Alien Registration Research Articles

Dame X v. Conseil d’Etat du Canton de Geneve

195International organizations — Officials — Immunity — Scope — Whether officials liable to expulsion from receiving State — Officials not assimilated to diplomatic agents — Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, 1946, Article V, Sections 15 and 16 — Immunity limited to acts performed in an official capacity — Exemption from immigration restrictions and alien registration — Whether including immunity from expulsionAliens — Expulsion — Officials of international organizations — International officials not assimilated to diplomatic agents — Whether subject to expulsion in absence of express treaty provisions to the contrary — Inherent power of receiving State to secure order in its territory — The law of Switzerland

Labor Market Politics in Detroit: The Curious Case of the "Spolansky Act" of 1931

Midway through the 19 June 1931 issue of the Detroit Labor News, a bitter exchange appeared between the Detroit Federation of Labor and Rabbi Leon Fram, one of the city's Jewish leaders. Several times in recent weeks the DFL had publicly endorsed an alien registration law that had cleared the Michigan legislature and Governor Wilbur M. Brucker's desk in late May. The measure, which Detroit labor attorney Maurice Sugar at the time penned the Spolansky Act, originated as a combined anti-alien and anti-communist initiative of the Union League of Michigan, a Detroit-based organization of conservative Republican businessmen and professionals which thrived on ardent opposition to union labor and left-wing radicals. The law required that each of Michigan's 250,000 aliens register with the Commissioner of Public Safety, provide photographic and fingerprint identification, and obtain a certificate that verified their status as a legal resident of the State. Only under these conditions could aliens reside, sojourn, engage in business or work in Michigan. Employers were required to employ only registered aliens. Further, any alien caught by the police without a valid certificate and unable to establish a right of residence was subject to a fine, ninety days in jail, and then delivery to federal immigration authorities for possible deportation.1

The Discriminated Fingers: The Korean Minority in Japan

The Japanese prosperity continues unabated, prominently symbolized by an unprecedented trade surplus and the supremacy of the yen. Prime Minister Nakasone enjoys a high approval rating from the populace as the reign of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party appears as secure as ever. Economic success and domestic stability seem to verify the Panglossian image of Japan as the veritable capitalist utopia. The surface calm nonetheless belies some internal discontents. One significant source is the effort, primarily by the Korean minority in Japan, to abolish the system of "forced fingerprinting" (shimon ounatsu) imposed during alien registration. As the number of people who refuse fingerprinting grows, the attention of the Japanese mass media has increasingly focused on this neglected group of 670,000 people.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

The Alien Registration Law and the Fingerprinting Problem

The Alien Registration Law and the Fingerprinting Problem

Estimating the Resident Alien Population of the United States

Abstract The alien population of the United States on June 30, 1945 is estimated on the basis of the 1940 alien registration; reported arrivals, departures and naturalizations of aliens after 1940; and an estimate of alien mortality. The estimate refers to the de jure rather than the de facto alien population, for it does not include temporary visitors and aliens illegally in the United States. The problem of estimating the number of aliens is shown to differ in several respects from that of estimating the total population. Although immigration, emigration, naturalizations and deaths are the major sources of change in the size of the alien population, an examination of immigration and nationality law and of official statistics reveals no less than 25 classes of alien arrivals, departures and changes of citizenship status that are not included in the officially reported totals of immigration, emigration and naturalization. Allowance for certain of these special classes of alien movements should be made in estimating the resident alien population of the United States.

American Japanese, Pearl Harbor and World War II

Although the Alien Registration program showed that there were only 91,858 Japanese aliens in the United States, the problem of the Japanese minority has long been one of the most troublesome worrying the United States. As an internal problem it might have been magnified out of its true proportion, but as an inseparable part of the international relations between the United States and Japan its importance cannot be overestimated.' In this latter respect, in particular, it has been a dynamite-laden problem. Since 1882, when the first Asiatic Exclusion Law was passed, we have been heaving restlessly, but with a determination not to look squarely into this emotionalized problem, which had little counterpart in any of the rest of the nation.2 It was a little eccentric,

The Drafting of Neutral Aliens by the United States

The Alien Registration Division of the Immigration and Naturalization Service has announced that there are 695,363 alien Italians in the United States and 314,715 alien Germans. The census of 1940 indicated over eleven million white inhabitants born in a foreign country residing in the United States, and a recent release shows that about 65% of these became naturalized citizens.1 It can be calculated, therefore, that we have in this country, excluding orientals, a neutral alien population of about two millions. Are these persons protected by virtue of alien status from liability to military service? The issue has been confused by claims that rights under international law are violated by forcing neutral aliens to serve. In what follows, attempt is made to show that no controversial issue of international law need be raised, and that no such issue need interfere with the legal and domestic right of the United States to request alien service.

Who Is Expatriated by Hitler: An Evidence Problem in Administrative Law

Tens of thousands of the 3I5,000 residents of the United States who are tabulated as Germans in the alien registration of I940 1 are technically not German citizens. In I942, the persons belonging to this group had the occasion to state under oath in their application for a certificate of identification 2 that they are citizens or subjects of no country. In fact, most of these refugees from Nazi oppression are stateless and no longer owe allegiance or loyalty to the German Reich because they have been expatriated. The sole allegiance they owe is to the United States since nearly all of them have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States. Ninety percent of them live in New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and California. The question whether or not a resident of the United States belongs to this group of expatriated persons is of utmost importance to courts, alien enemy hearing boards, loyalty boards, attorneys, Federal, State, and local government agencies; e. g., the State, War, and Navy Departments, the Treasury, the Federal attorneys, the FBI, and the Immigration and Naturalization Service. In wartime, the answer will be essential for many legal or administrative decisions, e. g., for the admittance of an immigrant to the United States, naturalization of a German born person, permits for employment in certain defense plants, control of travel, supervision of blocked accounts, searches of homes, special assignment in the services of the armed forces. Even the community relations to a German born might depend on the answer to the question whether Adolf Hitler claims him as his subject, because the expatriation is the only legal proof that he owes no loyalty to the Third Reich. This evidence can be corroborated by other documentary or testimonial evidence of the anti-Nazi attitude of the respective person. Under these circumstances, it is important for our public officials and attorneys as well as for the respective aliens themselves to know who has the legal right to state under oath that he is expatriated by Hitler.

Public Relations Problems of Alien Registration

Journal Article PUBLIC RELATIONS PROBLEMS OF ALIEN REGISTRATION Get access J. H. POLLACK J. H. POLLACK Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 6, Issue 4, WINTER 1942, Pages 622–627, https://doi.org/10.1086/265582 Published: 01 January 1942

Aliens. Exclusion. Secretary of State's Failure to Define "Emergency Cases" under Alien Registration Act Held Denial of Due Process

Aliens. Exclusion. Secretary of State's Failure to Define "Emergency Cases" under Alien Registration Act Held Denial of Due Process

Alien Registration Act, 1940

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Constitutional Law. Federal Alien Registration Law Precludes Similar State Action

Constitutional Law. Federal Alien Registration Law Precludes Similar State Action

Alien Registration Required

Alien Registration Required

Aliens. Disability. Validity of State Alien Registration Act

Aliens. Disability. Validity of State Alien Registration Act