Information Processing Algorithms Research Articles

Advanced Applications of Polymer Hydrogels in Electronics and Signal Processing

The current state of affairs in the field of using polymer hydrogels for the creation of innovative systems for signal and image processing, of which computing is a special case, is analyzed. Both of these specific examples of systems capable of forming an alternative to the existing semiconductor-based computing technology, but assuming preservation of the used algorithmic basis, and non-trivial signal converters, the nature of which requires transition to fundamentally different algorithms of data processing, are considered. It is shown that the variability of currently developed information processing systems based on the use of polymers, including polymer hydrogels, leads to the need to search for complementary algorithms. Moreover, the well-known thesis that modern polymer science allows for the realization of functional materials with predetermined properties, at the present stage, receives a new sounding: it is acceptable to raise the question of creating systems built on a quasi-biological basis and realizing predetermined algorithms of information or image processing. Specific examples that meet this thesis are considered, in particular, promising information protection systems for UAV groups, as well as systems based on the coupling of neural networks with holograms that solve various applied problems. These and other case studies demonstrate the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation for solving problems arising from the need for further modernization of signal processing systems.

Особенности структурного синтеза алгоритмов обработки радиолокационной информации при многочастотном наблюдении

Setting and solving the problem of structural synthesis of the algorithm for detecting and measuring parameters of mobile objects against the background of correlated interference and noise in multi-frequency radar surveillance systems based on multibeam digital antenna arrays are considered. The processing algorithm is synthesized under the assumption of Gaussian observation statistics with separate spatial and temporal characteristics of signals and interference. As part of the study, a phenomenological model of the radar situation was developed, adequate to the formation of observations in multi-frequency space-time signal processing systems against the background of correlated interference and noise. On its basis, a structure of an optimal, in terms of Bayesian quality criteria, algorithm for detecting a multi-part signal at the outputs of multipath digital antenna arrays is obtained. On the basis of the adaptive Bayesian approach, ways of solving the problem of detecting and measuring parameters of mobile objects in conditions of multi-frequency observations with parametric a priori uncertainty about interference characteristics are determined. Recommendations on selection of adaptive algorithms for radar information processing in case of non-stationary observations are given. The results of structural synthesis make it possible to present processing in the form of a multichannel system in space, time and radial speed. Sufficient statistics on the set of radiation frequencies are accumulated. This view opens up a wide range of possibilities for using parallel computing systems. It is shown that the obtained algorithms can serve as the basis for detecting the beginning of maneuvering of an observation object at the stage of primary processing of radar information.

Using the set of informative features of a binding object to construct a decision function by the system of technical vision when localizing mobile robots

The object of this study is the process of constructing a decision function by the optical-electronic system of technical vision under the conditions of the influence of obstacles on the current image, which is formed in the process of localization of a mobile robot. The paper reports the results of solving the problem of constructing a decision function when reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the current image by using a set of informative features for the selection of the binding object, namely, brightness, contrast, and its area. The selection of the binding object is proposed to be carried out by choosing the appropriate values of the quantization thresholds of the current image for the selected informative features, taking into account the signal-to-noise ratio, which provides the necessary probability of object selection. The dependence of the object selection probability on the selected values of the quantization thresholds was established. The use of the results could enable the construction of a unimodal decision function when localizing mobile robots on imaging surfaces with weakly pronounced brightness and contrast characteristics of objects, as well as with their small geometric dimensions. By modeling, the probability of forming a decision function was estimated depending on the degree of noise of the current images. It is shown that the application of the proposed approach allows selection of objects with a probability ranging from 0.78 to 0.99 for the values of the signal-to-noise ratio of images formed by the technical vision system under real conditions. The method to construct a decision function under the influence of interference could be implemented in information processing algorithms used in optical-electronic technical vision systems for the navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles

Design of an information-computer system for the automated modeling of systems for automatic orientation of production objects in the machine and instrument industries

An information-computer system has been developed for the automated modeling of systems for automatic orientation of production objects, which is one of the most important and complex creative flexible production systems of machine and instrument engineering. The proposed information-computer system for automated modeling of systems of automatic orientation of production objects is an effective tool for solving an important task of a scientific and applied nature. Its use makes it possible to increase the speed and efficiency of information processing and to make correct and well-founded decisions when determining the composition and method of organization of systems of automatic orientation of production objects. The structure of this information-computer system is a specific set of software and hardware and information and telecommunication tools and interactive functional modules. This structure reproduces a certain paradigm that conditions the integrity and integration of the information-computer system for automated modeling of systems for automatic orientation of production objects in flexible production systems. In addition, uniformity, extensibility, the possibility of modernization and changeability of software components, protection of information from unauthorized access and preservation of commercial secrets are ensured according to international criteria for evaluating the protection of the computer system. Neuro-fuzzy network information processing and computer vision algorithms have been implemented for automatic identification of production objects and orientation devices, which are components of automatic orientation systems of production objects. The developed information-computer system processes information in real time with high accuracy and speed

Analysis of the peculiarities of the method of combining an electronic cartographic navigation information system with a ship's radar station

The article analyses the importance of radar image overlay on the screen of an electronic charting navigation information system (ECNIS) for improving safety and efficiency of navigation. Based on a review of scientific publications and professional literature, the article discusses the technical aspects of the overlay function, its advantages and limitations, and the impact on the decision-making process of a navigator. The overlay of radar information on an electronic navigation chart ensures the integration of planned and actual data on the environment, which contributes to the increase of situational awareness of the navigator. The combination of the systems makes it possible to visually compare radar targets with cartographic objects, clarify the vessel's location, control drift and orientation, and detect navigation hazards. The overlay function is especially valuable when sailing in confined waters and in conditions of limited visibility. At the same time, the use of overlay technology is associated with a number of technical difficulties and limitations related to ensuring the accuracy of overlap, harmonisation of data formats, and synchronisation of information updates. Errors in the operation of positioning systems, direction guidance, and cartography errors can lead to inconsistencies in image layers and incorrect interpretation of the navigation situation. The issues of equipment reliability, display parameters settings, competence and training of navigators are of critical importance. It is emphasised that radar image overlay on ECDIS is an effective tool for improving safety of navigation, but it does not replace traditional navigation practices and does not eliminate the need for critical evaluation of data. Over-reliance on technology, ignoring its limitations and disregard for the principles of good maritime practice can lead to erroneous decisions and have a negative impact on safety. Further prospects for the development of technology can be associated with the improvement of information processing algorithms, optimisation of human-machine interaction, and the development of training methods. The article emphasises the need for an integrated approach combining the improvement of technical systems and the human factor to fully realise the potential of the overlay function in ensuring safety of navigation. Only a balanced use of technological innovations and traditional navigational practices can guarantee the reliability and efficiency of modern navigation

Automation of determining the boundaries of river basins of small rivers: the case of Khangalassky district of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

Currently, the absence of a GIS system linked to river basins in Russia may complicate the work of important operational environmental and hydrometeorological surveillance services. It is important to note that simplifying and accelerating the allocation of river basins through open source software can significantly optimize the work of researchers, especially in conditions where it is important to respond promptly to floods and floods in a short time. The purpose of this work is to automate the allocation of river catchment areas, which can help in the study of vast territories of the Far East, as well as contribute to the creation of effective forecasting and monitoring systems. The study presents an automated approach to the identification of watersheds based on the use of geospatial data and information processing algorithms. The presented method demonstrates the effective allocation of watershed boundaries, which makes it possible to simplify the research process and increase the accuracy of the data obtained. The study was conducted within the boundaries of Khangalassky district of the SR(Ya). The data obtained using digital terrain models were corrected, and then used for rapid allocation of watersheds by means of an algorithm developed by the authors. The algorithm is a module for QGIS, which uses the QGIS and GDAL tools in turn, which significantly speeds up the process of creating materials for further research. The results of the study emphasize the accessibility of obtaining information about the geosystems of river basins as integral systems and put forward the prospect of improving GIS processes related to water resources for more effective monitoring of ecosystems and decision-making in the field of environmental protection.

A Broadband Information Metasurface-Assisted Target Jamming System for Synthetic Aperture Radar

In recent years, jamming strategies for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) pertaining to target detection and identification, such as the creation of false targets, electromagnetic (EM) deception, and signal spoofing, have been increasingly emphasized. Distinct from traditional SAR jamming approaches, the introduction of an innovative artificial material cloak in SAR target jamming presents augmented capabilities. These methods demonstrate a proficient redirection of incident EM waves in specific or arbitrary directions, effectively masking the vital information linked to critical targets. This study introduces a broadband SAR target jamming system employing an information metasurface that incorporates intelligent information processing algorithms in conjunction with a space-time-coding digital metasurface, endowing it with the capacity to adeptly modulate incident EM waves. This integration facilitates a versatile approach to jamming, enabling the deployment of multi-mode protective measures against critical targets. The conducted simulation and experiment results validate the system’s ability to adjustably produce EM deception and generate multiple false targets independently of the SAR system. The outcomes of this research significantly advance the practicality of SAR protection strategies, pushing the boundaries toward more dynamic, broadband, and controllable scenarios, thereby substantially improving the concealment of critical targets in highly sensitive conflict areas.

Design and Application of Intelligent Transportation Systems Based on Optoelectronic Information Processing and Time-optimal Algorithms

The project employs photoelectric information acquisition technology and integrates it with an intersection waiting time optimization algorithm to achieve traffic light control at urban intersections through photoelectric acquisition, data analysis, data processing, and module control. Its objective is to efficiently and effectively address the issue of traffic congestion at intersections, providing a solution for the development of intelligent urban transportation.

ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ БУХГАЛТЕРСКОГО УЧЕТА В ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ И ЕГО ГАРМОНИЗАЦИЯ

The paper examines the issues of using accounting tools necessary to systematize information on the performance of economic entities of various groups: commercial organizations of the real sector; non-profit organizations of the real and public sectors; organizations of the budgetary sphere; taking into account the possibility of its harmonization in order to bring together the methodology of national accounting for external and internal control of the reliability of information. The characteristics of the main accounting tools are given, taking into account the content of the requirements of modern legal regulation. The methodological basis of the work was general scientific principles and research methods: analysis and synthesis, logical linking, systematization. The author’s position on the issue of harmonization of accounting tools for economic entities of various groups in relation to accounts and accounting registers is presented. The proposed structure of the accounting account is based on the structure of the budget accounting account, since its structure is more suitable for detailing information that can be used for management purposes, which is especially important in modern conditions. Accounting registers can be harmonized based on those used in the public sector. Transaction journals group information in a chronological and systematic manner based on the source document, indicating its number and date, which is preferable from the point of view of internal control. For commercial organizations, they can also be generated in an accounting program. The need to harmonize accounting tools is due to the fact that federal standards for the commercial sector and the public sector implement the same principles of accounting and reporting. Conceptual approaches to accounting are disclosed in the Law «On Accounting», establishing the same accounting rules for the same objects of accounting supervision. The proposed author’s approach to the harmonization of accounting tools for various groups of economic entities, and its use to reflect information about accounting objects, can be implemented in the process of improving legal regulation in order to control the activities of commercial organizations, especially those that receive funding from state budget. The main results obtained by the author make it possible to standardize information processing algorithms in the digital environment.

INFORMATION CAPABILITIES OF THE TRANSITION FUNCTION OF THE HYDROGEN STORAGE AND SUPPLY SYSTEM GAS GENERATOR TO ASSESS ITS FIRE HAZARD LEVEL

To estimate the level of fire hazard of hydrogen storage and supply systems, it is advisable to use reliability indicators, in particular, of their core element, which is a gas generator. Such indicators include indicators of amplitude and phase reliability of the gas generator, which are determined through the Laplace function. The arguments of this function are the relative errors of the parameters of the gas generator, which are determined by its transition function. Three options for determining the parameters of the gas generator have been developed, the feature of which is obtaining information about its parameters at two a priori given moments. The magnitudes of these moments do not exceed the time of the transient process. In the a priori specified moments, the values of the transient fraction are measured (option 1), and the values of its derivative (option 2) or the value of the integral of the transient function (option 3) are additionally measured. Algorithms for processing the received information have been developed for all options, the implementation of which ensures the determination of gas generator parameters. In terms of its structure, the second option for determining gas generator parameters is the simplest, which has 1.5 times fewer arithmetic operations compared to the first option. In addition, the second option for determining the parameters of the gas generator is invariant to the value of the time parameters that determine the measurement moments. The results of determining the parameters of the gas generator and their nominal values are used to determine the arguments of the Laplace functions. We have specified that when determining the parameters of the gas generator, the complexing method can be used, which involves the implementation of all three information processing algorithms. As an example of the second option of determining gas generator parameters, the structural diagram of the algorithm is presented. We have emphasised that the implementation of the developed algorithms for determining the parameters of the gas generator has no subjective factor associated with the use of expert judgments. Keywords: gas generator, fire hazard level, transition function.

Automated models of visual information processing

The article presents a study devoted to the development and research of an automated model of visual information processing. The goal of the research was to create a comprehen-sive model capable of automatically processing and analyzing various forms of visual data, such as images and videos. The model is developed on the basis of a combined approach that combines various algorithms and methods of visual information processing. The literature review conducted within the scope of this study allowed us to study the existing methods and algorithms for visual information processing. Various image processing approaches were analyzed, including segmentation, pattern recognition, object classification and detection, video analysis, and other aspects. As a result of the review, the advantages and limitations of each approach were identified, as well as the areas of their application were determined. The developed model showed high accuracy and efficiency in visual data processing. It can suc-cessfully cope with the tasks of segmentation, recognition and classification of objects, as well as video analysis. The results of the study confirmed the superiority of the proposed model. Potential applications of the automated model are considered, such as medicine, robotics, security, and many others. However, limitations of the model such as computational resource requirements and quality of input data are also noted. Further development of this research can be aimed at optimizing the model, adapting it to specific tasks and expanding its func-tionality. In general, the study confirms the importance of automated models of visual infor-mation processing and its important place in modern technologies. The results of the research can be useful for the development of new systems based on visual data processing and con-tribute to progress in the field of computer vision and artificial intelligence.

Tensometric measurement system for experimental research of mechanisms, machines and robots

The paper shows a tensometric measurement system for the experimental research of mechanisms, machines and robots. The tensometric measuring system is built on the basis of intelligent digital sensors of the ZETSENSOR series with a CAN interface. The information processing algorithm and the visualization of the measured signals is carried out using the ZETLAB SENSOR software. The tensometric measurement system is used to determine such parameters as: displacement, forces, deformations and stresses in the links of mechanisms, machines and robots. A tensometric measurement system was used for the experimental study of the crank press. The obtained experimental results confirmed the simplicity and convenience of its use for dynamic measurements.

Effective detection algorithm of electronic information and signal processing based on multi-sensor data fusion

Appropriate vibration diagnostics when cutting a variety of products is critical for cutting quality and scrap and consumables reduction. Collecting and combining data from various sensors allows for real-time data collection during processing for system monitoring. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for effectively diagnosing milling machine vibrations using multi-sensor data fusion. It is proposed that sound and frequency signals be preprocessed to isolate specific vibration features, and then classified and aggregated for a complete vibration diagnostics system. After preliminary wavelet signal conversion, a deep belief network has been developed for each sensor to classify vibration features. When combining classification results, the fuzzy Choquet integral algorithm is used. Thus, a comprehensive judgment is obtained. It has been demonstrated that for neural networks, 100 epochs are sufficient for learning to take place. It has been discovered that the accuracy of classification and inference of the correct solution increases from 75% to 98% as the number of vibration feature combinations increases. When compared to the Dempster-Schafer evidence theory, the fuzzy integral fusion algorithm provides a high level of vibration detection accuracy of up to 98.7%. The resulting diagnostic procedure is simple and effective. It can be used to control the cutting process on machine tools in industrial settings. Improvements to the scheme are suggested, including the use of intelligent technologies to automate the process.

System-Information and Cognitive Technologies of Man-Made Infrastructure Cyber Security

The complication of technological processes due to the modernization of complex technological processes aggregates with a distributed spatial infrastructure requires the use of new control systems and computer and information network technologies. Accordingly, this poses the problem of revising the basic concepts of information-measuring systems building, developing software and hardware for the implementation of the target management process. This requires development of new approaches to presentation, processing, and display of data about the aggregates state of energy-active objects and the entire information structure. For management under threat conditions, it is necessary to take into account the features of the information infrastructure, data selection and processing methods, methods and algorithms for classifying the situation, which are formed from blocks of data obtained from each unit and the technological process as a whole. Information about the current state of system and infrastructure is necessary for the formation, adoption and implementation of management decisions which is the basis for coordination strategies synthesis. Appropriate target orientation, reasonable indicators of real process trajectories divergence from the target state determine the probability of object attack. Knowledge and decision-making procedures for the coordination of managerial actions is based on the strategic target orientation of the structure, their professionalism and the level of intellectual, cognitive and scientific training which is the basis for correct situation interpretation of countermeasures against threats formation. In the event of active threats complex on man-made systems in a certain region (resource, cognitive, system, information) and natural disasters or military operations, the threats lead to active destruction or failure of the production process. In order to functionally withstand related production structures, when loyal to the industrial relations concept, they need to integrate at the strategic management level on common goal basis to reduce risks. If necessary, to increase sustainability, they can be integrated at operational management level using interconnections at the production and resource levels. To do this, it is necessary to develop a strategic and goal-oriented management system behaviour line, which requires informational and intelligent data processing at the highest level using cognitive creative methods. For each level of the infrastructure hierarchy, oriented towards strategic goals in the global infrastructure dynamic environment, methods of assessing the situation to detect failures and the actions of attacks have been developed, based on which countermeasures are formed depending on the type of threats.

Smart Clothing System With Multiple Sensors Based on Digital Twin Technology

Smart clothing is widely used for social safety, health monitoring, and sports monitoring. Current research focuses on the use of various materials or sensors to implement smart clothes with different functions, which implies that the functionality of smart clothing depends on the number of sensors used. For existing smart clothing systems, the greatest attention has been given to information processing algorithms and assembly of sensors, and the interaction between users and systems is ignored. To address this gap, this article considers a multifunctional smart clothing system constructed with several sensors. The smart clothing system proposed in this article mainly consists of a hardware module and a software module. Four types of sensors are incorporated into the hardware module to monitor the heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, body temperature, locating information, and activity states; the software module includes the 3-D model based on the user and the feedback system based on digital twin (DT) technology. The DT technology can map the fundamental states of users in terms of the monitoring indices from the hardware module, and give correspondent advice to users. This novel smart clothing system overcomes the lack of an interaction function in existing methods and introduces DT technology into smart wearable devices for the first time.

Hinged Set of Guidance of a Controlled Fire-extinguishing Bomb

The guidance system of a fire-extinguishing bomb in the form of a hinged guidance kit is considered, which turns the bomb into a simple and fairly cheap fire-extinguishing device of the "throw and forget" type, optimized for mass production and use. In order to increase the accuracy of dropping a fire-extinguishing bomb, it is proposed to install a cheap high-precision and compact GPS navigation satellite system and a strapdown inertial system on an ordinary fire-extinguishing bomb. The algorithm of complex information processing of their systems, built on the basis of the improved method of the mutual compensation, in which for improve the quality of the error estimation procedure, the sluggishness of second-order Butterworth filters is compensated is proposed. The guidance system controls the trajectory of the fire-extinguishing bomb as a means of "first strike" and this increases the efficiency of further use of traditional flood systems by 50...70 times.

Information Processing Algorithms in the Steel-Teeming Ladles Tracking System in Steelmaking

Purpose of research. The purpose of research is to increase the efficiency of control over the movement of steel ladles in steelmaking, through the development of mathematical and software.Methods. The control of the movement of steel-pouring ladles can be divided into 2 parts: the first is the object detection in the image from a camera located on a certain section of the route, followed by determining the position of the object in the frame, and the second part is identification based on an array of data from different systems. Methods used in research are: mathematical modeling, neural networks, the basics of the theory of algorithms construction, as well as software and hardware of modern computer technologies. The article describes a model for the routes generation for the movement of steel ladles, on the basis of which the control of the movement of steel ladles is carried out. Algorithmic support is a combination of such algorithms as: an algorithm for generating possible routes for moving steel ladles, an algorithm for determining the position of a steel ladle on a route for moving steel ladles, an algorithm for identifying a steel ladle and a generalized algorithm for processing information. The structuralfunctional organization of the tracking system for steel-pouring ladles in steel-smelting production is given.Results. Experimental verification of algorithmic support was carried out on a test data set, which was formed from real technological data. Adaptation and tuning of the algorithms and software will make it possible to apply this software system in steelmaking plants with a different composition of plant units.Conclusion. Control over the movement of steel ladles allows build the process so that the movement of liquid steel will cause minimal heat loss. The need to heat steel in secondary processing units is correlates with energy costs. Thus, reducing heat loss and downtime of steel ladles will reduce energy costs for the entire process.

Approach and Algorithm for Evaluating the Allowed Signal/Noise Ratio of Robotic Lidars under External Influences

Purpose or research. The aim of the study is to ensure the safe operation of robotics by developing methods, approaches and algorithms for information processing, and describing their functioning.Methods. The paper proposes an approach to estimation allowed signal/noise ratio (SNR) for robotic LiDARs based on the predetermined probability of occurrence of «false alarm» under unintended influences. The synthesized probabilistic approach is based on the physical fundaments of infrared radiation, and the Bayesian theory using the Neyman-Pearson criterion. The feature of the proposed approach is the use of the given threshold of «false alarm» occurrence, and the probability of occurrence of interference in the analytical apparatus, as well as consideration of the characteristics of photodetectors. This allows expressing analytically and calculating the value of the allowed SNR when stabilizing the level of «false alarms» against background noise caused by this type of interference.Results. The formed and presented dependencies can be used as one of the operating characteristics in the development and selection of optoelectronic system of LiDAR’s measurement system. Based on the fixed value of «false alarm», and the resulting graphical expression of the operating characteristic (obtained characteristics) it is possible to choose a LiDARs system with necessary technical parameters.Conclusion. The probabilistic approach and the corresponding algorithm for selecting the threshold SNR value based on the Neyman-Pearson criterion were developed. The approach allows minimizing the probability of «ignoring» the object when scanning, since the probability of «false alarm» does not exceed the given threshold value. Mathematical and methodological support for the design of LiDARs is presented, taking into account a priori estimation of the allowed SNR value, and the probability of reflected pulse detection, without preliminary estimates of probabilistic characteristics of object detection. The presented algorithm has a set of raw data (in the form of the values of the received signal with a noise component) as an input. Its output is represented by a set of error probability dependencies for different SNR thresholds.

The Coupled Reactance-Less Memristor Based Relaxation Oscillators for Binary Oscillator Networks

This paper discusses the application of coupled reactance-less memristor-based oscillators (MBO) with binary output signals in oscillatory networks. A class of binary-coupled memristor oscillators provides simple integration with standard CMOS logic elements. Combining MBOs with binary logic elements ensures the operation of complex information processing algorithms. The analysis of the simplest networks based on MBOs is performed. The typical reactance-less MBO with current and potential inputs is considered. The output responses for input control signals are analyzed. It is shown that the current input signal impacts primarily the rate of memristor resistance variation, while the potential input signal changes the thresholds. The exploit of the potential input for the synchronization of coupled MBOs and current control input in order to provide the necessary encoding of information is suggested. The example of the application of coupled MBOs in oscillatory networks is given, and results of simulation are presented.

Information Processing Algorithms in Tasks of Monitoring and Predicting the State of Cryogenic Equipment

Information Processing Algorithms in Tasks of Monitoring and Predicting the State of Cryogenic Equipment