Alcoholic Extract Of Fruits Research Articles

HPTLC method to support formulation development and quality control of the tablets prepared from fruit extracts of Piper longum

Alcoholic extract of fruits of Piper longum is reported to have antihypertensive activity, significantly due to presence of alkaloids like piperine, piperlongumine, piperlonguminine and pipernonaline. A sensitive and specific HPTLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of piperine, piperlongumine and piperlonguminine in fruit extracts with a purpose to provide the analytical support during the development of formulation as well as to serve as a quality control tool for optimised formulation. Developed method was validated with respect to ICH (International Council for Harmonisation) Q2(R1) and found to be accurate, precise, sensitive, specific and robust for estimation of piperine, piperlongumine and piperlonguminine. Method was successfully applied for assay of dry powdered extract and optimised tablet formulation in terms of content of piperine, piperlongumine and piperlonguminine as well as to study the dissolution profiles of formulation batches during development stage.

Biological Activity of Extract Solanum nigrum on some Biological Aspects of the Blue Fly Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

The current research evaluated the efficiency of alcoholic and alkaloid extracts of the leaves and fruits of the Solanum nigrum and investigated their effectiveness against the immature stages of the blue fly with 24-hour age at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/ml at the temperature of 30±1°C and relative humidity of 60±5%. It was revealed that the alcoholic extract of the fruits had the highest effect on killing the eggs of blue fly at all concentrations; accordingly, the death rates were estimated at 89.11% and 42.43% at the concentrations of 5 and 20 mg/ml, respectively, compared to that in the control, accounting for 9.27% mortality. It was also found that the alkaloid extract of the leaves of the plant outperformed in recording the highest rates of killing the eggs of blue fly, with death rates of 88.83% and 31.14% in the concentrations of 5 and 20 mg/ml, compared to the control group, amounting to 10.40%. Regarding the larval stages, the first stage was more sensitive than the other larval stages to all extracts of leaves and fruits of the plant. The highest mortality rates of the three larval stages were achieved by using the alcoholic extract of the fruits with the highest concentration of 20 mg/ml, compared to the alcoholic extract of the leaves; accordingly, the death rates of the third larval stage reached the highest rates of 57.11%, 68.20%, and 88.69% for the alcoholic extract of fruits and 53.19%, 68.64%, and 89.11% for that of leaves. The recorded data showed that the alkaloid extract of the S. nigrum leaves led to the highest mortality rates, compared to the alkaloid extract of the fruits, for all larval instars and at all concentrations. The mortality rates of the third larval stage with the highest concentration were 58.13% and 67.64%, respectively. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate the chemical compounds in the alcoholic and alkaloid extracts of the leaves and fruits showed the presence of chemical compounds of varying numbers. The numbers of chemical compounds in the alcoholic extract of the leaves and fruits were 10 and 9, respectively, while it reached 17 and 23 for the alkaloid extract of the leaves and fruits of the plant, respectively.

Piper longum (Linn.) restores ovarian function in Letrozole induced PCOS in Rats: Comparison with Metformin and Clomiphene citrate

This study evaluates the prospective use of an herbal plant Piper longum in letrozole induced polycystic ovary syndrome using a rat model. The study used female wistar rats, which were divided into 9 groups, each containing 6 animals. Group I (Control) daily received 1% Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC)as a vehicle control. Letrozole (1mg/kg) was administered by oral route for period of 21days for induction of PCOS in group (II-IX). During experimental period, vaginal smear of all females were collected daily for the estrous cycle determination. During 28 days of letrozole administration, changes in estrous cycle of females were observed and studied. This study showed that PCOS was induced. After Letrozole treatment, 6 animals from group III-IX treated orally with, standard drugs Metformin (300mg/kg/oral route), Clomiphene citrate (100mg/kg/oral route), plant drug Piper longum L. at a concentration of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg, drug interaction groups: Metformin + Piper longum L, 800mg/kg and Clomiphene citrate +Piper lonum L., 800mg/kg body weight and studied for consecutive estrous cycles. Vaginal smear were examined, it showed that hydro alcoholic extract of fruits of Piper longum Linn. group has potential effect on PCOS bringing estrous cycle to normalcy. Also, after Letrozole treatment ovary and reproductive weights of normal rats increased which is normalizes with plant drug treatment. Further studies of hydroalcoholic extract of fruits Piper longum Linn. need to be carried out to check other related parameters of PCOS.

Phyto- and Bio-Chemical evaluation of Diospyros kaki L. cultivated in Egypt and its biological activities.

Diospyros kaki L. or Costata cultivar is the main persimmon variety progressively consumed in the Egyptian market and exportation. The objective of this study was to investigate the bioprotective effects of the alcoholic extract of fruits as well as leaves of D. kaki using in-vivo rat models. Petroleum ether extracts of fruits and leaves were analytically characterized for saponifiable and unsaponifiable compounds by GC/MS. Main flavonoids were chromatographically isolated from 80% aqueous methanol extract of leaves. Chemical evaluation for fruits and leaves namely, content of moisture, ash, proteins, fatty acids, amino acids, fat and water soluble vitamins, minerals, carotenoids was carried out. Total antioxidant activity was determined by radical scavenging effects using DPPH assay. The effect on biochemical parameters and its biological activity were also performed. Results revealed the identification of the major compounds of saponifiable and unsaponifiable matters of fruits and leaves. Scopoletin, as well as, kaempferol, luteolin, rutin and apigenin 7-O-glucoside were isolated and identified. It showed that this plant can provide a good nutritional value and it is safe regarding the kidney and liver functions, good source that help in enhancing the antioxidant defense against free radicals. No abnormal effects were found in lipids profile on experimental animals and there were good results in the ratio of HDL and LDL cholesterol. Also, this plant can help in optimizing blood sugar, enhancing the level of blood haemoglobin. It is concluded that D. kaki displays a good source of nutrients and bioactive compounds that may contribute to its therapeutic benefits against the risk of disease complications.

Detection of the Inhibitory Effect of the Leaves, Seed and Fruits of Cydonia oblonga on some Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria

Seventy six swab samples were collected from Otitis media and stool samples from gastroenteritis cases, were cultured on different culture media, gram positive and gram negative bacteria were isolated and identified. The highest prevalence was Staphylococcus aureus (25%) while Salmonella typhi formed the lowest isolate rate (3.9%) other bacterial isolates varied between these two and comparison was done between effect of the air part of Cydonia oblonga (Quince) plant (leaves, seeds, fruits) to determine the highest effective part on the isolated bacteria. As the inhibitory effect of Cydonia oblonga seed, leaves and fruit alcoholic and aqueous extracts on the isolated bacteria were studied. Alcoholic seed extract showed the highest inhibitory activity on two bacterial species Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterococcus faecalis (25 and 22 mm) respectively followed by Aeromona sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13 and 11 mm) respectively while alcoholic leaves extract showed antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus only (15 mm), alcoholic fruit extract showed its effect on Enterococcus faecalis (12 mm), Klebsiella sp. (11 mm), Salmonella typhi (10 mm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9 mm). the aqueous seed extract showed an effect on Enterococcus faecalis (11 mm), while the aqueous leaves extract showed the highest effect on Staphylococcus aureus (20 mm), followed by Bacillus subtilis (10 mm), and the aqueous fruit extract showed the highest effect on E.coli (10 mm) while on Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter aerogenes was less (9 mm) for all of them. The (MIC) value of the effective extracts revealed that the highest value of alcoholic seed extract on E.faecalis was (25 mgml), while the least (MIC) was (0.39 mgml) for Aeromona sp. with the remaining MIC values ranging between the two.

Preclinical Evaluation of Hydro Alcoholic Extract of fruits of Cascabela thevetia for its Cardio Toxic Activity

Cascabela thevetia is a medicinally active plant used to treat different diseases. The aim of the present study was to pharmacological investigation of the hydro alcoholic extract of the fruit kernel of Cascabela thevetia for its cardiotoxic activity. In this study the fruit kernel was extracted with 70% ethanol by using soxhlet apparatus and 12% yield was obtained. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids and tannins. In this study male Albino Wister rat weighing about 150-250 gm were used. Different pre-estimated doses of Acetylcholine (Ach), Adrenaline (Adr) and hydroalcoholic extract of Cascabela thevetia fruit kernel (CT) were used to find out the effect on heart from the dose response curve. Acetylcholine when applied to heart it produced parasympathomimetic action and decreased the rate of diastolic depolarization (negative tropic action). Adrenaline (sympathomimetic) produced both positive inotropic and chronotropic activity. But CT showed unique cardiac activity in the isolated rat heart, when applied low to high dose in geometrical propagation manner, first it produced negative chronotropic action followed by negative inotropic action. But that same negative tropic activity has been blocked by using adrenaline along with CT. Atropine along with CT became unable to antagonize the activity of CT unlike acetylcholine. Therefore it can conclude that Cascabela thevetia is a potent cardiotoxic drug in moderate to higher doses, help to understand the purpose behind selecting this fruit as abusive and suicidal cases.

Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 0.5N H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Solution by <I>Tribulus terrestris</I> (fruit) Extract

The corrosion inhibition efficiency of alcoholic extract of fruits of plant <em>Tribulus terrestris</em> for mild steel in 0.5N H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution has been studied in relation to concentration of inhibitor by Mass Loss, Potentiodynamic Polarisation and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy methods. The results indicate that <em>Tribulus terrestris</em> fruit extract used in liquid H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> effectively reduces the corrosion rate of mild steel and act as a good corrosion inhibitor. It is also observed that inhibition efficiency increases with inhibitor concentration but it decreases with increase in temperature. The thermodynamic parameters reveal that the inhibition of corrosion is due to adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface. The negative free energy values show spontaneity of the adsorption process in accordance with Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

FERONIA ELEPHANTUM MODULATES ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION BY ANTIOXIDANT PATHWAY IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

The present study evaluates Feronia elephantum alcoholic fruit extract (FEAFE) against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction(MI), since, no studies have been reported to ascertain its cardio protective activity. Rats (n=6) were divided into five groups, namely, Group I: Normal control, Group II: ISO (200mg/kg s.c). Group III, IV, & V: FE (400 mg/ kg orally) and Vit E (50 IU /kg orally) respectively, administered for 21 day, by end of treatment isoproterenol was administered for two days except Group III. ECG was recorded after 21 days. Blood samples and histopathological studies of isolated heart were performed by biochemical estimations, respectively. Isoproterenol induced rats show increased ST segment, QRS complex and QT interval, besides significant increase in CK-MB, LDH, AST, ALT and Troponin-I levels. Further, they showed significant increased MDA level, decreased SOD, GSH, total protein level. Pre-treatment with FEAFE significantly restored above parameters, supported by histopathological data. Pretreatment with FEAFE modulates isoproterenol induced MI by antioxidant pathway in rats.

Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in PC3 and A549 cell lines by hydro alcoholic fruit extract of Morinda tinctoria roxb: in vitro analysis

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Morinda tinctoria Roxb fruit on inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma cells (PC-3) and lung carcinoma (A549) cells. Morinda tinctoria Roxb hydro alcoholic fruit extract (MTHFE) was taken to in vitro studies, like phytochemical screening, MTT assay, cell induced apoptosis. Dose dependant cytotoxic activities were exhibited by PC-3 cell lines and A549 cells. The result showed that, as the dose of the extract increased, the no of viable cells were found to be decreased, which confirms the anti-cancer and cytotoxic activities of the fruit extract.

English

The antifungal potential of an endangered medicinal plant, Balanites aegyptiaca Del. and its in vitro raised calli was evaluated by agar well diffusion method. The alcoholic extract of fruits of parent plant as well as its callus showed good antifungal activity against various pathogenic and opportunistic fungi. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were determined by broth microdilution method. The MIC of alcoholic fruit extract of parent plant against tested fungi ranged from 3.05 to 24.0 µg/ml, whereas, the MIC of extract of in vitro raised callus ranged from 1.53 to 12.0 µg/ml. The present study shows that extracts of B. aegyptiaca contain good antifungal activity which could be used in the treatment of fungal infections showing resistance to currently used antifungal agents. As its calli also gave good results, in vitro cultivation of the explants may be used to obtain novel antifungal compounds even at places where it does not grow naturally and thus can be used in the treatment of various opportunistic and life threatening fungal infections especially in immunocompromised patients.   Key words: Balanites aegyptiaca, in vitro raised callus, antifungal activity, agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Anti-diarrheal Activity of Alcoholic and Aqueous Extract of fruits of Frageria vesca linn. In rats

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate scientifically the antidiarrheal effect of fruits of Frageria vesca Linn. against castor oil-induced diarrhoea model. The anti-diarrheal effect of aqueous and alcoholic extract of fruits of Frageria vesca Linn. was studied against castor oil-induced-diarrhea model in rats. The gastrointestinal transit rate was expressed as the percentage of the longest distance traversed by the charcoal divided by the total length of the small intestine. The weight and volume of intestinal content induced by castor oil were studied by enteropooling method. Like atropine (3mg/kg, i.p.) there were significant reductions in fecal output and frequency of droppings when the plant extracts of aqueous 100 and 200 mg/kg doses were administered intraperitoneally compared with castor oil treated rats. All doses of the plant extract significantly retarded the castor-oil induced enteropooling and intestinal transit. The remarkable anti-diarrheal effect of extracts of fruits of Frageria vesca Linn. against castor oil-induced diarrhea model attests to its utility in a wide range of diarrheal states.

IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF GARCINIA INDICA LINN ALCOHOLIC FRUITS EXTRACTS

The current research was an attempt to reiterate the antioxidant potential of alcoholic fruit extract of Garcinia indica invitro. The fruits of Garcinia indica were collected and shade dried at room temperature. The powdered mass was defatted with petroleum ether then filtered and residue was extracte d with ethanol (95%) into soxhlet appa ratus . The suspension of extract was prepared freshly in normal saline with the help of 0.5% w/v carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Varying concentration of extract (10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml) was tested for invitro antioxidant properties. Antioxidant activity w as determined by DPPH assay, reducing power ability, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay and hydroxyl radical (OH ) scavenging activity. The ethanolic fruit extract of Garcinia indica demonstrated antioxidant potential dose dependently with best activity at 100 µg/ml. In conclusion, traditionally claimed medicinal benefits of Garcinia indica might be due to its potent anti - oxidant nature. However, further studies to be carried out on animal models using their biological tissues before exploiting for its cli nical benefits.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Cucumis trigonus Roxb. Fruitagainst CCl4 Inducesd Hepatic Damage in Rats.

In India, a number of medicinal plants and their formulations are used to cure hepatic disorders in traditional systems of medicine. No systemic study has been done on protective effect of Cucumis trigonus Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae) to treat hepatic diseases. Protective action of C. trigonus fruit extracts was evaluated in this study in animal model of hepatotoxicity, which was induced by carbon tetrachloride. Forty two healthy female albino Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 g were divided in to seven groups of 6. Group 1 was normal control group; Group 2, the hepatotoxic group was given CCl4; Group 3 was administered standard drug (Liv-52); Groups 4-7 received pet. ether, chloroform, alcohol and aqueous fruit extract (300 mg/kg) with CCl4. The parameters studied were alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and serum bilirubin activities. The hepatoprotective activity was also supported by histopathological studies of liver tissue. Results of the biochemical studies of blood samples of CCl4 treated animals showed significant increase in the levels of serum enzyme activities, reflecting the liver injury caused by CCl4. Whereas blood samples from the animals treated with chloroform and aqueous fruit extracts showed significant and alcohol extract showed highly significant decrease in the levels of serum markers, indicating the protection of hepatic cells. The results revealed that alcoholic fruit extract of Cucumis trigonus could afford highly significant protection against CCl4 induced hepatocellular injury.

New Withanolides and Other Constituents from the Fruit of Withania somnifera

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Effect of seabuckthorn on sodium nitroprusside-induced cytotoxicity in murine macrophages

The present study reports the anti-oxidant activity of alcoholic extracts of leaf and fruit of seabuckthorn (SBT) on nitric oxide (NO) induced cytotoxicity in J-774 macrophages. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which generates NO at the concentration of 500 μg/ml, induced cytotoxicity as revealed by decreased neutral red uptake by macrophages. The cytotoxicity of SNP was attributed to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which in turn resulted in decrease in anti-oxidant levels. Alcoholic leaf and fruit extracts of SBT at the concentration of 500 μg/ml were found to have a significant cytoprotective effect against SNP-induced oxidative stress. These extracts inhibited SNP-induced cytotoxicity, free radical production and maintained the anti-oxidant status identical to that of control cells. The alcoholic fruit extract of SBT was found to have significantly higher anti-oxidant activity than leaf extract against SNP-induced cytotoxicity in murine macrophages.

New withanolides and other constituents from the fruit of Withania somnifera.

Two new steroidal lactones of the withanolide-type, 5beta, 6alpha, 14alpha, 17beta, 20beta-pentahydroxy-1-oxo-20 S, 22R-witha-2, 24-dienolide (1)and 6alpha, 7alpha-epoxy-5alpha, 14alpha, 17alpha, 23beta-tetrahydroxy-1-oxo-22R-witha-2, 24-dienolide (2), were isolated from the fruit of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) growing in Southern Egypt, together with two known coumarins, scopoletin (3)and aesculetin (4), a known triterpene, viz. Beta-amyrin (5), and two known phytosterols, viz. stigmasterol (6) and sitosterol (7). The structures of the isolated compounds have been elucidated by spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, (1)H-, (13)C-NMR, DEPT experiments, HRFAB-, FAB-, and EI-mass spectrometry. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the new withanolide (1) and the alcoholic fruit extract are discussed.