Aldine De Gruyter Research Articles

Review of <em>Evaluation in Child and Family Services: Comparative Client and Program Perspectives.</em> Tiziano Vecchiato, Anthony N. Malucchio and Cinzia Canali (Eds.). Reviewed by Victor Groza.

Book review of Tiziano Vecchiato, Anthony N. Malucchio and Cinzia Canali (Eds), Evaluation in Child and Family Services: Comparative Client and Program Perspectives. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter, 2003. $49.95 hardcover, $24.95 papercover.

Dietary evenness, prey choice, and human–environment interactions

Although measures of evenness of archaeological faunas are increasingly used in zooarchaeological analyses, the widely accepted hypothesis that increasing evenness should indicate increasing dietary breadth has not been tested. In this paper, I examine three factors that can contribute to changing evenness values—changing encounter rates with high-ranked prey types, changing diet breadth, and similarity between the return rates of the highest-ranked resources—and discuss ways of controlling the latter two factors. I then test the “evenness hypothesis” using ethnographic data collected by Smith [E.A. Smith, Evolutionary Ecology and the Analysis of Human Foraging Behavior: An Inuit Example from the East Coast of Hudson Bay, Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University, 1980, E.A. Smith, Inujjamiut Foraging Strategies: Evolutionary Ecology of an Arctic Hunting Economy, Aldine de Gruyter, Hawthorne, NY, 1991] in Inukjuak, northern Canada. Although the results support the evenness hypothesis, they also show that the nature of archaeological data may make evenness measures difficult to use accurately. Evenness can be used to understand changing prehistoric encounter rates with prey, but many conditions must be met for it to do so.

Reproductive Ecology and Human Evolution. Evolutionary Foundations of Human Behavior. Edited by Peter T Ellison. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. $62.95 (hardcover); $31.95 (paper). x + 478 p; ill.; index. ISBN: 0‐202‐30657‐7 (hc); 0‐202‐30658‐5 (pb). 2001.

Previous articleNext article No AccessHuman Biology & HealthReproductive Ecology and Human Evolution. Evolutionary Foundations of Human Behavior. Edited by Peter T Ellison. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. $62.95 (hardcover); $31.95 (paper). x + 478 p; ill.; index. ISBN: 0‐202‐30657‐7 (hc); 0‐202‐30658‐5 (pb). 2001.Debra JudgeDebra JudgeAnatomy & Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia Search for more articles by this author Anatomy & Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, AustraliaPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 78, Number 3September 2003 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/380066 Views: 7Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:L. A. Rodionova, E. D. Kopnova Birth Seasonality in Russia: Regional Features, Voprosy statistiki 29, no.22 (May 2022): 61–76.https://doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2022-29-2-61-76

Belief in moralizing gods

According to Alexander's [Alexander, R. D. (1987). The biology of moral systems. New York: Aldine de Gruyter] theory of morality, human social groups became large as a result of between-group competition over preferred habitats and resources, but although larger social groups are more successful in competition, they also experience more pressures to fission. Morality unites a society by limiting infringements upon the rights of other society members, so if larger societies are indeed more likely to split, then those that remain intact may be expected to have more effective inviolable moral rules, such as those imposed by moralizing gods. Cross-cultural analyses support this line of thought: more competition between societies is found in environments rich in resources and larger societies tend to occupy these environments; large societies engage in external conflicts at higher rates and are more often characterized by beliefs in moralizing gods. An additional explanation is briefly discussed, and we speculatively picture the historical chain of events giving rise to a belief in moralizing gods.

Medical Careers and Feminist Agendas: American, Scandinavian, and Russian Women Physicians. By Elianne Riska. New York: Aldine De Gruyter, 2001. Pp. viii+172. $39.95 (cloth); $19.95 (paper).

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewMedical Careers and Feminist Agendas: American, Scandinavian, and Russian Women Physicians. By Elianne Riska. New York: Aldine De Gruyter, 2001. Pp. viii+172. $39.95 (cloth); $19.95 (paper).Susan W. HinzeSusan W. HinzeCase Western Reserve University Search for more articles by this author Case Western Reserve UniversityPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 108, Number 3November 2002 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/378441 Views: 39Total views on this site Permission to reprint a book review printed in this section may be obtained only from the author.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

How Claims Spread: Cross-National Diffusion of Social Problems. Edited by Joel Best. Aldine de Gruyter, 2001. 306 pp. Paper, $27.00

How Claims Spread: Cross-National Diffusion of Social Problems. Edited by Joel Best. Aldine de Gruyter, 2001. 306 pp. Paper, $27.00

Creating Fear: News and the Construction of Crisis. By David L. Altheide. New York: Aldine De Gruyter, 2002. Pp. xi+223.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewCreating Fear: News and the Construction of Crisis. By David L. Altheide. New York: Aldine De Gruyter, 2002. Pp. xi+223.Frank FurediFrank FurediUniversity of Kent at Canterbury Search for more articles by this author University of Kent at CanterburyPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 108, Number 2September 2002 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/376336 Views: 241Total views on this site Permission to reprint a book review printed in this section may be obtained only from the author.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Review of <em>Counseling Female Offenders and Victims: A Strengths-Restorative Approach.</em> Katherine Van Wormer. Reviewed by Elizabeth C. Pomeroy.

Maluccio, A.N. & Daly, J. (2000). Family group conferencing as "good" child welfare practice. In Gail Buford & Joe Hudson (Eds.), Family Group Conferencing: New Directions in Community- Centered Child and Family Practice (pp. 66-71). New York: Aldine DeGruyter.

Building Community Capacity. By Robert J. Chaskin, Prudence Brown, Sudhir Venkatesh, and Avis Vidal. Modern Applications of Social Work. Hawthorne, N.Y.: Aldine de Gruyter, 2001. Pp. 268. $51.95 (cloth); $25.95 (paper).

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewBuilding Community Capacity. By Robert J. Chaskin, Prudence Brown, Sudhir Venkatesh, and Avis Vidal. Modern Applications of Social Work. Hawthorne, N.Y.: Aldine de Gruyter, 2001. Pp. 268. $51.95 (cloth); $25.95 (paper).Herbert J. RubinHerbert J. RubinNorthern Illinois University Search for more articles by this author Northern Illinois UniversityPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Social Service Review Volume 76, Number 2June 2002 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/343722 Views: 58Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref Permission to reprint a book review printed in this section may be obtained only from the author.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Mandana Vahabi, Aisha K Lofters, Gauravi Mishra, Sharmila Pimple, Josephine Pui-Hing Wong Family-Centered Sexual Health Intervention to Promote Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake Among Low-income Rural Women in India: A Community-Based Mixed-Method Pilot study (Preprint), JMIR Research Protocols (Nov 2021).https://doi.org/10.2196/35093

Book Reviews

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public HealthVolume 26, Issue 3 p. 284-292 Free Access Book Reviews First published: 25 September 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842X.2002.tb00694.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Book reviewed in this article: The Cambridge Medical Ethics Workbook: Case Studies, Commentaries and Activities By Michael Parker and Donna Dickenson Ward ethics: Dilemmas for medical students and doctors in training Edited by Thomasine K. Kushner and David C. Thomasma The ethics of medical research on humans By Claire Foster Undue Risk By Jonathan D. Moreno The Social Economics of Health Care Edited by John B. Davis The tyranny of health: doctors and the regulation of lifestyle By Michael Fitzpatrick Gender, Health and Healing: The Public/Private Divide Edited by G. Bendelow, M. Carpenter, C. Vautier, S. Williams Technologies and Health: Critical Compromises Edited by Jeanne Daly, Marilys Guillemin and Sophie Hill Dealing: Women in the Drug Economy By Barbara Denton References 1 Singer E. Rethinking Life & Death: The Collapse of Our Traditional Ethics. Melbourne : Text Publishing, 1994. 2 Singer P. Ethics, In: P. Singer editor. Oxford Readers. Great Britain : Oxford University Press, 1994. p. 4. 3 Daly J, editor. Ethical Intersections: Health Research, Methods and Researcher Responsibility. St. Leonards ( NSW) : Allen Unwin, 1996. 4 Lesser H. Technology and medicine: means and ends. In: D. Braine H. Lesser editors. Ethics, Technology and Medicine. Aldershot ( GB) : Gower Publishing, 1988. 5 Silverman WA. Human Experimentation. New York : Oxford University Press, 1985. 6 Hammick M. Managing the ethical process in research. In: RA. Brown G. Castledine editors. Key Management Skills in Nursing. Snow Hill ( UK ) : Quay Books, 1996. 7 Singer P. Practical Ethics. 2nd ed. New York : Cambridge University Press, 1993. 8 Kuczewski MG, Polansky R. editors. Bioethics: Ancient Themes in Contemporary Issues. Massachusetts : MIT Press, 2000. 9 Beck U. Risk society: towards a new modernity. In: M. Featherstone editor. Theory, Culture and Society. London : Sage Publications, 1992. p. 210. 10 Rice T. The Economics of Health Reconsidered. Chicago : Health Administration Press, 1998. 11 Evans RG. Strained Mercy: The Economics of Canadian Health Care. Toronto : Butterworths, 1984. 12 Sen A. On Ethics and Economics. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1987. 13 Barer ML, Getzen TE, Stoddart GL, editors. Health, Health Care and Health Economics. Perspectives in Distribution. Toronto : Wiley, 1998. 14 Evans RG, Barer ML, Marmor TR (editors) Why are Some People Healthy and Others Not? The Determinants of Health of Populations. New York : Aldine De Gruyter, 1994. 15 Van Doorslaer E, Wagstaff A, Rutten F, editors. Equity in the Finance and Delivery of Health Care: An International Perspective. Oxford : Oxford Medical Publications, 1993. 16 WPMM Van de Ven, RP. Ellis Risk adjustment in competitive health plan markets. In: JP Newhouse, AJ Culyer, editors. Handbook of Health Economics. North Holland, 2000. p. 755– 845. 17 Ash AS, Ellis RP, Pope GC. Using diagnoses to describe populations and predict costs. Health Care Financ Rev 2000; 21(3): 7– 28. 18 Pope CG, Ellis RP, Ash AS, et al. Principal inpatient diagnostic cost group model for Medicare risk adjustment. Health Care Financ Rev 2000; 21(3): 93– 118. 19 Davis JB. The Social Economics of Health Care. London : Routledge, 2001. 20 Antioch KM, Walsh MK. Risk adjusted capitation funding models for chronic diseases in Australia: Alternatives to casemix funding. Eur J Health Econ. In press 2002. 21 Antioch KM, Walsh MK. Funding issues for Victorian hospitals: The risk adjusted vision beyond casemix funding. Aust Health Rev 1997; 23(3): 145– 53. 22 National Health and Medical Research Council (2001). How to compare the costs and benefits: evaluation of health economics evidence. Handbook series on preparing Clinical Practice Guidelines. 23 Antioch KM, Jennings G, Botti M, et al. Integrating cost-effectiveness evidence into clinical practice guidelines in Australia for acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Health Econ 2002; 3(1): 26– 39. 24 Antioch KM, Chapman R, Elliot B, et al. Cost effective clinical pathways at The Alfred Hospital: International lessons from Bayside Health, Australia. Aust Health Rev 2001; 24(4): 21– 7. 25 Antioch KM, Chapman R, Wilson J, Douglass J, Santamaria N. Integrating cost-effectiveness evidence into Clinical Practice Guidelines in Australia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Economics and Health:2001. In press 2002, CD-ROM. 26 Illich I. Medical Nemesis: The Expropriation of Health. London : Calder Boyars, 1975. Volume26, Issue3June 2002Pages 284-292 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Book Reviews

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public HealthVolume 26, Issue 3 p. 284-292 Free Access Book Reviews First published: 25 September 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842X.2002.tb00694.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Book reviewed in this article: The Cambridge Medical Ethics Workbook: Case Studies, Commentaries and Activities By Michael Parker and Donna Dickenson Ward ethics: Dilemmas for medical students and doctors in training Edited by Thomasine K. Kushner and David C. Thomasma The ethics of medical research on humans By Claire Foster Undue Risk By Jonathan D. Moreno The Social Economics of Health Care Edited by John B. Davis The tyranny of health: doctors and the regulation of lifestyle By Michael Fitzpatrick Gender, Health and Healing: The Public/Private Divide Edited by G. Bendelow, M. Carpenter, C. Vautier, S. Williams Technologies and Health: Critical Compromises Edited by Jeanne Daly, Marilys Guillemin and Sophie Hill Dealing: Women in the Drug Economy By Barbara Denton References 1 Singer E. Rethinking Life & Death: The Collapse of Our Traditional Ethics. Melbourne : Text Publishing, 1994. 2 Singer P. Ethics, In: P. Singer editor. Oxford Readers. Great Britain : Oxford University Press, 1994. p. 4. 3 Daly J, editor. Ethical Intersections: Health Research, Methods and Researcher Responsibility. St. Leonards ( NSW) : Allen Unwin, 1996. 4 Lesser H. Technology and medicine: means and ends. In: D. Braine H. Lesser editors. Ethics, Technology and Medicine. Aldershot ( GB) : Gower Publishing, 1988. 5 Silverman WA. Human Experimentation. New York : Oxford University Press, 1985. 6 Hammick M. Managing the ethical process in research. In: RA. Brown G. Castledine editors. Key Management Skills in Nursing. Snow Hill ( UK ) : Quay Books, 1996. 7 Singer P. Practical Ethics. 2nd ed. New York : Cambridge University Press, 1993. 8 Kuczewski MG, Polansky R. editors. Bioethics: Ancient Themes in Contemporary Issues. Massachusetts : MIT Press, 2000. 9 Beck U. Risk society: towards a new modernity. In: M. Featherstone editor. Theory, Culture and Society. London : Sage Publications, 1992. p. 210. 10 Rice T. The Economics of Health Reconsidered. Chicago : Health Administration Press, 1998. 11 Evans RG. Strained Mercy: The Economics of Canadian Health Care. Toronto : Butterworths, 1984. 12 Sen A. On Ethics and Economics. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1987. 13 Barer ML, Getzen TE, Stoddart GL, editors. Health, Health Care and Health Economics. Perspectives in Distribution. Toronto : Wiley, 1998. 14 Evans RG, Barer ML, Marmor TR (editors) Why are Some People Healthy and Others Not? The Determinants of Health of Populations. New York : Aldine De Gruyter, 1994. 15 Van Doorslaer E, Wagstaff A, Rutten F, editors. Equity in the Finance and Delivery of Health Care: An International Perspective. Oxford : Oxford Medical Publications, 1993. 16 WPMM Van de Ven, RP. Ellis Risk adjustment in competitive health plan markets. In: JP Newhouse, AJ Culyer, editors. Handbook of Health Economics. North Holland, 2000. p. 755– 845. 17 Ash AS, Ellis RP, Pope GC. Using diagnoses to describe populations and predict costs. Health Care Financ Rev 2000; 21(3): 7– 28. 18 Pope CG, Ellis RP, Ash AS, et al. Principal inpatient diagnostic cost group model for Medicare risk adjustment. Health Care Financ Rev 2000; 21(3): 93– 118. 19 Davis JB. The Social Economics of Health Care. London : Routledge, 2001. 20 Antioch KM, Walsh MK. Risk adjusted capitation funding models for chronic diseases in Australia: Alternatives to casemix funding. Eur J Health Econ. In press 2002. 21 Antioch KM, Walsh MK. Funding issues for Victorian hospitals: The risk adjusted vision beyond casemix funding. Aust Health Rev 1997; 23(3): 145– 53. 22 National Health and Medical Research Council (2001). How to compare the costs and benefits: evaluation of health economics evidence. Handbook series on preparing Clinical Practice Guidelines. 23 Antioch KM, Jennings G, Botti M, et al. Integrating cost-effectiveness evidence into clinical practice guidelines in Australia for acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Health Econ 2002; 3(1): 26– 39. 24 Antioch KM, Chapman R, Elliot B, et al. Cost effective clinical pathways at The Alfred Hospital: International lessons from Bayside Health, Australia. Aust Health Rev 2001; 24(4): 21– 7. 25 Antioch KM, Chapman R, Wilson J, Douglass J, Santamaria N. Integrating cost-effectiveness evidence into Clinical Practice Guidelines in Australia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Economics and Health:2001. In press 2002, CD-ROM. 26 Illich I. Medical Nemesis: The Expropriation of Health. London : Calder Boyars, 1975. Volume26, Issue3June 2002Pages 284-292 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Being Mentally Ill: A Sociological Theory, 3rd ed.

Being Mentally Ill: A Sociological Theory, 3rd ed.

The Fight against Big Tobacco: The Movement, the State, and the Public’s Health. By Mark Wolfson. Hawthorne, N.Y.: Aldine deGruyter. Pp. xiii + 273. $49.95 (cloth); $24.95 (paper).

<i>The Fight against Big Tobacco: The Movement, the State, and the Public’s Health</i>. By Mark Wolfson. Hawthorne, N.Y.: Aldine deGruyter. Pp. xiii + 273. $49.95 (cloth); $24.95 (paper).

The Professionalization of Poverty: Social Work and the Poor in the Twentieth Century. Edited by P. Nelson Reid and Gary R. Lowe. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1999. Pp. 179. $37.95, cloth; $18.95, paper.

The Professionalization of Poverty: Social Work and the Poor in the Twentieth Century. Edited by P. Nelson Reid and Gary R. Lowe. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1999. Pp. 179. $37.95, cloth; $18.95, paper.

The Professionalization of Poverty: Social Work and the Poor in the Twentieth Century. Edited by P. Nelson Reid and Gary R. Lowe. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1999. Pp. 179. $37.95, cloth; $18.95, paper.

The Professionalization of Poverty: Social Work and the Poor in the Twentieth Century. Edited by P. Nelson Reid and Gary R. Lowe. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1999. Pp. 179. $37.95, cloth; $18.95, paper.

VANNOY, Dana and Paula J. DUBECK, eds., CHALLENGES FOR WORK AND FAMILY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

VANNOY, Dana and Paula J. DUBECK, eds., CHALLENGES FOR WORK AND FAMILY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY. Hawthorne, New York: Aldine DeGruyter, 1998,234 pp., $21.95 softcover / $43.95 hardcover. This collection of thirteen original papers (plus an introduction and insightful conclusion by editors) is result of a 1996 conference on working organized by The Kunz Center for Study of Work and Family. The volume strives to specify explicit interdependence between work and family and focuses on effect of economic changes on family life, necessity of recognizing diversity among families, and role of workplace culture in negotiation of work/family issues. concluding chapter, Dana Vannoy summarizes two important labor force trends addressed in book: the inclusion of women in work force and predominance of dual-earner families and the shift from predominance of industrial to predominance of information sector (218). Much of this volume focuses on consequences of latter shift. Michael Wallace offers an excellent discussion of downsizing, its causes and consequences. Harriet B. Presser investigates increase in non-standard working hours (night shifts and Saturdays/Sundays) and its potential impact on working families. Several other chapters explore declines in employer-based health insurance, illiteracy among school-aged children and its impact on employment in service sector, consequences of welfare-to-work reforms, and effect of downsizing on community identity. Two chapters deal theoretically and empirically with issue of family diversity. Maxine Baca Zinn addresses family values debates and challenges liberal critique to more fully incorporate an analysis of race as a macrostructural force that produces (and, indeed, requires) different family arrangements. a comparison of hours worked,job prestige, and other forms of family support in dominant and minority dual-earner families, Marilyn Fernandez and Kwang Chung Kim demonstrate necessity of replacing a Black/White treatment of race with a multiracial/multi-ethnic perspective. The book also highlights significance of workplace culture. an excellent overview chapter Kathleen Gerson argues, In absence of gender equity, family-friendly workplaces will simply recreate old forms of inequality in a new way (18). A number of these essays imply that structural opportunities and organizational cultures in female-dominated occupations may hinder women's career advancement. most organizations, women are still assumed to be primary care givers. …

Baring Our Souls: TV Talk Shows and the Religion of Recovery. By Kathleen S. Lowney. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1999. Pp. xii+159. $42.95 (cloth); $21.95 (paper).

<i>Baring Our Souls: TV Talk Shows and the Religion of Recovery</i>. By Kathleen S. Lowney. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1999. Pp. xii+159. $42.95 (cloth); $21.95 (paper).

An Organizational Analysis of Organizational Theory

Organizations in the twentieth century have cerned with three broad themes: First, the rise of become the most powerful force in industrialized organizations-that is, how did we come to grow societies, but understanding and appreciation of an organizational society and how are organizatheir power has been neglected. field most tions born and how do they grow and die? responsible for this appreciation is organization Second, how do they function, what are their analysis or as I shall refer to it, organizational internal dynamics, and how might these be theory or OT. In my view, OT should be conimproved for the various groups that have a Jacobs, Jerry A. and Kathleen Gerson. Forthcoming 2000. Individuals or Overworked Families? Explaining Trends in 75Vork, Leisure, and Family Time. Work and Occupations. Korenman, Sanders, and David Neumark. 1991. Does Marriage Really Make Men More Productive ? Journal of Human Resources 26: 282-307. Lesthaeghe, Ron. 1983. A Century of Demographic and Cultural Change in 75Vestern Europe: An Exploration of Underlying Dimensions. Population and Development Review 9: 411-35. Lillard, Lee A. and Linda J. 75Vaite. 1995. Til Death Do Us Part: Disruption and Mortality. AmericanJournalofSociology 100: 1131-56. Logan, John R. and Glenna D. Spitze. Family Ties: Enduring Relations between Parents and their Grown Children. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Lupton, Joseph and James P. Smith. 1999. Marriage, Assets, and Savings. RAND DRU-2115-NICHD, November. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. Also forthcoming in Marriage and the Economy, edited by Shoshana Grossbard-Schecht. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lye, Diane N., Daniel H. Klepinger, Patricia Davis Myle, and Anjanette Nelson. 1995. Childhood Living Arrangements and Adult Children's Relations with their Parents. Demography 32: 261-80. Mack, Dana. 1997. Assault on Parenthood: How Our Culture Undermines the Family. New York: Simon & Schuster. Marks, Nadine F. and James David Lambert. 1998. Marital Status Continuity and Change Among Young and Midlife Adults: Longitudinal Effects on Psychological 75Vell-Being. Journal of Family Issues 19: 652-86. Nock, Steven L. 1998. Marriage in Men's Lives. New York: Oxford University Press. Raley, R. Kelly. Forthcoming 2000. Recent Trends in Marriage and Cohabitation. In Ties that Bind: Perspectives on Marriage and Cohabitation, edited by L. 75Vaite, C. Bachrach, M. Hindin, E. Thomson and A. Thornton. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter. Regan, Milton C., Jr. ''Postmodern Family Law: Toward a New Model of Status. Pp. 157-85 in Promises to Keep: Decline and Renewal of Marriage in America, edited by D. Popenoe, J. B. Elshtain, and D. Blankenhorn. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Steuerle, C. Eugene. 1999. Valuing Commitment: Radical Restructuring of our Tax and Transfer Systems. Responsive Community 9: 35-45. Thornton, Arland and Thonzas E. Fricke. 1989. Social Change and the Family: Comparative Prespectives from the 75Vest, China and South Asia. Pp. 128-61 in Demography as an Interdiscipline, edited by J. Mayone Stycos. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. U. S. Bureau of the Census. 1999. Insurance Coverage. Current Population Reports, P60-208. AXIashington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Ventura, Stephanie J., Joyce A. Martin, Sally C. Curtin, and T.J. Mathews. 1998. Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1996. Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 46, No. 11, Supplement. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. AXIaite, Linda J. 1995. Does Marriage Matter? Demography 32: 483-508. 75Vaite, Linda J. and Maggie Gallagher. Forthcoming 2000. Case for Marriage. New York: Doubleday. 75Vaite, Linda J. and Kara Joyner. Forthcoming 2000. ''Emotional Satisfaction and Physical Pleasure in Sexual Unions: Time Horizon, Sexual Behavior and Sexual Exclusivity. Journal of Marriage and the Family August. 75Vaite, Linda J. and Mark Nielsen. Forthcoming 2000. The Rise of the Dual-55Vorker Family: 1963-1997. In Women and Work in the Twentieth Century, edited by R. Hertz and N. Marshall. Berkeley: University of California Press. 75Valdfogel, Jane. 1997. The Effect of Children on 75Vomen's 75Vages. American Sociological Review 62: 209-17. 75Vhitehead, Barbara Dafoe. 1998. Divorce Culture: Rethinking Our Commitments to Marriage and Family. New York: Vintage.

The social gradient in life expectancy: the contrary case of Okinawa in Japan

This paper examines the social gradient theory of health and life expectancy presented by Evans and his colleagues [Evans, R.G., Barer, M.L. and Marmor, T.R. (Eds.), 1994. Why are some People Healthy and others not? The Determinants of Health of Populations. Aldine de Gruyter, New York]. They maintain that social hierarchy is the determining factor in the health of large populations largely because it promotes differences in stress or the ability to cope with stress. For example, as Japan has risen to the top ranks of the economic hierarchy of nations in the late 20th century, Japanese life expectancy improved dramatically. Evans [Evans, R.G., 1994. Introduction. In: Evans, R., Barer, M., Marmor T. (Eds.), Why are some People Healthy and others not? The Determinants of Health of Populations. Aldine de Gruyter, New York, pp. 3–26.] notes that something lies behind this rapid increase in longevity and the major change was the hierarchical position of Japan relative to the rest of the world. However, we reviewed life expectancy data within Japan and found that Okinawans traditionally rank at the top in health and life expectancy and at the bottom in socioeconomic indicators. We find that the social gradient thesis does not apply in Japan and suggest that what is more important for health are health lifestyles, especially diet and social support. More research is needed to assess the validity of the social gradient thesis if it is to be used on a cross-national basis.

Nowhere to grow: homeless and runaway adolescents and their families

Nowhere to Grow: Homeless and Runaway Adolescents and Their Families. Les B. Whitbeck & Dan R. Hoyt. New York: Aldine De Gruyter. 1999. 216 pp. ISBN 0-202-30584-8. $41.95 cloth, $23.95 paper. In their book, Nowhere to Grow: Homeless and Runaway Adolescents and Their Families, Les Whitbeck and Dan Hoyt help the reader understand the complexities of society's forgotten children. Drawing on their study of more than 600 runaway and homeless adolescents, the authors utilize extensive quantitative and rich qualitative data to tell the stories of these youth. What emerges is a detailed explanation of the by which these adolescents move from their family of origin to institutional settings and gangs or city streets. As Whitbeck and Hoyt observe, Homelessness for young people doesn't happen all at once. Rather, there is a of marginalization created by forced early maturation (p. 66). It is this attention to process that is the book's strength. Divided into four parts (Society's Forgotten Children, The Family Lives of Runaway and Homeless Adolescents, Taking Chances: Adolescents on Their Own, and Nowhere to Grow: The Developmental Consequences of Running Away), the book uses a life-course developmental lens to frame and capture the developmental trajectories of these particular runaway and homeless youth. This lens views the of development as a self-perpetuated series of events. When applied to the youth interviewed for this study, the chain of events leading to early independence originates within the families from which they leave. Multiple life transitions, such as frequent changes in caretakers and residences, prompt children to become independent change agents who attempt to gain more control over their lives by leaving home. The resulting life on the streets is one of survival as these teens turn to conventional (e.g., borrowing money) and deviant (e.g., dealing drugs) subsistence strategies and social networks of similarly troubled teens. Without the benefit of positive adult influence, supervision, and resources, these youth suffer critical developmental consequences from problems such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance abuse. Unlike previous studies, the use of a life course developmental approach to their work enables Whitbeck and Hoyt to peel back the layers of this social problem and give serious consideration to the developmental consequences of running away and homelessness. For example, although many of these youth suffer particular emotional or psychological problems attributable to experiences in their family of origin, it is their hard-luck life on the streets, over time, that exacerbates existing disorders or creates new ones. According to Whitbeck and Hoyt, an accurate assessment of runaway and homeless adolescents' mental health must include a distinction between those stressors associated with the youth's family of origin and those stemming from a vulnerable life on the streets. The result of this particular conceptualization is detailed information presented in the book about the many varied predictors of runaway and homeless youths' behavior. The authors argue that knowing the differences between the sources of mental health issues and their developmental progression ultimately will lead to better intervention and treatment strategies. In addition to their unique conceptualization of mental health, this study has several exceptional design characteristics that distinguish it from other studies of similar populations. …