Region Of Algeria Research Articles

GC-MS analysis, phytochemical composition of Hertia cheirifolia L. essential oil with pharmacological assessments: antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.

The genus Hertia, which belongs to the Asteraceae family, is a flowering genus with 12 species found in Africa, North and South. Among the species present in Algeria, Hertia cheirifolia L. is distributed in the eastern regions of Algeria. The aim of this study is to evaluate its phytochemical composition with following pharmacological assessments: the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of Hertia cheirifolia L. essential oil (EO). GC-MS analysis was used to analyze the chemical constituents of H. cheirifolia essential oil. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH, FRAP, and H2O2 tests. The EO was also tested for its ability to inhibit six strains of microorganisms, including two Gram (+) and four Gram (-) strains. The antifungal activity was tested by analyzing the effect of the EO on the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) fungi. Results showed that primary volatile components were α-pinene (32.59%), 2-(1-cyclopent-1-enyl-1-methylethyl) cyclopentanone (14.62%), (-)-germacrene D (11.37%), and bakkenolide A (9.57%). H. cheirifolia EO showed inhibitory effects against DPPH, H2O2, and FRAP (IC50 = 0.34 ± 0.1, 0.053 ± 0.1, and 0.047 ± 0.01 mg mL-1, respectively). The EO also exhibited moderate antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (S. aureus), Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (S. pneumoniae), and Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 (E. aerogenes), as well as significant antioxidant potential and varied antifungal activity based on dosage and fungal strain. To our knowledge, no previous research has examined the antifungal capacity of H. cheirifolia oil and oil-mycelial development of the FOL relationship. To fully explore the benefits of H. cheirifolia EO, more in vivo research is necessary, along with more testing on other bacterial and fungal strains.

Clinical profile of FTL3-ITD mutation in West Algerian population with acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the abnormal and rapid growth of cells. The mutation of the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand gene (FLT3-ITD) represents an important factor in the prognosis of AML. The objective of this study was to determine for the first time the prevalence of FLT3-ITD mutation in west Algerian AML patients. A total of 160 AML patients were genotyped for FLT3-ITD mutation by using polymerase chain reaction. FLT3-ITD mutation was detected in 13% of patients. Mutation rates show no significant difference in the distribution of sex and age. A positive association was found between this mutation and a higher leukocyte and blast cells counts. We also found that the M3 and M5 subtype were the commonest in the FLT3 mutated group. This preliminary study provides first-time prevalence estimates for FLT3-ITD mutation in acute myeloid leukemia patients from the West region of Algeria.

Genetic characterization of the prion protein gene in camels (Camelus) with comments on the evolutionary history of prion disease in Cetartiodactyla.

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a fatal neurogenerative disease that include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, scrapie in sheep and goats, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and several others as well as the recently described camel prion disease (CPD). CPD originally was documented in 3.1% of camels examined during an antemortem slaughterhouse inspection in the Ouargla region of Algeria. Of three individuals confirmed for CPD, two were sequenced for the exon 3 of the prion protein gene (PRNP) and were identical to sequences previously reported for Camelus dromedarius. Given that other TSEs, such as BSE, are known to be capable of cross-species transmission and that there is household consumption of meat and milk from Camelus, regulations to ensure camel and human health should be a One Health priority in exporting countries. Although the interspecies transmissibility of CPD currently is unknown, genotypic characterization of Camelus PRNP may be used for predictability of predisposition and potential susceptibility to CPD. Herein, eight breeds of dromedary camels from a previous genetic (mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites) and morphological study were genotyped for PRNP and compared to genotypes from CPD-positive Algerian camels. Sequence data from PRNP indicated that Ethiopian camels possessed 100% sequence identity to CPD-positive camels from Algeria. In addition, the camel PRNP genotype is unique compared to other members of the Orders Cetartiodactyla and Perissodactyla and provides an in-depth phylogenetic analysis of families within Cetartiodactyla and Perissodactyla that was used to infer the evolutionary history of the PRNP gene.

Assessing the Thermal Efficiency of Horizontal Air-Ground Heat Exchangers for Heating and Cooling Buildings in the Northwestern Algeria Region

Assessing the Thermal Efficiency of Horizontal Air-Ground Heat Exchangers for Heating and Cooling Buildings in the Northwestern Algeria Region

Effect of application of urban sewage sludge as organic amendment on germination and growth of Retama monospermain Oran region of Algeria

Appropriate disposal of huge amount of sewage sludge generated in urban areas pose a serious threat to the environment. The urban wastewater treatment sludge has the potential as mineral organic amendment strategy in th fight against wind erosion through planting of Retama monosperma in Algeria. In the present study, the sewage sludge was sampled at the Bousfer –Oran wastewater treatment plant, and amended with different cultivation substrates. Further, its influence on the growth of young R. monosperma, plants, with an aim to replant them at sandy littoral deposits. The preliminary results of our work showed that the replanting of young Retamaplants in the substrate formed by a mixture of mud and limestone showed improved growth compared to the fourteen other substrates tested, from the point of view of structure, texture and fertilizing abilities.The sample of a mixture of clay and mud had a compact structure for the seeds to germinate. However, the growth of young plants transplanted into the latter was found to be improved giving an acceptable result considering the contributions of this organic amendment.

Occurrence and diversity of barley yellow dwarf virus in Algeria

AbstractCereals are prone to viral infections and the economic impact of these has increased in recent years. Among these diseases barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is one of the most destructive diseases of cereals today. For three consecutive years (2014–2015–2016) surveys were carried out in order to search for BYDV species (BYDV-PAV and -MAV) as well as other cereal viruses, wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV), southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) and barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) in seven regions of Algeria (Algiers, Boumerdes, Tipaza Médéa, Adrar, Khenchla and Batna).Targeted samples were taken randomly from plants of different cereal species (wheat, barley, oats). The sample were analyzed by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR.The results of ELISA and PCR tests showed the presence of BYDV-PAV in barley, durum wheat, soft wheat and oats. Thus, this viral species were found in all the cereal regions surveyed (North, South, East and West).Seven samples (durum wheat, barley and oats) were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses performed revealed that the Algerian sequences clustered in group I and group II.

Time-dependent and spatio-temporal statistical analysis of seismicity: application on the complete data set of the 2010 Beni–Ilmane earthquake sequence

SUMMARY The Beni–Ilmane (BI) seismic sequence, situated in the north-central region of Algeria, began on 2010 May 14 with a main shock of ML 5.4 followed by two other shocks on May 16 and 23 of ML 5.3 for both. Using the complete data set from May 14 to August 31 and the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequences (ETAS) model to separate background from aftershocks contribution gave a first insight around the uncertainty that surrounds the causes and mechanisms of the seismicity. According to our findings, two phases have been determined, the first one, beginning from May 14, shows low b- and p-values with most of the seismicity being self-triggered. In contrast, the second phase, beginning from May 23, demonstrates an increase of both the b- and p-values with a high number of background events. In the second phase, the background contribution involves 53 per cent of all seismic activity after May 23’s peak which is high compared to typical main shock–aftershocks sequences. A possible explanation is that the main shocks began or assisted aseismic processes in addition to causing aftershocks. A sealed source at depth may have been broken by the third main shock, opening the way for the following incursion of highly pressurized fluids (hydrocarbures) confirmed by a high Vp/Vs ratios.

Photovoltaic module augmented by commercial reflectors in Southern Algeria: Comparison between different reflective materials

Even though the southeast region of Algeria, especially Ouargla city, enjoys a lot of sunshine all over the year, fixed photovoltaic (PV) solar panels are not sufficient due to two main reasons. Firstly, these panels are unable to capture sunlight during the early morning and late afternoon, and secondly, their efficiency is low, requiring the use of economical methods to enhance their performance. To overcome these limitations, this research suggests incorporating commercial reflectors to enhance sunlight capture. Furthermore, this paper compares the effects of three types of reflective materials: mirrors, aluminium, and transparent glass, on the performance of the PV module. To achieve this objective, reflectors are installed at the top and bottom of the PV module at their optimal tilt angles. Moreover, the effect of the adjacent module's mirrors was studied by installing two big mirrors (3X). The obtained results show an average improvement of 14.24 %, 11.41 %, and 4.7 % in the electrical energy generated by the PV panel with mirrors, aluminium, and transparent glass, respectively, compared to the module without reflectors. Subsequently, in the large mirror case, the results were positive, with an average 20.84 % increase in the maximal electrical power produced compared to the conventional one.

Study of the efficacy of spraying fructose to enhance resistance of chili culture to thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) in a greenhouse in Biskra, Algeria

ABSTRACT Thrips are insect pests that threaten pepper crops. This study, conducted in the arid Biskra region of Algeria, evaluated the impact of applying infra-doses of fructose at the concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ppm) on enhancing the resistance of chilli pepper plants to thrips. We monitored the population of thrips after 24, 48, 72 hours, 7 and 21 days post treatment application for each concentration. The same infra-doses were re-applied using the same protocol. The data revealed that spraying fructose at 100 ppm was the most effective, reducing thrips population significantly after 48 hours (F = 61.383, P < 0.05), resulting in an average of 52 ± 10.56 adult thrips per plant.

SPATIOTEMPORAL PROJECTIONS OF EXTREME TEMPERATURE INDICES OVER ALGERIA USING CMIP6-GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS

We assess in this paper the spatiotemporal projections of extreme temperature indices over Algeria derived from the adjusted multi-model ensemble mean (MME) data derived from 11 daily historical simulations of CMIP6-GCMs models that participated in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). The projected spatial patterns of 12 extreme temperature indices defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices are assessed for two future time periods: the mid-future 2041–2070 and the far future 2071–2100, relative to the baseline period 1985–2014 and under three Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP) scenarios: low emission SSP1-2.6; medium emission SSP2-4.5 and high emission scenario (SSP5-8.5). The selected climate indices reflect the intensity (TXx, TNx, TXn, TNn and DTR), frequency (TX90p and TN10p) and duration (WSDI, SU, CSDI, TR and FD) of the extreme thermal events. The MME Projections show a global heightened warming over Algeria. Future Climate features depict a continuous increase in the occurrence of hot days by the end of the century reaching 60% for SSP5-8.5 and an amplification of the intensity of the extreme temperature of about 6∘C for SSP5-8.5 and an extension of the heat wave duration period of about 80 days in the north and 100 days in the south of the country compared to the historical period. However, the study shows a projected simultaneous decline in the cold spell duration of 7 days and in the frost days reaching 25 days. A stabilization of the upsurge trend is remarkably observed for most indices under SSP1-2.6 starting from the 2050s. The future changes depicted in this study should help to assess the distribution of the impacts across different regions of Algeria in order to enhance resilience, establish the appropriate adaptation responses and improve disaster preparedness.

Species delimitation and molecular phylogeny of the grasshopper subfamily Gomphocerinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Algeria based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers

Gomphocerinae grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are generally characterised by their polymorphism and cryptic diversity, which can be confusing when relying on morphological identification alone. DNA taxonomy serves as a powerful molecular tool for species identification and biodiversity assessment. In the context of zoogeography and the biodiversity conservation of animal resources in ecosystems, DNA barcoding data for Algerian Gomphocerinae fauna remains limited in global databases, despite their agroeconomic and environmental importance. Therefore, in this study, we collected various species of this subfamily from the Biskra region in Algeria and conducted DNA barcoding analysis, employing different molecular species delimitation methods (the automatic barcode gap discovery, assemble species by automatic partitioning, single-threshold general mixed Yule coalescent model, Bayesian Poisson tree process and multi-rate Poisson tree process methods), as well as phylogenetic analyses (maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference) based on two molecular markers (COI and ITS). The results of the 163 newly generated sequences demonstrated that DNA barcoding technology is highly efficient and valuable for species identification in the subfamily Gomphocerinae, showing strong congruence with morphological evidence for 12 species, including eight species that were sequenced for the first time. This study also reported a new record of the genus Stenohippus Uvarov, 1926 in Algeria, comprising two species. Additionally, taxonomic revision allowed the species Dociostaurus biskrensis Moussi & Petit, 2014, to be transferred to the genus Stenohippus. Molecular tree analyses revealed the phylogenetic positions of the newly sequenced species within the subfamily Gomphocerinae and provided insights into their evolutionary relationships. These new data serve as a starting point for future research in other geographical areas, enabling a better understanding of the biodiversity of this insect group in Algeria.

Dynamic simulation and optimisation of a solar heating system for rural houses in Algeria

This work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of solar heating of a stand-alone house located in a continental climate region in Algeria. The design and optimisation of this system are based on dynamic simulations of a typical rural house using a TRNSYS-Fortran program. To manage all the subsystems composing the heating system, a pertinent control strategy is adopted. Using 2.8-m3 storage tanks, the optimal solar share in meeting the annual thermal needs of the house is 46%. Besides, an energy-efficient design based on a local bio-composite thermal insulation material reduces the thermal energy needs of the house by 42%. The results of optimisation calculations are compared to experimental tests and show good agreement. For environmental impact, the study reveals that 39% of CO2 emissions can be avoided annually. Moreover, the economic cost of the system has been evaluated, and the results show that the payback period is 53 years.

Molecular detection and associated risk factors of Anaplasma marginale, A. ovis and A. platys in sheep from Algeria with evidence of the absence of A. phagocytophilum

Anaplasma species are obligate intracellular rickettsial pathogens that cause significant diseases in animals and humans. Despite their importance, limited information on Anaplasma infections in Algeria has been published thus far. This study aimed to assess the infection rate, characterize Anaplasma species, and identify associated risk factors in selected sheep farms across Oum El Bouaghi region in Algeria. In 2018, we collected 417 blood samples from sheep (Ovis aries) and performed molecular characterization of Anaplasma species infecting these animals. This characterization involved the use of 16S rRNA, msp2, rpoB, and msp5 genes, which were analyzed through nested PCR, qPCR, cPCR, DNA sequencing, and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. Our findings revealed infection rates of 12.7 % for Anaplasma species detected, with Anaplasma ovis at 10.8 %, Anaplasma marginale at 1.7 %, and Anaplasma platys at 0.2 %. Interestingly, all tested animals were found negative for Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Statistical analyses, including the Chi-square test and Fisher exact test, failed to establish any significant relationships (p > 0.05) between A. ovis and A. platys infections and variables such as age, sex, sampling season, and tick infestation level. However, A. marginale infection exhibited a significant association with age (p < 0.05), with a higher incidence observed in lambs (5.2 %) compared to other age groups. Remarkably, this study represents the first molecular detection of A. platys and A. marginale in Algerian sheep. These findings suggest that Algerian sheep may serve as potential reservoirs for these pathogens. This research contributes valuable insights into the prevalence and characteristics of Anaplasma infections in Algerian sheep populations, emphasizing the need for further investigation and enhanced surveillance to better understand and manage these diseases.

Enrichment of Algerian kaolin using froth flotation method

The objective of this research is to study the removal of coloring impurities from Algerian kaolin ore (Tamazert kaolin, TK) located in the eastern region of Algeria, utilizing froth flotation process. The results obtained from XRF, SEM, and XRD characterization demonstrate that this local material is an alumino-silicate containing kaolinite, along with impurities such as Fe2O3 (&gt; 2.7 % by weight) and TiO2 (0.28 % by weight) which contribute to its coloring. After homogenization, crushing and milling, several froth flotation tests were conducted on TK. The results revealed that Tamazert kaolin exhibits favorable performance with froth flotation, in order to improve its properties. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that all fractions can be treated effectively using froth flotation with an optimal mass yield (weight recovery) of 79.84 % in concentrate for the fraction of 20–40 μm. Iron and titanium, the main coloring impurities in Tamazert kaolin, were reduced from 2.7 % to 0.08 % by weight for Fe2O3 in the fraction 20-40 μm, and from 0.28 % to 0.04 % by weight for TiO2 in the same fraction, as determined by the optimum test. The significant reduction in coloring impurities (Fe2O3 and TiO2) achieved through the flotation process confirms that iron is present in a free state in Tamazert kaolin. It can be ultimately confirmed that the froth flotation process can be a potentially effective process to improve the quality of Tamazert kaolin ore by removing Fe2O3 and TiO2 with satisfactory results which meet the requirements of local companies.

Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria Capable of Hydrocarbon Biodegradation from the Soils of Hassi-Messaoud Region of Algeria

Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria Capable of Hydrocarbon Biodegradation from the Soils of Hassi-Messaoud Region of Algeria

Gross Anatomical, Histological, and Cytological Study of the One-humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Lymph Nodes in Southeastern Algeria

Background: The immune system of the dromedary has remained a subject that has not been extensively researched in immunology. Researchers in morphology and immunology have long sought to delve into the structure and function of the dromedary’s immune system to gain a deeper understanding of its mechanisms and potential applications in human and animal health. Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the histological architecture and cellular composition of the lymph nodes in the indigenous dromedary breed of the El Oued region in Algeria and to compare the results with those of prior investigations of lymph node structures in other mammalian species. Methods: Hematoxylin, eosin stain, and Masson’s trichrome stain techniques were used for histological analysis. In contrast, methylene blue, eosin, and May-Grünwald Giemsa staining techniques were used for cytological analysis. The study data were collected and analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods to identify the histological and cellular features of the lymph nodes. Results: Our study revealed that the lymphatic follicles in the dromedary’s lymph nodes have a higher concentration of lymphocytes within the follicles’ germinal center than other species. The lymph nodes were observed to be divided into conglomerates. The cytological study showed that the major cellular population consisted of lymphocytes, followed by macrophages and reticulocytes according to the localization and the functional zone. Conclusion: The study provided novel insights into the architecture and cellular composition of the lymph nodes of dromedaries, distinct from those of other species. These findings may have implications for the understanding and treatment of immune-related conditions in dromedaries.

Hybrid improved whales and sine cosine optimization algorithms for the optimal configuration of distribution networks in the presence of dispersed generation systems before, during, and after short circuit current propagation case study: overhead and underground networks in the laghouat region of Algeria

Hybrid improved whales and sine cosine optimization algorithms for the optimal configuration of distribution networks in the presence of dispersed generation systems before, during, and after short circuit current propagation case study: overhead and underground networks in the laghouat region of Algeria

First report of Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi causing foliar black spot on citrus leaves in orchards of Algeria

During pest and disease surveys in summer 2017, severe leaf drops were observed in four citrus orchards, two sweet orange (cvs Thompson Navel and Washington Navel) and two mandarin (cvs Nova and Oro Grande) orchards, located in Chlef, one of the most important citrus region in Algeria. Visual inspection of green dropped leaves and leaves on tree canopy revealed unusual symptoms consisting of greasy black protuberant spots on the abaxial side and yellowing on the adaxial surface. A quick survey was conducted to determine the incidence of the disease. The proportions of trees affected by the disease were 50 and 35% for the sweet orange and mandarin orchards, respectively. The incidence of the diseased leaves ranged from 30 to 60% for sweet orange, while 50–70% of leaves were symptomatic in the mandarin orchards. Morphological identification and a multi-locus sequencing approach associated this disease to the fungus Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi. Koch's postulates also confirmed N. ranunculi to be the causal agent. This is the first report of black spot symptoms caused by N. ranunculi on citrus in Algeria. The rapid spread of the disease since its first detection, poses a serious threat to the sustainability of citrus production in Algeria and calls for the implementation of urgent management actions.

Evaluation of Fatty Acid and the Composition of Six Different Species of Freshwater Fish in the North of Algeria

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Background: Few studies have been published about the quality of freshwater fish in Algeria. This study determined the chemical composition and the fatty acid of six species of freshwater fish cultivated in the North region of Algeria (Nile tilapia, red tilapia, common carp, Algerian barb, crucian carp, and mirror carp) as well as the nutritional quality of the lipids in these freshwater fish species.&#x0D; Methods: One hundred and ten freshwater fish were randomly caught in the spring of 2021 from Achor Ali farm (Jijel), Beni-Haroun Dam (Mila), and EL-Agrem Dam (Jijel) from Algeria. Moisture, ash, protein, lipid, and fatty acids were measured according to standard laboratory procedures and protocols of previous studies. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA (XLSTAT 2014), and the pair wise comparison of the means was done by Tukeys test at the 5% significance level (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Results: Regarding freshwater fish species, fatty acid profiles were discovered to have 38.94 to 57.75% Saturated Fatty Acids (SFAs), 29.35 to 46.63% Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFAs), and 6.79 to 26.55% Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs). Common carp was a rich resource of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid (EPA+DHA) (5.38%); the highest concentration of ω-3 was recorded in crusian carp (10.63%); and Nile tilapia contained significant levels of ω-6 PUFA. Results demonstrated that the examined freshwater fish species appeared to have a good nutritional value and be a source of important fatty acids with positive effects on consumer health. On the other hand, results revealed low levels of PUFAs.&#x0D; Conclusion: The examined freshwater fish species appeared to have a good nutritional value, but, it is important to provide diets rich in fatty acids, in particular PUFAs, to these freshwater fish to improve the nutritional quality of their lipids.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Antibody-Based Assessment of Coxiella burnetii Circulation in Algerian Goat Herds.

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), a pathogen with a high capability for infection. The disease primarily affects ruminants, leading to reproductive disorders, but can also be transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals or their products. In Algeria, Q fever is endemic, but little is known about the presence and circulation of C. burnetii in domestic goats. This study aimed to perform a multicentric serological analysis of C. burnetii antibodies in domestic goats from four provinces in the North East Region of Algeria. A total of 504 goat serum samples were collected from 77 herds, and serological analysis was performed using an indirect ELISA. The overall seroprevalence at the herd level was 35.06%, and 8.73% at the individual level. Herds with a history of abortions showed a high seropositivity rate of 88.9%. This research indicates the wide distribution of C. burnetii in goats in this region, suggesting the potential for zoonotic transmission to humans. Further studies and monitoring programs are essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of C. burnetii epidemiology in Algeria and to prevent or mitigate potential outbreaks. Awareness among practitioners and farmers is crucial to address this public health concern effectively.