Alcoholic Extract Research Articles

The Effect of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Punica granatum L. Pericarp on Hemolysin Production of several Bacterial species

Four local hemolysin producer bacterial isolates were selected, tow of them gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) and the other two were gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus cereus ). Minimum inhibitory concentration of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Punica granatum L. pericarp were determined towards the four bacterial isolates ,results obtaind showed that MICs of the aqueous extract were 200 mg/ml for E .coli and P. aeruginosa isolates while were 5 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml for B. cereus, S. aureus , respectively The MICs for the ethanolic extract were 50 mg/ml , 20 mg/ml ,1 mg/ml ,0.5 mg/ml for E. coli ,P. aeruginosa ,B. cereus ,S. aureus , respectively. The effect of Sub-MICs of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts on hemolysin production was investigated , both extracts had a suppressing effect on hemolysin production by E. coli ,P. aeruginosa ,while both extract had an inhibitory effect on hemolysin production by S. aureus and B . cereus isolates

Evaluation of Turmeric extract for human spermatozoa morphology assessment in combination with haematoxylin

Introduction: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of utilising Turmeric extract as a sustainable alternative to synthetic Eosin dye in the commonly employed Haematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) staining method for analysing human spermatozoa morphology. While H and E staining yields high-quality results, the synthetic nature of Eosin raises concerns about its environmental impact. By exploring the use of Turmeric extract as a substitute, this research aims to provide a more eco-friendly solution without compromising the staining quality. Method: A solution of Turmeric extract, comprising 15 grams per 100 ml, is formulated using 70% alcohol. This alcoholic extract is substituted for Eosin in the process of H and E staining. In the experiments, two sets of semen smears are prepared. One set is subjected to H and E staining, while the other set undergoes staining with Haematoxylin and Turmeric (H and T). The quality of staining on each slide is assessed based on various parameters, including the background of the smear, as well as the distinct sections of the sperm, namely the head, neck, body, and tail. Result and conclusion: Turmeric confers a unique coloration to the stained spermatozoa, yielding a vivid and distinguishable visual effect that contrasts with the conventional pink staining achieved through the use of Eosin. In both staining techniques, the morphology of the spermatozoa is clearly observable and distinguishable, albeit with Eosin providing enhanced contrast and sharpness. The exceptional staining capacity of Turmeric paves the path for the exploration of natural alternatives to supplant synthetic dyes.

HPTLC method to support formulation development and quality control of the tablets prepared from fruit extracts of Piper longum

Alcoholic extract of fruits of Piper longum is reported to have antihypertensive activity, significantly due to presence of alkaloids like piperine, piperlongumine, piperlonguminine and pipernonaline. A sensitive and specific HPTLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of piperine, piperlongumine and piperlonguminine in fruit extracts with a purpose to provide the analytical support during the development of formulation as well as to serve as a quality control tool for optimised formulation. Developed method was validated with respect to ICH (International Council for Harmonisation) Q2(R1) and found to be accurate, precise, sensitive, specific and robust for estimation of piperine, piperlongumine and piperlonguminine. Method was successfully applied for assay of dry powdered extract and optimised tablet formulation in terms of content of piperine, piperlongumine and piperlonguminine as well as to study the dissolution profiles of formulation batches during development stage.

Pharmacokinetics and related gender difference studies of four active components of Codonopsis Pilosula by LC-MS/MS determination

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCodonopsis pilosula (C. pilosula), commonly known as Dangshen in Chinese, had been used to regulate the immune, digestive, and circulatory systems of human. The reported pharmacokinetic studies on C. pilosula are mainly limited to in vivo profile studies of a single component. It has not been detected simultaneously the in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles of multiple active components as well as related gender difference after oral dosing of the extraction of C. pilosula. Aim of the studyThis study aims to reveal the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the four main active components of C. pilosula after oral dosing of its extraction in rats, and to explain the gender differences in absorption and metabolism. Materials and methodsThe plasma pharmacokinetic characteristics of four main active components of C. pilosula was explored using the established LC-MS/MS method after oral dosing of the extraction of C. pilosula in male and female rats. In vitro intestinal pouch permeability and liver microsome metabolic stability were also observed to classify the possible mechanism of gender difference existed in the pharmacokinetic profiles of the four active components in rats. ResultsFour effective components were absorbed quickly in rats after oral administration of alcoholic extract of C. pilosula (1.36 g/mL, equivalent to 2 g/mL as crude drug), and their exposure order was as follows: Atractylenolide III > Lobetyolin > Tangshenoside I > Syringin. The exposure (AUC) and peak concentration (Cmax) of Atractylenolide III in female rats were much higher than those in male rats, indicating a significant gender difference in pharmacokinetics of Atractylenolide III between female and male animals. With the help of the rat model of intestinal sac in vitro, it was found that Lobetyolin was a hypertonic compound, and both Tangshenoside I and Syringin were compounds with medium permeabiltiy. Notably, the Papp of Atractylenolide III was 3.3 × 10−6 cm/s in male rat intestinal sac assay, while that was 10 × 10−6 cm/s in female rat intestinal sac model, showing a significant gender difference in intestinal permeability (P < 0.05). After the addition of NADPH, the four compounds were reduced in a time-dependent manner, suggesting that CYP450s could catalyze their metabolism. After incubation, the remaining content of Atractylenolide III in the liver microsomes of male and female rats was 27% and 57%, respectively, suggesting slower metabolic rate of in female rat liver microsomes. ConclusionA simple, efficient and reliable LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of four active index components of C. pilosula, Lobetyolin, Tangshenoside I, Atractylenolide III and Syringin, in rat plasma was established and verified. This method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study after single oral administration of the alcoholic extract of C. pilosula in rats. Gender difference was observed in the pharmacokinetic profile of Atractylenolide III in rats. Intestinal absorption and liver metabolism might be two key factors that resulted in the gender difference in exposure and pharmacokinetics of Atractylenolide III in rats. This study provides supportive data for clinical rational application of C. pilosula in individualized medication therapy.

Study of some active substances and biological activity of extracts of henna leaves collected from Umm al-Qandil area -Libya (Lawsonia inermis)

The study aims to detect the active ingredients in the plant and to know their biological effectiveness against bacteria. The pH and humidity of the plant were measured. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared to obtain the crude extract in order to estimate its effectiveness against bacteria. The study showed the effectiveness of henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis) and their inhibition of the growth of some types of tested bacteria, including Staphylococcus, Strep Pyogenes, Escherichia Coli, salmonella, and Shigella. The inhibition results of the extracts varied and depended on the extraction method, temperature, and solvent used. The results of the initial chemical examination also showed that these extracts contained some important active ingredients such as (tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, resins, alkaloids), which made this plant used as a treatment for infections. The pH was estimated, and thus the importance of this plant increases as it can be used as a natural antibiotic. Therefore, we recommend studying the quantity and quality of the active compounds and knowing their molecular structure with the aim of developing natural extracts and dispensing with manufactured compounds due to the harm they cause to the living organism. Keywords: henna plant, qualitative findings, aqueous and alcoholic plant extracts, some types of pathogenic bacteria

Effectiveness Evaluation of the aqueous and alcoholic Mesembry-anthemum crystallinum L extract on the fungus Candida albicans

Scientific studies indicate the use of medicinal plants as antibiotics for some pathogenic fungi, as they do not cause side effects when used in the specified doses, either by extracting the active ingredients from each plant alone or by extracting them from more than one plant species. Thus, this study targeted the effect of inhibiting the active ingredients of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. on the activity of the fungus Candida albicans using polar solvents, namely water, ethyl alcohol and methanol, and detecting its content of active compounds. The results showed that the Ghassoul plant contains saponins and resins, as well as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and tannins in the aqueous extract, while its content was phenols, proteins, amino acids and tannins in the ethylene and methanol alcoholic extracts. The results also showed that the ethyl alcohol extract has an effect on the activity of Candida albicans, as the highest average inhibition diameter was 17 mm, and thus it can be used as a new antifungal material, while the methanol and aqueous extracts of Ghassoul have the lowest average inhibition diameters on Candida albicans, which are 16 mm and 15 mm, respectively. Keywords: medicinal plants, Ghassoul plant, aqueous extract, alcoholic extract, Candida albicans.

Medicinal Plants Derived Green Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Potential Applications in Cancer Therapy.

This review aims to explore the synthesis, characterization, and potential applications of carbon dots (CDs) derived from medicinal plants for cancer prevention, highlighting their role as a promising alternative in nanotechnological approaches. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to gather information on the synthesis methods, complex matrices, characterization techniques, and potential applications of CDs derived from medicinal plants in cancer therapy. Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as a subject of significant interest due to their favorable chemical and biological properties. Various precursors, including graphite, carbon black, and organic molecules, are utilized in the synthesis of CDs through chemical or physical methods. Notably, CDs derived from medicinal plants offer environmentally friendly alternatives, leveraging complex matrices such as aqueous, alcoholic, and hydroalcoholic extracts. This review emphasizes the green synthesis approaches, characterization techniques, and diverse applications of CDs, including drug transport, bioimaging, biosensing, and anti-cancer therapies. Furthermore, it highlights the advantages and disadvantages of different synthesis methods, aiding researchers in selecting appropriate techniques for continuous production. Carbon dots (CDs) represent a transformative advancement in nanotheranostics, offering a versatile platform for precise cancer diagnosis and therapy. With inherent anticancer properties, CDs hold promise in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), enabling precise tumor targeting while minimizing systemic toxicity. To address the limitations of standalone PDT and PTT, researchers are exploring multimodal treatment approaches integrating CDs. By leveraging the unique properties of CDs derived from medicinal plants, a new era of precision cancer therapy may be realized, emphasizing enhanced therapeutic outcomes and reduced adverse effects.

Extraction of Anacardium occidentale: a kinetic, thermodynamic, phytochemical identification, and antibacterial study

Cashew tree biomass, Anacardium occidentale, represents an underutilized part of the plant and could have great potential for application in several areas, such as bioengineering, food science, and chemical. The stirred bed process was optimized to produce extracts from Anacardium occidentale stem bark (SBAo) and leaves (LAo) for bactericide purposes. Variables as alcohol content, stirring speed (SS), particle size (PS), solid-to-solvent ratio (S/S), temperature, and extraction time were evaluated. Subsequently, kinetic, thermodynamic and diffusivity fittings of the data were performed using different nonlinear models (Peleg, 2nd order, Elovich, power law, and Fick’s 2nd law) applied to the yield curves. Extracts were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS) techniques for qualitative and quantitative determination of the phytochemicals. The optimized operating conditions obtained were ethanol in solvent at 70%, PS < 45 μm, 1200 rpm SS, 1/10 S/S ratio, and extraction time of 1 h at 50 ºC. The 2nd order kinetic model was the one that presented the best fits: SBAo (R2 > 0.9893 and RMSE < 3.4293) and LAo (R2 > 0.9985 and RMSE < 3.1117). Both A. occidentale extracts showed high levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, such as anacardic acid. Finally, the optimized extracts showed antibacterial susceptibility, with larger halos against S. aureus, 0.88± 0.07 mm (SBAo) and 0.45 ± 0.03 mm (LAo), in relation to E. coli, 0.80 ± 0.10 mm (SBAo) and 0.69 ± 0.08 mm (LAo).

Exploring the Antibacterial Activity of Ipomoea staphylina Extracts Against H. pylori: A Pharmacognostic Investigation of Whole Plant and Matured Stem with Emphasis on Quercetin Isolation.

Ipomoea staphylina Rome & Schult, entrenched in ethnomedicinal practices, is recognised for its efficacy in treating stomach disorders. Traditionally used in Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu for stomach ulcers, its matured stem bark latex is therapeutically relevant, especially for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. This prompts scientific exploration into its antibacterial properties. The research validates the antibacterial efficacy of I. staphylina extracts against H. pylori, scrutinising the whole plant and matured stem through a comparative pharmacognostic analysis. Utilising herbal standardisation techniques, we confirm the heightened purity of the powder. Antimicrobial assessments show exceptional efficacy of DME (dried Ethanolic extract of I. staphylina) and HLS (hydro alcoholic extract of I. staphylina) extracts. Quercetin isolation by using advanced instrumentation (Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], High resolution mass spectrometry [HR-MS], High-performance thin-layer chromatography [HPTLC], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR]) ensures precise compound identification. This methodology guarantees an exhaustive analysis, confirming purity and identifying bioactive components. Standardisation underscores the elevated purity of I. staphylina, with phytochemical screening revealing a predominant presence of phenolics and flavonoids. Antibacterial investigations highlight significant activity, particularly with DME and HLS extracts. These findings substantiate I. staphylina's medicinal significance, especially its matured stem latex, as a promising treatment for H. pylori-induced stomach ulcers, affirming traditional use by Dharmapuri villagers.

Fe3O4@MXene@PEI aerogel immobilized acetylcholinesterase for inhibitor screening from herbal plants

Screening of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors is a common strategy in drug discovery for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Herein, AChE was immobilized onto magnetic polyethyleneimine-based MXene aerogels through both electrostatic interactions and covalent bonds, enabling its application in AChE activity assays and inhibitor screening of herbal plants. The composite was analyzed using a range of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Zeta potential analysis, to gain insight into its chemical and physical properties. The proposed Fe3O4@MXene@PEI-AChE composite exhibited enhanced temperature and pH stability, as evaluated by Ellman’s method, along with good reusability. The Michaelis Menten constant (Km) of the immobilized AChE was calculated to be 0.68 mmol/L. Additionally, an inhibition kinetic study was conducted to verify the feasibility of utilizing the immobilized enzyme to screen for inhibitors, with huperzine A employed as a model inhibitor. The proposed strategy was employed to compare the AChE inhibitory activity of 18 commonly used herbal medicines for treating AD, revealing both the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Coptis chinensis as exhibiting the highest AChE inhibitory activity. Finally, the screening of AChE inhibitors in Coptis chinensis extracts were conducted by combining the proposed strategy with UPLC-Q-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. This study presents a feasible strategy for monitoring AChE activity and holds considerable potential for further exploration of AChE-inhibiting active ingredients in herbal medicines.

Aqueous dispersions of ‘green’ silver nanoparticles for eco-applications: Synthesis, structure and biosafety

Sustainable agriculture requires the use of intelligent compounds with multifaceted effect on soil and plants. Such conditioners can be hydrogels enriched with nanoparticles, but only those synthesized using ‘green chemistry’ methods. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to synthesize and characterize innovative ‘green’ silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for agricultural applications. AgNPs were created using water or alcohol extracts of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus viminalisLabill) and aloe (Aloë arborescens Mill) as well as tannin to reduce silver ions (Ag+) to zero valent form (Ag0). The synthesis was conducted under autoclave conditions or at room temperature, in the presence of potassium carbonate. The AgNPs characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) method, whereas stability of the AgNPs suspensions under various conditions was estimated using turbidimetry. Biosafety of the formed species was determined based on genotoxicity (comet test) and cytotoxicity (study with crystal violet and MTT) assays. The obtained results confirmed the presence of zero valent silver phase in the nanoparticles and showed that their crystallite size was 14–24 nm, with different degrees of polydispersity depending on the synthesis conditions. Hydrodynamic diameter of AgNPs and their aggregates in the aqueous dispersions varied from 6 nm to 103 nm, and the smallest aggregation degree was noted for the nanoparticles synthesized using tannin. All synthesized nanoparticles were biosafe. Thus, they can be applied in agro-industrial processes without damaging the environment.

Lignans of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill inhibits Parkinson's disease progression through mediated neuroinflammation-TRPV1 expression in microglia

BackgroundSchisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (S. chinensis), a member of the Magnoliaceae family, is renowned for its distinctive medicinal attributes and is commonly employed in the treatment of disorders affecting the CNS. PurposeThe potential therapeutic effects of a lignan-enriched extract derived from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (LSC) on PD is assessed, which focuses on its mechanisms of action in addressing neuroinflammation. MethodsThe LSC has been obtained by purifying the ethyl alcohol extract of S. chinensis. The Orbitrap-MS method has been employed to analyze the chemical composition of the LSC. In LPS-induced BV2 cells, LSC-induced changes in M1/M2 type inflammatory cytokines have been examined using the Griess reaction, Elisa, JC-1, flow cytometry, IF, and WB methods. A model of PD has been established by treatment of MPTP in C57BL/6 mice. The effect of LSC on behavioral changes, inflammatory factor levels, expression of TH and IBA-1, and production of autophagy in the midbrain has been investigated by TEM, immunohistochemistry, Elisa, and WB. ResultsLSC has relieved sports injuries and pathological damage, and targeted the TRPV1-AMPK-NLRP3 signaling pathway, which affected neuroinflammation and autophagy in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro investigations demonstrated that LSC has activated M1/M2 transformation, its related inflammatory factors, and protein expressions of the NLRP3-Caspase1 signaling pathway in LPS-BV2 cells. The research notably demonstrated that the LSC promoted autophagy and suppressed inflammation through targeting TRPV1. ConclusionIn the investigation, LSC focused on TRPV1 and controlled neuroinflammation-autophagy by regulating AMPK-NLRP3, which has been proven for the first time. The study has presented molecular data supporting the use of LSC in treating PD and offers references for developing drugs. Remarkably, LSC has the potential to be utilized as a therapeutic or health medication that could significantly decrease PD.

Synergistic Effect of Aloe Vera L. Extract Methanolic With Some Antibiotics Against S. Aureus, E-Coli and Klebslia Isolated From the Eye Affected by Inflammation

The current study included the collection of (300) samples from (150) people from patients visiting Balad General Hospital and some private clinics in Balad District - Salah Al-Din Governorate, a sample was taken from both the right and left eyes using special dry and sterile cotton swabs that can be disposed of later, for the period ranging from November 2022 to January 2023, (235) positive samples for bacterial growth were obtained, constituting 78.3% of the total samples collected, positive growth samples were diagnosed depending on their morphological, farming and biochemical properties, and the diagnosis was confirmed for a number of them using the Vitek2 system technology. The results showed obtaining 140 isolates out of a total of (235) positive samples for the Gram stain by (59.6%), while the negative isolates of the Gram stain were (95) isolates and amounted to (40.4%) of the total isolates, S. aureus was 27.65% and E-coli 10.63%, while Klebsiella was 8.51% of the total bacterial isolates isolated from the eye, including (staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus, Streptococcus Viridians, Diphtheria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, E-coli, Neisseria). The results showed the synergistic effect of the alcoholic extract (methanol) of the aloe vera plant (Aloe Vera L.) with antibiotics a significant effect compared to methanol alcoholic extract alone, the results of the study also showed that the antibiotic Ciprofloxone synergistically with the alcoholic extract methanolic of the aloe vera plant (Aloe Vera L.) it had the highest effect already synergistically with most of the bacterial species under study.

Effects of Pleurotus Eryngii (DC.) Quél. Mushroom Extracts on Cell Proliferation in Breast and Colon Cancer Cell Lines

This study was aimed to collect Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél. edible/medicinal mushroom from Çanakkale/Kumkale and to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of alcoholic extracts on breast and colon cancer cell lines. For this purpose, the Soxhlet method prepared methanol and ethanol:H2O (70:30) extracts by gradually increasing solvent polarities. Then, breast (MDA-MB-231, BT-549, BT-20, MCF-7) and colon (HT-29) cancer cell lines were treated with the extracts in increasing concentrations (0.05-0.5 mg/mL) for 48 h. In conclusion, methanol and aqueous ethanol extracts exhibited significant antiproliferative effects in cancer cell lines, according to the MTT assay. The cell viability in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cell line was highly decreased by methanol extract at a very low concentration (0.1 mg/mL). Furthermore, methanol extract at 0.3 mg/mL reduced the percentage of cell viability in the HT-29 cell line. Aqueous ethanol extract showed antiproliferative activity in breast and colon cancer cell lines at 0.25 mg/mL concentration for 48 h applications. In addition, some bioactive components such as 4-hydroxy flavone, chrysin, and tannic acid of aqueous ethanol extract have been determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. As a result, this study may increase interest in the studies on the anti-cancer activities and the mechanisms of P. eryngii mushroom.

Detection of Microscopic Characters And Evaluation Of The Anti-Inflammatory Effect Of Anagallis Arvensis L. Wildly Grown In Karbalaa’ Countryside

Anagallis arvensis is a well-known herb wildly grown in Karbalaa’ countryside. The aim of the study was to detect some microscopic features for the dried-grinded roots, leaves, flowers and seeds of the plant and evaluate the effect of the alcoholic extract of the aerials part (AEAP) on acute inflammation induced by egg-white model. Microscopic identification was done using an optical microscope. For the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect, rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6), the negative control group, the positive control (Diclofenac sodium) group, AEAP 4 mg/kg was applied to group 3 individuals and AEAP 7 mg/kg was applied to group 4. The extracts and the positive control were I.P. injected. The results of the microscopic test revealed several diagnostic characters, such as cluster oxalate crystals and xylem vessels with pitted walls in the roots. Glandular trichomes composed of one- or two-celled stalk and a spherical, unicellular head and Fragments of the fibrous layer of the anthers in the flowers, Anomocytic stomata in the leaves. The (AEAP) of A.arvensis showed an anti-inflammatory effect in both 4mg/kg and 7 mg/kg doses compared to the negative control [p&lt;0.01], while no statistically significant differences were noticed between the results of extract’s groups and the results of the positive control group.

Utilization of azamacrocyclic ionophores as recognition elements for the potentiometric determination of gallic acid in various matrices

Gallic acid is a naturally occurring low molecular weight triphenolic molecule identified as a potent antioxidant, protecting against various types of reactive species and non-radicals. Three novel carbon paste electrodes were developed for the potentiometric determination of gallic acid. Azamacrocyclic ionophors; cyclen, hexacyclen, and kryptofix-22 were utilized as recognition ionophores separately. A multi-walled carbon nanotubes/titanium oxide nanocomposite was employed as the ion-to-electron transducer in the designed sensors. The prepared transducer was characterized by FT-IR and TEM. Molecular docking was implemented to study the recognition mechanism between these ionophores and the gallic acid molecule. It revealed promising binding interactions between gallic acid and the three recognition ionophores, especially hexacyclen and Kryptofix-22. In studying the potentiometric response of the proposed sensors, they exhibited high stability, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision in the quantitation of gallic acid. Gallic acid can be accurately quantified over the linearity range of 1 × 10−1–1 × 10−3 M, 1 × 10−2–1 × 10−6 M, and 1 × 10−2–1 × 10−6 M with a Limit of detection (LOD) 4 × 10−4 M, 3 × 10−7 M, and 7 × 10−7 M, for CPE1, CPE 2 and CPE 3, respectively. The electrodes showed high efficiency in determining gallic acid in Krameria lappacea root alcoholic extract, black tea, green tea, and human plasma without sophisticated pretreatment steps.

The Antimicrobial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on some Fungi isolated from Otitis Media

This study involved the inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles with plant extracts against the fungi isolates from otitis media evaluated. A total of 216 samples were collected from individuals suffering from otitis media with age ranging from 1-70 years, who visited the Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Department at Al-Hawija General Hospital between September 2022 and March 2023.The results of culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar media showed microbial infection in otitis media in 114 samples, accounting for 52.77% of the cases. Regarding fungi, Candida spp. was the predominant species, found in 81 samples, representing 37.5%. Plant extracts demonstrated high efficiency in inhibiting fungi. The alcoholic extract of the Callistemon viminalis plant exhibited the highest inhibitory effectiveness with an average inhibition zone diameter of 16.19mm followed by the aqueous extract of the Callistemon viminalis plant with an average inhibition zone diameter of 15.44 mm. Silver nanoparticles showed inhibitory effects on the studied fungal isolates. The silver nanoparticles manufactured from the Callistemon viminalis plant exhibited the highest inhibitory effect with an average inhibition zone diameter of 17.52mm against Candida parapsilosis yeast.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Novel Herbal Endodontic Irrigant Against Enterococcus Faecalis in Root Canals of Permanent Teeth: An in Vitro Study

Background: A successful endodontic treatment is aimed at the sterilization of the entire pulp space. The use of extracts from Rhamnus prinoides as a novel irrigating material for root canal has not been studied . Hence, the antimicrobial efficacy of the alcoholic extract of Rhamnus prinoides as an irrigation material against E. faecalis was evaluated in comparison with the 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) solution used for root canals of permanent teeth. Methods: A total of 30 single-rooted human permanent teeth were thoroughly cleaned, shaped, and disinfected. Then, each tooth was subjected to a two-week infection with Enterococcus faecalis at 37 °C . Afterward, the samples were divided into three groups (10 teeth per group): 0.9% normal saline, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 250 µg/ml Rhamnus prinoides. Paper points were used before and after irrigation to collect samples. Bacterial growth was evaluated after 24 h. Bacterial colonies were counted. The data were examined statistically via one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett’s T3 post hoc test, and Shapiro–Wilk test. The level of significance was set at p&lt;0.05. Results: The 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 250 µg/ml Rhamnus prinoides demonstrated higher effectiveness against biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis than normal saline (p&lt;0.05). The percentage of antibacterial effectiveness were 94.094 ±3.342, 93.685 ±5.280, and 25.603 ±3.912. Conclusions: Rhamnus prinoides, when used as root canal irrigant solution, was effective the sodium hypochlorite against the E. faecalis biofilm.

Development of technology for pita bread with increased nutritional value

The majority of the population living in large cities and some regions of the Russian Federation show signs of decreased immunity, most often manifested in colds. One of the ways to strengthen the human body’s immune system is to eliminate the deficiency of vitamins that have immunomodulatory properties. While developing the technology for the pita bakery product, dough has been prepared from a mixture of high-grade rye and wheat flour in equal quantities. As a source of vitamins that have a beneficial effect on the human immune system, a solution of pine needles has been added instead of half the amount of water. As a source of vitamin C, black currant and cranberry puree are used in the ratio of 1 : 1. An additional source of nutrients with immunomodulatory properties is dry ginger root powder added to the stuffing in an amount of 2 % by weight of the stuffing. Apple pectin has been used to stabilize the stuffing. A solution of pine needles is prepared by mixing an alcoholic infusion of pine needles and an aqueous decoction of pine needles in a ratio of 1 : 4. The pine needle solution has been used to replace half the amount of water used to prepare the dough. The developed bakery product "Pita with berry stuffing" is prepared with a ratio of pita to stuffing of 1 : 2 by weight. The developed bakery product can be recommended for stimulating and strengthening the immune system due to the additional inclusion of vitamins (C, K, A, B2, B6, B12) in the diet with beneficial effect on the human immune system, including for residents of the northern regions of Russia.

Effect of Mirabilis jalapa Plant Fortified with Nano-Quercetine to Accelerate Wound Healing in Vivo

Given the problem of incomplete wounds affecting the skin, which leads to tearing and damage to its parts in accidents, investigation and discovery of effective medicines for wounds affecting the skin has become an important aim. Therefore, it is necessary to continue studying and experimenting with new and effective medicines, including effective substances and the discovery of effective nanomaterials. To reach efficient treatments to treat such injuries. In this study, Nano-Quercetine was prepared by grinding. This material was examined by (FTIR), (XRD) and then (FE-SEM) was used, and the results obtained were on the nanoscale with sizes ranging between (13.40-44.66 nanometers). The effectiveness and effect of the materials prepared from nanoparticles and Mirabilis Jalapa plant were studied in the living body and at different concentrations (10, 50, 100) mg on wounds in the skin of laboratory mice. The results of the study showed the effectiveness and speed of healing of wounds that affect the skin of laboratory mice using a Nano-Quercetine preparation supported by Mirabilis Jalapa plant extract. The result of wound healing was significant (p&lt;0.05) on the eighth day of the experiment, as the average and standard deviation of healing were (1.66±0.577) for the concentration of 10 mg, (0.00±0.000) for the concentration of 50 mg, (0.00±0.000) for the concentration of 100 mg, compared to the second day of the experiment, which was (28.00± 0.005, 26.96± 0.398, 25.07±0.887) for concentrations 10 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg, respectively. The results of the study showed effective activity and rapid healing of wounds affecting the skin of laboratory mice using the nano-complex of the alcoholic extract of the Mirabilis Jalapa plant fortified with quercetin. It is one of the medicinal plants that have great therapeutic value and are important vital sources. When the active substances are loaded onto the surfaces of Nano-Quercetine, it leads to their reaching the target, as plant materials are natural compounds that have enormous potential as antioxidants and are of great importance in providing health benefits against many diseases. Each part of the plant has its medicinal properties that possess different types of secondary metabolites that play an important role in treating different types of diseases, including wounds that affect humans and animals.