Algerian Children Research Articles

Ferienlager gegen die Rebellion. Jumelages und Colonies de vacances im Algerienkrieg (1959–1962)

Holiday Camps against the Rebellion. Jumelages and Colonies de vacances in the Algerian War (1959–1962) The article discusses a still unexplored aspect of the Algerian War (1954–1962). Due to the Algerian question, the French government increasingly came under international and domestic pressure. Starting in 1959, Paris therefore began to establish a broad network of partnerships involving the Algerian arrondissements and the départements of metropolitan France. These Franco-Algerian co-operations were called partnerships and were organised in close consultation with the local representatives in metropolitan France. They should facilitate the colonial propaganda at the regional level. Furthermore, they created the framework, which allowed shortterm stays of over 8000 Algerian children in holiday camps in French twin-départements. The purpose of these undertakings was both to strengthen the relationships between Algeria and metropolitan France, and to maintain the colonial status quo, which were both threatened by the Algerian War.

Mediterranean spotted fever in Algerian children

Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is a potentially life-threatening zoonosis caused by Rickettsia conorii and transmitted by the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus [1]. Although MSF is one of the oldest recognised rickettsioses, there have been few reports about this rickettsiosis in North Africa [1,2]. The present work on MSF cases occurring in children is a subset of a larger study conducted within all age categories.

Changes in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and thinness in Algerian children between 2001 and 2006

Annual cross-sectional studies were performed between 2001 and 2006 in Algeria in order to evaluate the nutritional status and determine the changes in prevalence of categories of nutritional status, according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria for overweight and obesity and Cole's criteria for thinness. A total of 19 263 children aged 6 to 10 years originating from three economically different areas were enrolled in the study. The overall prevalence of thinness decreased from 34.3% (95% CI: 32.4-36.2) to 24.5% (95% CI: 22.6-26.4) (p<0.0001). Overweight, including obesity, increased from 6.8% (95% CI: 5.7-7.8) to 9.5% (95% CI: 8.2-10.8) (p=0.001) mainly due to overweight excluding obesity. Children in urban areas showed the most marked decrease in thinness and increase in overweight as opposed to those from rural areas where overweight and obesity remained stable over time.

Changes in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and thinness in Algerian children between 2001 and 2006

Changes in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and thinness in Algerian children between 2001 and 2006

Behavioral and emotional problems of Algerian children and adolescents as reported by parents

To determine the level of behavioral and emotional problems among a sample of Algerian children and adolescents aged 6-18 years living in Algiers. A school-based sample of 1,405 children and adolescents was recruited; problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist filled out by parents or surrogates. The scores varied with age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES). Contrary to findings in other samples, most Problem scores increased with age. As found in many other cultures, girls scored higher than boys on the Internalizing scales, but lower on Externalizing scales. Youths from lower socioeconomic families tended to score higher on some Problem scales. But, above all, Algerian children and adolescents had raw scores on all Problem scales much higher than those yielded by most previous cross-cultural studies. The high level of problems may be attributable to traumatic environmental factors (terrorism and natural catastrophes), but the lack of data from countries that have similar geographic and cultural environments makes it hard to exclude explanations based on cultural factors.

A plasmid-mediated CMY-2 beta-lactamase from an Algerian clinical isolate of Salmonella senftenberg.

Multiresistance to antibiotics including beta-lactams, e.g. cefoxitin, was transferred by conjugation to Escherichia coli strain C1a from a clinical isolate of Salmonella senftenberg recovered from stools of an Algerian child. The susceptibility pattern to beta-lactams was similar to the profile mediated by an AmpC-type beta-lactamase. By biochemical analysis, typical AmpC-type enzyme substrate and inhibition profiles were obtained. Finally, an ampC plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase gene was cloned and sequenced. Its deduced amino acid sequence confirmed its identity as a class C beta-lactamase. It showed 99.5% sequence identity with the plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase CMY-2. The differences in the amino acid sequences of the two enzymes were located in the signal peptide.

Abdomen aigu chirurgical : un mode de révélation rare de kyste hydatique hépatique

Hepatic hydatid disease is an uncommon surgical emergency. We report an observation and its diagnosis and treatment. Case report. – An algerian child consulted in emergency unit for appendicitis syndrome. The surgeon discovered an opened hydatid liver cyst. He performed a cystectomy associated with post-operative chemotherapy. Discussion. – Hepatic hydatid disease is frequent in endemic zone. If not complicated, it is often revealed by hepatomegaly. The diagnosis is radiological and mainly serological. Management is medicosurgical. Conclusion. – Prognosis depends on early surgical management. Long-time serological and echographic follow-up is required.

SHV-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in a Shigella flexneri clinical isolate.

A Shigella flexneri isolate resistant to oxyimino-cephalosporins was recovered from a stool sample of a 16 month-old Algerian child hospitalized in Paris, France. This isolate harboured an SHV-2 beta-lactamase gene located on a c. 80 kb self-transferable plasmid. This is the first report of an Ambler class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Shigella spp.

A plasmid-mediated CMY-2 β-lactamase from an Algerian clinical isolate of Salmonella senftenberg

Multiresistance to antibiotics including β-lactams, e.g. cefoxitin, was transferred by conjugation to Escherichia coli strain C1a from a clinical isolate of Salmonella senftenberg recovered from stools of an Algerian child. The susceptibility pattern to β-lactams was similar to the profile mediated by an AmpC-type β-lactamase. By biochemical analysis, typical AmpC-type enzyme substrate and inhibition profiles were obtained. Finally, an ampC plasmid-encoded β-lactamase gene was cloned and sequenced. Its deduced amino acid sequence confirmed its identity as a class C β-lactamase. It showed 99.5% sequence identity with the plasmid-mediated β-lactamase CMY-2. The differences in the amino acid sequences of the two enzymes were located in the signal peptide.

168 A CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL OF YOGURT VS MILK IN YOUNG CHILDREN WITH ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEA

By tradition, milk is frequently replaced by yogurt in children with diarrhoea. The beneficial effect of this feeding regime has been confirmed in persistent diarrhoea, in some cases of chronic diarrhoea and in the prevention of diarrhoea at weaning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of this tradition in acute diarrhoea, with a special interest in rotavirus infection known to alter intestinal absorption. Between July 1993 and September 1995, a total of 112 Algerian children between 3 and 23 months of age were randomly assigned, after appropriate rehydration, to receive an infant formula (group IF, n=56) or yogurt made with the same IF fermented with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (group Y, n=56). Both formulas were comparable in terms of lactose concentration (40 to 42 g/l), pH (4.5), flavor (banana) and texture (addition of 3% corn starch in infant formula). Both groups were stratified according to the presence of rotavirus in stools. The consumption of oral rehydration solution (ORS), water and formulas, stool number and consistency, and duration of diarrhoea were measured. The statistical analysis (parametric and non-parametric) was carried out on all the included children. Results: Prior to inclusion in the study, children in both groups were initially similar with regards to age, sex, previous episodes of diarrhoea, type of feeding, presence of fever, and treatment with ORS and drugs. Rotavirus was found in 37 and 35 cases, in group Y and IF respectively. Formula intake (103 ± 7 ml/kg 24hrs in group IF and 110 ± 10 in group Y) and water + ORS intake (98 ± 9 ml/Kg 24hrs in IF and 128 ± 13 in Y group) were similar in both groups. The mean duration of diarrhoea was reduced from 65 ± 5 hours in group IF to 44 ± 5 in group Y (P<0.01). At 48 hours the probability of resolving the acute diarrhoeal conditions was significantly greater in patients receiving Y (64%) than in those on IF (35%; P<0.01). The beneficial effect was more apparent in group of patients with rotavirus (68% in group Y vs 27% in group IF, P<0.01). In conclusion, in young children with acute watery diarrhoea, yogurt compared to infant formula feeding significantly and markedly reduced the duration of liquid stool excretion. The beneficial effect of yogurt was more pronounced in children infected with rotavirus.

A cross-national comparison of Algerian and French children's economic socialization

The aim of this article is to compare children's economic socialization in two different countries and to highlight some of the major common points and differences, taking into account the social, economic and political situation in the two countries. From the analysis which follows it appears that the development of economic concepts among Algerian children is very similar to that of French children. Nevertheless, Algerian children have a better understanding of prices, monetary exchanges, of the general economic mechanism of production and profit, and of the functioning and role of their social-economic system, particularly of their government's influence concerning employment and unemployment. French children tend to be more often unable to answer the questions but when they do answer they give a wider range of responses; they seem to have a better understanding and reasoning about the purpose of taxes, seeing them both from the point of view of the individual and of society.

Education in French Algeria: An Essay on Cultural Conflict

THE ATTEMPT BY FRANCE to control Algeria through the assimilation of Algerians into French culture was no more clearly demonstrated than in the field of education. The imposition of French educational norms and the denial to the Algerian of his legitimate cultural identity through controls of language, curriculum, and methods of instruction revealed the colonialist policy in its most destructive aspect. The French supplanted Arab educational values and moved to effect and maintain Algerian subordination through structural changes of precolonial education and implicit challenges to the spirit and direction of this education. Naturally enough, Algerians resisted French inroads into their own Islamic civilization. This resistance, whether passive or violent, as well as the French effort to dominate by changing Algerians, determined the course of social and intellectual history in colonial Algeria. On another level and until France was about to abandon her domination of Algeria, the French never built enough schools to educate more than a small minority of school-age Algerian children. Until 1962 the French colonial administration dominated education, not only the places of institutional learning, but also the varied other social activities generally thought to be a part of education. French colonial schools attempted to instill into European and Algerian youths the basic skills needed for a somewhat underdeveloped industrial society and to pass on the traditional beliefs.' By 1962 certainly, and probably somewhat earlier, nationalists and imperialists all wanted the young to acquire the technical training needed to achieve success in the modern industrial world. But the antagonists fought hard and long over the second objective of education in colonial schools. The dominated Algerians wanted independence for themselves. The dominant European settlers wanted to maintain their imperial advantages. Any common conventional wisdom or traditional beliefs in such a contest of antagonistic opponents is difficult to find.2 By 1830, when France attacked Algeria, western European pre-eminence in power, based on industrial progress, was already clear. Hence it was not too difficult for the French to conquer Algeria in a military and political sense. But Algerians, who fought bitterly against often overwhelming odds, did not readily admit defeat. They simply chose to fight in realms other than those of soldiers or politics. Until the 1880's, perhaps even up to World War I, Algerian resistance centered around a determined refusal to be affected by the conqueror's culture and