Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Research Articles

BORROWINGS IN PEDAGOGICAL DISCOURSE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: FROM GRAPHICS TO NETWORK RESOURCES

The article discusses borrowing issues in pedagogical discourse associated with the emergence of new concepts and terms (anglicisms) in the modern Russian language. Penetration of English words in the third millennium of the 21st century happens due to a number of reasons. Thus, the main one, according to the authors, is strengthening of digitalization caused by transition to online learning in the context of a global pandemic. The article poses the problematic aspect of whether borrowed words are a random element in the modern Russian language or it is a challenge of the time. Constant change in the consciousness of humanity, promoting development of all spheres of life in the new reality, inevitably leads to changes in guidelines in the economy, politics, culture, and education. There is a need to revise the goals and objectives of the education and development of an individual who effectively uses the acquired knowledge in upgrading of all spheres of life. New reality requires new concepts to realize and decode unfamiliar phenomena, which leads to a change in scientific and educational paradigms, the emergence of new trends in education, and adaptation of thinking. Challenges of the present millennium force us to make attempts to find out the feasibility of the changes being made. Thus, the authors of the article analyzed the corpus of borrowed units in the pedagogical discourse of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Anglicisms and their derivatives were identified by a continuous sampling method from oral and written speech of lectures and students, the context of educational materials and educational platforms of the university. Analysis of the borrowings of pedagogical discourse in a given period allows us to identify main mechanism of adaptation of new terms and determine the speed of their penetration.

Conservation techniques for promising bacteria in the oil industry to preserve biological properties

Background: The conservation of valuable bacterial strains is crucial for various scientific, industrial, and environmental applications. Microorganisms with oil-emulsifying and oil-displacing properties are potentially significant for biotechnologies applied in the oil industry, particularly in such areas as bioremediation and tertiary enhanced oil recovery. To supply enterprises with pure cultures of microorganisms, they should be constantly maintained in the collection conditions in an active state while monitoring the preservation of their biotechnological properties. Therefore, keeping microorganism strains in working conditions and preserving their valuable properties are important for almost any work with microorganisms, ranging from primary research to their use in the production of various biopreparations.
 Aim: The article focuses on studying a method for preserving bacteria that are useful in the oil industry. This method involves modifying the technique of microencapsulating microorganism cells in alginate gel by adding glycerin, which is used as an agent with biostatic action.
 Materials and methods: The subject of research are eight hydrocarbon-oxidizing cultures of microorganisms that were sourced from the Department of Biotechnology of the al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Of these, four cultures were spore-bearing, while the other four were non-spore-bearing. The research employed microbiological methods of cultivation and storage of microorganisms in both solid and liquid media under aerobic conditions. In addition, Cooper's method was used to determine oil emulsification index and statistical methods for data analysis.
 Results: It has been found that adding glycerin (15% vol.) as a biostatic to the gel-forming matrix of sodium alginate can ensure long-term (up to 6 months) cell viability for the studied bacteria in the range of 88-96% while maintaining functionality of immobilized cells. The values of the bacteria’s oil emulsification remained at the pre-conservation levels, whereas traditional storage methods result in a lower number of viable cells after six months. It should be noted that after six months of being stored in encapsulated form with glycerin, the viability of non-sporе-forming Pseudomonas cultures is lower (88-91%) than spore-forming Bacillus (95-98%). This correlation is also is observed for traditional methods.
 Conclusion: The modern method of preserving bacteria allows for their long-term storage while maintaining functionality and viability.

The study of value orientations of modern Kazakhstani youth as the main determinant of a changing person in a changing world

Despite the strengthening of the world globalization processes accompanied by the development of individualistic values and devaluation of basic values, today we witness that contrary to this there is a strengthening of universal values, primarily related to the increase of spirituality in general. In our opinion, this paradox is caused, first of all, by the events that are taking place in the world today - coronovirus, military actions unleashed by Russia, various natural cataclysms and others. This leads not only to the actualization of the study of value orientations, but also to a change in the paradigm of their research. The study of the peculiarities of value orientations of modern youth is of particular importance, since it is demanded by the actual requirements of the social situation of development of the changing personality of the new generation, formed at the turn of the century - XX and XXI, having no experience of Soviet education and upbringing. Object of the research: students studying at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Empirical base of the study: Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi. The study involved 131 students (1-4 courses) studying at the Faculty of Philosophy and Political Science (FPS). The conducted research showed that modern Kazakhstani students (by the example of students of KazNU named after Al-Farabi) have developed more values of Self-Transcendence (Self-Transcendence), including universalism and kindness. The formed values fully manifest themselves in the sphere of moral consciousness, moral actions and personal moral (spiritual) properties, which is confirmed by statistically revealed interrelations. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its results reflect, on the one hand, the formation and ongoing transformation of values in modern youth, on the other hand - the conflict between the way things should be and the way they want to be, what guidelines are set by external social reality. Consequently, the value orientations of modern Kazakhstani students are conditioned by the social situation of development of a changing personality in a changing world.

Oil dispersion characterization of microorganisms producing biosurfactants

The article is dedicated to studying the ability of crude oil emulsification and displacement by bacteria producing low-molecular-weight biosurfactants. Six hydrocarbon-oxidizing cultures of microorganisms were used in this study: 3 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (T1, T4, D2) and 3 Bacillus cultures: Bacillus licheniformis A3, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis A12, Bacillus subtilis A9 from the collection of the Biotechnology Department of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. The research findings indicate that cells of P. aeruginosa T1 exhibited maximum emulsifying and displacing properties, with an E24 value of 76.4% and an oil displacement ability of 5.1 cm. Among the three genes responsible for the production of low-molecular-weight biosurfactants, the presence of one gene, rhlA, responsible for the synthesis of rhamnolipid biosurfactants, has been confirmed. It was demonstrated that strains P. aeruginosa T1, P. aeruginosa T4, B. subtilis A9, and B. subtilis subsp. subtilis A12 showed high emulsifying activity, making them potentially effective for application in biotechnological processes aimed at enhancing oil recovery from mature reservoirs and in bioremediation processes.

New Art Therapy Technology – Quilling

This research work aims to study the main features of quilling technology in art therapy, as well as its impact on group and individual consciousness. The study’s methodological approach was the search and theoretical analysis of thematic literature studying the quilling technique of art therapy, as well as art therapy in general. In this article, the theoretical method, the method of comparative analysis, as well as the method of pedagogical experiment were used. As a result of the scientific research, the technology of art therapy as such was analysed, and its components and influence on children and adults were studied. Also, after performing a pedagogical experiment, the influence of quilling technology on students of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University was studied, and the results were analysed. According to the results of the pedagogical experiment, quilling art has a positive effect on individuals, as well as on the general mood of the group, and the use of the quilling technique as an art-therapeutic tool brings positive changes to the psychosomatics of an individual and a group in general. This research work is of practical importance in the study of the art of quilling as an art-therapeutic method in the development of fine motor skills in the hands of adults and children, as well as the improvement of the psychological state after psychological traumas of various kinds.

THE INFLUENCE OF FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGES ON THE THIRD LANGUAGE ACQUISITION (PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS)

This article presents the results of a pilot experiment, the purpose of which is to study the status of activity of the first (L1) and second languages (L2) of Kazakhstani bilingual students while performing tasks in the target third language (L3). Students of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University took part in the study. For students from the first experimental group, Kazakh is the native/first language (L1), and Russian is the L2. In contrast, for students of the second group, Russian is the first/native language (L1) and Kazakh, respectively, is the L2. A behavioural research method was used in the experiment, as well as a technique that included a “lexical decision task”. The results of this type of research show that in the context of the production of the English language (L3), Kazakh (L1/L2) and Russian (L1/L2) are activated in a competitive way, while the roles of languages and the degree of their activation in a trilingual situation vary in different groups of subjects. In the research process, the key reasons and factors influencing the levels of activation of the Kazakh and Russian languages in the conditions of educational trilingualism were identified.

THE RELEVANCE OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS AS AN INDICATOR OF THE QUALITY OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

The demand for educational programs is measured by several indicators, one of which is the quality of professional training. In turn, the indicator of the quality of specialist training in this context is the demand in the labor market. All these opportunities are provided by the educational programs of the Department of General and Applied Psychology of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. The review of the department's educational programs demonstrates a high practice orientation in their implementation, a wide range of activities offered to students, an excellent base for training highly qualified psychologists of various profiles and levels (from bachelor to Doctor of Sciences). Keywords: educational program, practice orientation, demand competitiveness, quality of professional training, monitoring the demand for graduates

THE MAIN STAGES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A SCIENTIFIC PROJECT ON THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION OF STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS

The main stages of the implementation of a scientific project on the formation of professional self-determination of students with special educational needs are discussed in the article. The project "Formation of professional self-determination of students with special educational needs (SEN) as a national strategy for inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan" was launched in 2022. The purpose of the project: scientific substantiation and practical implementation of the program-methodical support of psychological and pedagogical accompaniment for the process of forming the readiness of students with special educational needs for professional self-determination, taking into account the strategy of inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The project involves lecturers of the Department of Pedagogy and Educational Management and the Department of General and Applied Psychology of the Faculty of Philosophy and Political Science of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. The article was prepared as a part of the funding of the Project: ИРН АР 14872130 "Formation of professional self-determination of students with special educational needs (SEN) as a national strategy in the field of inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan", which won the Grant following the results of the Competition of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for grant funding of scientific and ( or) scientific and technical projects for 2022-2024, as well as the goal of the sustainable development goals (“Sustainable Development Goals”, 2023), i.e. education, where among the indicators is ensuring access to inclusive education, within the framework of the concept of lifelong education. Keywords: advanced training courses, professional self-determination, students with special educational needs

SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS TO THE UNIVERSITY LEARNING PROCESS

This study investigates the social-psychological adaptation of first-year students at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, focusing on the transition from high school to university life. This transition is a critical phase, characterized by significant changes and challenges that can impact students' academic success and overall well-being. The research aims to explore the multifaceted nature of this adaptation process, examining both the social and psychological dimensions. The social aspect of adaptation involves students' integration into the university community, including the development of new social networks, participation in campus activities, and building relationships with peers and faculty. The psychological dimension encompasses students' adjustment to the university environment, which includes managing academic stress, developing effective study habits, and coping with the emotional challenges of this new phase of life. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to gain a comprehensive understanding of the experiences of first-year students. The survey explores various factors, such as perceived academic preparedness, levels of social engagement, and psychological well-being. The qualitative interviews provide deeper insights into students' personal experiences, challenges faced, and coping strategies employed during their transition to university life. This research is significant as it contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors that facilitate or hinder the successful adaptation of first-year students. The findings are expected to inform the development of targeted support programs and interventions at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, aimed at enhancing student adjustment and promoting a positive university experience.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Education: A Cross-Sectional Study of Distance Learning among Medical Students.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected educational institutions and caused the transfer to distance learning. The study aimed to assess medical students' satisfaction with synchronous distance learning (SDL) during the pandemic and predict their choice of it in the future. A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students at the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University in July 2021. An online questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic and educational characteristics, satisfaction, and perspective on the future choice of SDL. IBM SPSS Statistics, version 26, was used to analyze the qualitative data on descriptive and inferential statistics. Students' satisfaction and future choice of SDL were 43.2% and 20.2%, respectively. Regression analysis revealed the significance of SDL predictors with a direct relationship in the case of gender and academic performance and predictors with an inverse relationship in the case of residency, student life satisfaction, and SDL with student satisfaction. In the predictive model, student satisfaction and probability of future choice of SDL over traditional learning were 59.5% and 43.5%, respectively; over hybrid learning, it was 20.2% of students. The research findings suggested that slightly less than half of the respondent medical students were satisfied by distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic when their satisfaction probability was significantly higher in the predictive model. The predictive model of perspective of choice of distance learning did not show statistically significant results compared with traditional and hybrid learning.

Preliminary Survey of Exposure to Indoor Radon in al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan

Radon is a major source of naturally occurring radioactivity, and its measurement is considered extremely important in radiation protection, given its association with lung cancer. This pilot study aimed to estimate the annual effective dose received by students and staff based on monitoring data on the concentration of radon in the buildings of al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan), based on the distance to the tectonic fault. The measurements were recorded daily from February 2021 to September 2022 using a RAMON-02 radiometer (SOLO LLP, Almaty, Kazakhstan). All measurements were taken from the basement to the top floor under normal conditions of use. The average accumulated concentrations of radon in the studied buildings ranged from 16.34 to 78.33 Bq/m3, which is below the maximum level of 100 Bq/m3 established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan (200 Bq/m3). Relatively high values were recorded in the basement of the Faculty of Physics and Technology building (282.0 Bq/m3 in winter, 1742.0 Bq/m3 in spring, 547.7 Bq/m3 in summer, and 550.7 Bq/m3 in autumn), which is located closest to the tectonic fault and poorly ventilated. In almost all rooms (94%), radon levels were within the WHO-recommended reference level. The averaged results show the influence of the distance to the fault on the average indoor radon levels. The annual effective dose of radon for university students and staff ranged from 1.09 mSv/year to 1.53 mSv/year. The excess lifetime risk of developing cancer ranged from 0.44% to 0.61%.

Transformation of the role of university teachers in newly independent states: Case study of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University

The relevance of this study is that consumerism and marketing are gradually changing the nature of the interaction between the university, the faculty, and the student-the ultimate consumer of educational services. In addition to these external constraints, an internal restructuring of educational concepts, such as a focus on student development or a change in teaching strategies and methods, is progressing rapidly. In keeping with the big picture, the revival of national values at the regional level has meant restoring the "national face" of education. Moreover, the study of the Kazakh language became widespread. The purpose of the study is to analyze how the emergence of market relations, the formation of a young state and the integration of universities in the global educational space affect and change the role and functional responsibilities of university teachers at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Currently, 70% of students study in Kazakh, while in the Soviet period only 50% of students studied the first two courses in their native language, and the second, junior and senior courses in Russian. The study shows the difference and significant modification of the role of the teacher in the university in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, identifies examples of tension (contradictions) between academic traditions/values and the new marketing approach, and discusses the need for further transformation of organizational culture in universities.

Interactive Games and Plays in Teaching Physics and Astronomy

Physics is a difficult subject in which to trigger interest in pupils, particularly in junior high school classes: this reflects in the results of maturity exams. Therefore, teachers, educators (and authorities deciding on CV contents) should search for new efficient methods, techniques, and contents corresponding to particular topics in physics. What can be done at the level of a single university (even if big) or school is to enrich standard lessons with new elements and observe how the responses of pupils change. In this article, the results of an implementation of interactive plays and games are presented for enhancing pupils’ interest and rate of understanding in physics, astronomy, and engineering. The games were designed by authors and the contents were developed jointly at Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland and al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan. Implementation was carried out both in schools (a secondary school in Almaty and one primary school in Torun) and in extra-school (secondary school students in Almaty, elementary and secondary school students in Torun, during university-based activities) environments. A preliminary analysis of the didactical efficiency is given. We observed a positive reception of the majority of the didactical means that we proposed. These observations will serve us for further (and possibly permanent) enrichment of forms and contents of teaching physics and astronomy.

Information competence as a key factor in continuous education of a leader

Modern challenges require a dynamic transformation of the education management system. The purpose of the article is to describe the main approaches in the analysis of information and management competence of the heads of structural divisions of a modern university. The methodological basis of the study is the results-oriented management methodology, a process-oriented approach, a systematic approach in management, as well as the provisions of synergetic, acmeological, moderative and level approaches. The article discusses the features of the theoretical aspects of the study of information management competence of managers, general criteria and factors for the development of information management competence. The result of the study is a theoretical substantiation and comparative analysis of the concepts of information and management competence of the heads of structural divisions of the university. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the material of the article contributes to the development of management theory, educational management, the system of professional development for heads of structural divisions of universities. 43 heads of structural subdivisions of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University took part in the pilot study. The practical significance of the article is related to the possibility of using the collected data in improving the training of a new generation of higher education leaders with a high level of professionalism, competence, information and management culture. Keywords: information culture, information worldview, information competence, information literacy, information and management competence of the head of the structural unit of the university, manager of the educational institution.

Professional value orientations of university students in the specialty «Foreign language» (based on the results of a sociological study)

Profound changes in modern society and the development of market relations in it have led to a change in the system of life values of citizens of any country. Changes in value orientations have a sig-nificant impact on the professional self-determination of the new generation, which requires other types of career guidance work with young people that differ from previous forms, taking into account their worldview attitudes, and unstable labor market conditions. The purpose of the research is to determine the spectrum of the main value orientations of students, the role and significance of the labor values of students majoring in «Foreign Languages» at universities in Kazakhstan, Russia and China for successful self-realization in the labor market. The main empirical part of the sociological research is a survey conducted by the method of questioning students studying at full-time departments of the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Kazakhstan), Saratov State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky (Russia) and Dalian University of Foreign Languages (China). The total number of respondents is 300 people. The article comprehensively analyzes the value structure that has changed under the influence of external causes, and the views of young people on professional preferences, their attitude to the pro-fession being mastered and its role in the implementation of individual life plans. The factors of socio-professional self-determination of students are revealed. According to the results of the sociological  research, for the youth of Kazakhstan and Russia, the importance in future work is an interesting job, and for Chinese students – the opportunity to develop skills in work. It was revealed that graduates who participated in the research of three countries in the specialty “Foreign language” have such common values as: “achieving their interests, goals”, as well as “conscious choice of profession” and “work only in their chosen specialty”. Key words: youth, values, value orientations, foreign language, choice of profession.

Думи на водещите броя

Думи на водещите броя

Шетелдік студенттердің Қазақстандық жоғары оқу орнына бейімделуі

Adaptation of foreign students to the Kazakh university is a multifaceted process. To study the adaptation of foreign students to the university environment, adaptation to new climatic conditions, time, new education system, new language of communication, culture of a new country. On the research issue, an analysis of philosophical, social, psychological, pedagogical literature was carried out, direct and indirect observations were made, and survey methods were used. The study was conducted at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, where 42 students of the 1st year from abroad were subjected to external observation in the amount of 8 months and studied their adaptation to the university environment using the survey method. According to the results of the study, the process of social and pedagogical adaptation of foreign students to the Kazakh University and the problems that arise during their studies were identified. It was studied that the characteristics of socialization of foreign students in higher education institutions are influenced by such basic factors as language, education, accommodation, as well as interaction with teachers, etc. Using imperial methods, we identified the problems that prevent foreign students from adapting to Kazakhstan’s educational institution and proposed ways to solve them.

Higher education is the main platform for combating corruption

The article proposes to define standards of conduct not only for the official, but also for other members of society in order to find new ways to eliminate corruption. The main idea of ​​the study is to fight corruption not at the level of a civil servant, but at a time when the concept of corruption is still in its infancy, at the stage of formation of young people's consciousness. That is, it is recommended to focus all efforts on educational institutions of the country. According to the author, this is where the formation of human consciousness can still be influenced. It is also noted that special attention should be paid to the formation of an anti-corruption culture. In search of an answer to this question, the author studied the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on anti-corruption, political decisions, as well as foreign best practices. According to the article, the Anti-Corruption Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 2015 contains 14 anti-corruption measures, but their 13th is aimed at controlling, prohibiting and restricting certain actions of civil servants, and only one measure aimed at creating anti-corruption behavior among young people. According to the author, the relationship between teachers and students is beyond the scope of law. Evidence of this is the lack of a restrictive norm that restricts teacher activities and imposes liability on informal interactions with students, as well as a lack of law enforcement practice to hold teachers accountable.In this regard, the Russian experience in the fight against corruption is presented. In particular, criminal liability for corruption for the teaching staff of the university arises along with other government officials. Russian legislature and law enforcement practice recognize university professors as subjects of corruption. That is, university teachers are criminally liable for bribery if they receive a gift or money from students for taking an exam. Department of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University in the framework of the discipline "Legal framework of anti-corruption" The competition for the best video on anti-corruption was held among the students of the course. It was decided to hold such an annual competition in the tradition of the university. Keywords: anti-corruption; formation of an anti-corruption culture; relationship between teachers and students.

RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE FLOW FIELD OF A STATIONARY AIR FLOW DURING THE OPERATION OF A FOUR-BLADE BIDARRIEUS-1 TURBINE

There are a great variety of wind turbine constructions but by their principle of operation they are divided into three main types -sail (Savoniuswind power unit), propeller and airfoils (Darrieus wind turbine). At present, propeller-type wind-turbines are the most widely spread. They are produced on a commercial level in many countries. Other conditions being equal, the power produced by wind power unit (WPU) is proportional to the area being swept around by a wind wheel. Therefore, Megawatt propeller-type wind turbines have blades with the length of 40 and more meters. Only aircraft works with a highly-qualified personnel and corresponding equipment can produce such long blades of a specific shape. Of high interest have become airfoil wind turbines (Darrieus WPU) lately. They are of a simpler construction and have a quite high wind power utilization factor (ξ=0.45). In spite of the fact that this is a good index of WPU efficiency, the workers of al-Farabi Kazakh National University have developed a new version of a wind turbine which allows increasing 1.3-1.6 times the value of this coefficient. This apparatus is named a Bidarrieusunit. This paper presents the description of a Bidarrieusunit, the principle of its operation and the possibility of increasing the wind power utilization factor. Also, the results of testing an acting laboratory model in an aerodynamic tunnel

Medieval cities and fortresses at the sources of Inkardariya and Zhanadarya (On the base of work carried out in 2021)

The article presents the first results of research, conducted in 2021 in medieval cities and fortresses at the sources of Inkardarya and Zhanadarya and provides additional information about the history of the region’s exploration, location of monuments and their occupied volume. The research work was carried out by the archaeological research group of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (M. Eleuov), commissioned by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. As a result of the research, 7 monuments were discovered and listed, three of them (Madiyarkala, Zhainy and Saikuduk I) were located in the city, three were asars (Ushasar I,II,III) and one was a fortress (Zhainy). The expeditionary team of university gave the name based on the laws of archaeology in accounting of some of the missing monuments. As well as the expeditionary team of the university visited 6 long-known monuments of Syrlytamkala, Zangarkala, Tokseitkala, Saikudykala Kozha-kazgankala and Egembay where they got acquainted with the current state and the level of protection. In the period from 40 to 60 of XX c., some mistakes were made by the Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition (S. Tolstoy) in accounting of monuments in the lower reaches of Syrdarya. Therefore, some mistakes in the abovementioned works were corrected in the article, and the correct name and location of monuments and their occupied volumes were clarified again.