, (5) the concept of alienation, and (6) critical literacy programs.

ظاهرة الاغتراب: دراسة في انواعه واسبابه

Man remains the first and dynamic nucleus and the point of transformation on which the world is based economically, socially, culturally and politically. Everything he deals with is for the sake of man himself. On the other hand, this world’s interest in him is to achieve his psychological, social and economic stability, and to guarantee him freedom of thought and expression in opinion and belonging. The human being is considered for a long time the link that connects the product to the consumer. However, in the recent period, problems and challenges began to worsen, which made him move away a little from the position he used to occupy. In the midst of technological life and the advancement of the machine that took his place and made him sit at home, he had nothing of work to do, to be a figure in one of the types of unemployment. On this basis, we have agreed that our study of this subject and its social, economic and psychological importance should be as much as possible, taking into account everything related to this, which would make the study of a scientific nature. Since our study of “the phenomenon of alienation and human rights is an analytical study and one of the human studies, we must clarify the concept of alienation and its types, causes and dimensions by dividing this study into three sections that include the following: The first topic: the concept of alienation. The second topic: types of alienation. The third topic: the causes and dimensions of alienation.

Roll on that day: A dialectical poetry

Phil O’ Keefe’s Roll on that day is not just poetry, but a dialectical materialist rendition of reality. In this tribute, I refer to his poetry as “rendition,” rather than, interpretation. O’ Keefe renders nature, time, and space not as separate and discrete, but as a complete assemblage of hope and fear; second, he renders resources, labor, and landscape as simultaneously “nature(al)” and produced. “Rendering” as opposed to “interpreting” is O’Keefe’s Marxist poetic justice because “rendition” is reality communicated, expressed, viewed, and revealed in the richness of its relationality. Rendition is poetic and dialectical. Interpretation, on the other hand, involves the treatment of data collected through externalization and segmentation, a prosaic analysis that externalizes nature as an environment to be prodded, tabulated, experimented, and fixed. Inspired by O’ Keefe’s poetry, I trace Marxist concepts of alienation and commodification of nature, arguing that O’Keefe’s poetry provides a dialectical ebb and flow which disrupts teleology and provides a conceptual lens to understand modes of production not as discrete or ahistorical, but instead, as containing seeds of the previous modes of production. This tribute concludes by emphasizing O’Keefe’s contention that development has to be decolonized, that uneven development is the death of dialectical poetry and the victory of analytical prose, that theorists must begin with an honest acceptance that development theory is simultaneously a response to the effects of capital and are conditioned by it.

Studying light pollution as an emerging environmental concern in India

The growing global population has increased the demands for urban housing development not only in the cities but in suburbs and rural areas as well. This gradual but speedy urbanization and globalization have introduced a new kind of “night lifestyle” among people, who engage in various entertainment activities late in the evening till early mornings. This influx of urban architecture and changes in lifestyles have resulted in increased use of various kinds of lighting systems in our cities to a point where some cities like Mumbai and New York City are known as “the cities that never sleep.” Although this might be contributing significantly to the economy, they cause greater harm-light pollution, with little to no awareness. This paper, therefore, deals with the various types and causes, and thus the consequences of light pollution, ranging from plants, animals, humans to astronomy. The documentation done so far concerning light pollution has been done by scientists and astronomers from the West. Thus, an attempt has been made to assess the awareness ratio among Indians between the ages of 16–65 through an online questionnaire, analyzing the collected data qualitatively. It was found that majority of the participants were not aware about the term ‘light pollution’ and consequently were not aware about the threat that comes with it. So the objective of this review paper is to bring attention to the severity of the issue of light pollution and make people aware of the consequences it has on our lives. All the effective mitigation policies and regulations from various countries around the world that were theorized to deal with this risk and propagate awareness are included. Our goal is to bring these solutions to practice in the Asian and South Asian countries like India and make the masses informed as light pollution is still a relatively new and alien concept.

SOUTH AFRICAN MARINE INSURANCE LAW: THE CURRENT STATE OF OUR DRAFT MARINE INSURANCE BILL AND THE EFFECT OF ITS PROMULGATION ON THE SOUTH AFRICAN MARINE INSURANCE INDUSTRY

In 1997 a draft proposal for a Marine Insurance Act was prepared as a new South African statute in response to a call for the development of marine insurance by legal practitioners, academics, various members of the Maritime Law Association and other members of various Marine Underwriting bodies (the draft bill was redrafted in 1997 by its main draftsman Adv Douglas Shaw QC). The draft legislation, tends to adopt the form and structure of the English Marine Insurance Act 1906 (6 Edw 7c 41), with minor differences. For instance, in keeping with the South African law on insurance, the draft Act excludes the English law concept “uberrima fides”, which has been rejected as an alien concept under South African insurance law. It is essential for legislature to review the status of the bill as marine insurance forms the oldest part of our well established maritime economy. Developments in marine insurance laws will enable South Africa to participate more meaningfully from a legislative point of view in the international arena. The draft bill is a useful tool in determining the probable future direction of the developments in South African marine insurance, however, this draft legislation has not been promulgated. It is possible to underestimate the usefulness of such a code since ten years have passed since the bill’s last re-draft. It is proposed in this article that there is a need for codified South African Marine Insurance Law and that perhaps the legislature should reopen the debate on the bill and consider it in order to hasten the process of its promulgation. Further, if such a statute is developed it must be unique to South Africa in that it must reflect a balance between the modern Roman-Dutch law as applied by our courts in marine insurance matters while useful English law concepts are also reflected for the purposes of international uniformity. However, if capturing such a dichotomy in the draft bill proves to be against international marine insurance trends, perhaps the best way forward is to promulgate the existing draft Act as is. What must be achieved in the end is that South African Marine Insurance Law must lose its legal research status of being the “Cinderella” of all insurances and have positive laws that govern it specifically in the form of a South African Marine Insurance Act.

Alienation and action in the young Marx, Aristotle, and Arendt

Alienation and action in the young Marx, Aristotle, and Arendt

Ancient China and the Responsibility to Protect: An Under-Studied Topic of Legal History

AbstractWhile the Responsibility to Protect (“R2P”) doctrine synergizes modern international law against atrocities, its legal underpinnings formed in Europe much earlier. Scholarship thus attributes R2P's origin to the Just War traditions as early as the fourth century, which particularly endorsed external interventions against tyranny. The Ancient Chinese had championed similar ideas of Just War, encompassingjus ad bellumrecognition of war against unworthy sovereigns andjus in bello. Nevertheless, the Chinese traditions charted a different course. While in Europe, Just War rationalized the interventionist protection of co-religionists during the Reformation and later of oppressed Christians ruled by the Ottomans; the Chinese humanitarian expedition was discontinued by the advent of the Qin Empire. As R2P literature largely ignores ancient Chinese doctrines and practice, this paper investigates how they veered away from the pre-Qin traditions. It particularly illustrates how “tyranny” was perceived differently, and why “atrocity” and “minority protection” appeared alien concepts.

Islamic and Late Modern Comparative Worldviews on Language: Towards Model for Translating Alien Key Concepts

Within the area of cultural discourse studies (CDSs), this article is presented to compare the late modern and Islamic worldviews on language. In so doing, the researcher uses a comparative qualitative method to explore the worldviews on language, word meaning, text, and context with specific attention to the writings of Norman Fairclough and those of Mohammed Naqib al-Attas. The analysis reveals that both worldviews coincide in terms of basic and relational meanings of words. Some differences are revealed in terms of the worldviews on language, text, and context. What distinguishes al-Attas’s Islamic worldview is that the authentic sources of knowledge (the Quran and the verified Sunnah) in the Arabic language provide a scientific context for concept-formation. The study contributes to a model for translation at worldview levels. It recommends further research on translating alien key concepts that have been introduced into the languages of Muslim people.

Engaging with the non-human turn: A response to Büscher

Büscher's recent article promoted a new language of ‘more-than-human’ and ‘less-than-human’ alongside the concept of surplus alienation from nature, observing that the non-human turn would benefit from an engagement with history. In commenting Büscher's intervention, I observe that the ‘nonhuman turn’ does not have much traction in the Global South, possibly because the alienation from nature is experienced through the violent realities of primitive accumulation. The non-human turn is hardly compatible with Marx's understanding of capital and nature–society relations as organised by the law of value. The new language of the non-human turn is founded on an idealistic conception of society and history, reproposing an analytically problematic ‘we’ that perpetuates class-blind analyses.

School beyond stratification: Internal goods, alienation, and an expanded sociology of education

AbstractSociologists of education often emphasize goods that result from a practice (external goods) rather than goods intrinsic to a practice (internal goods). The authors draw from John Dewey and Alasdair MacIntyre to describe how the same practice can be understood as producing “skills” that center external goods or as producing habits (Dewey) or virtues (MacIntyre), both of which center internal goods. The authors situate these concepts within sociology of education’s stratification paradigm and a renewed interest in the concept of alienation, contrasting the concepts of skills, habits, and virtues to capital, credentials, and habitus. They close by connecting the argument to broader critiques of procedural liberalism and the ideology of meritocracy, then giving suggestions for an expanded sociology of education beyond the stratification paradigm.

Overcoming Simondonian Alienation

This paper engages in an interpretation and critique of Simondon’s approach to technical objects through his concept of alienation. I begin with his argument for why the fundamental source of alienation is “psycho-physical” and explain his critique of politico-economic analyses of alienation. I then explain his proposal for reducing alienation by rethinking work as “technical activity.” I then argue that while Simondon’s analyses of the internal functionality of technical objects provide important contributions to the philosophy of technology, he also overemphasizes the psycho-physical and in turn underestimates the role of politico-economic factors in the ontogenesis of technical objects and production of alienation. Both the psycho-physical and politico-economic, I claim, must be thought together as necessarily interconnected conditions of the ontogenesis of technical objects. On that basis, it becomes possible to engage in philosophical critique of and education about the inner functionality of contemporary technologies and their accompanying risks.