Alcoholic Research Articles

Alcohol and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review.

The scientific literature dealing with alcohol and alcoholic beverages revealed that these drinks possess an adverse impact on periodontal tissues. Additionally, other principal risk factors include tobacco, smoking, poor oral hygiene, etc. It has been observed that among chronic alcoholics, there are further issues, such as mental, social, and physical effects, that promote alcoholism. These people may have weak immunity for defense against pathogenic organisms and bacteria. Thus, chances of gingival bleeding, swollen gums, bad breath, and increased bone loss are there. Different alcoholic beverages in the market cause less salivation; these beverages contain sugars that promote acid production in the oral cavity by pathogens that demineralize the enamel and damage gum and teeth. This chronic alcohol consumption can progress into different types of oral disorders, including cancer, halitosis, and caries, and is also associated with tobacco and smoking. Chronic alcohol consumption can cause alteration of the oral microbiome and increase oral pathogens, which lead to periodontal disease and an environment of inflammation created in the body due to malnutrition, diminished immunity, altered liver condition, brain damage, and gut microbiota alteration. Heavily colored alcoholic beverages produce staining on teeth and, due to less saliva, may cause other toxic effects on the periodontium. Over-dependency on alcohol leads to necrotizing lesions such as necrotizing gingivitis, necrotizing periodontitis, and necrotizing stomatitis. These pathological impairments instigate severe damage to oral structures. Therefore, proper counseling by the attending dental surgeon and related health professionals is urgently required for the patient on the basis that the individual case needs to go away from the regular heavy consumption of alcohol.

Impact of pharmacists’ training on the knowledge of pain and associated risks: results of the OPTYMED 2 study

The use of OTC analgesics is common worldwide, and the importance of the pharmacy teams is growing. Pharmacist-led medication implies that the pharmacy staff should have the necessary knowledge to deliver appropriate drugs, prevent an inappropriate drug consumption, and identify the patients in need of a medical advice. A randomized controlled study to assess the impact of training on pain knowledge and associated situations at risk among the French pharmacists and dispensers was performed. Participants were randomized into two groups receiving (n = 97) or not (n = 93) a training in the e-learning format. The training consisted of the 4 modules including the general knowledge of pain, headaches, acute musculoskeletal and chronic pain. The training modules were accompanied by the summary leaflets. The success rates were significantly higher in the trained group, with 35 % of participants reaching at least 70 % (primary endpoint) versus 2.3 % in the non-trained group. The results were not influenced by the size of the pharmacy. The knowledge improvement was more pronounced for the modules on the general knowledge of pain and headache management. For the questions associated to the risk situations, the success rates of at least 70 % were also significantly higher in the trained group The highest difference in success rates after the training was observed for the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Very low rates were obtained in both groups for the secondary headaches and the analgesic treatment adjustment in particular cases, such as chronic alcoholism or low weight. Results of this pilot study show that a training focused on pain could improve the overall knowledge of pain and suggest that it may contribute to a better pain identification, management and referral to physicians of patients at risk by the pharmacy staff in routine practice. The benefits of such a training should be assessed in a long-term prospective study, and the impact of a similar training in real-life practice remains to be evaluated.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with more alcohol problems and less substance-free reinforcement: A behavioral economics daily diary study of college student drinkers.

Behavioral economic theory suggests that alcohol risk is related to elevated alcohol reinforcing efficacy (demand) combined with diminished availability of reinforcing substance-free activities, but little research has examined these reward-related processes at the daily level in association with comorbid conditions that might influence behavioral patterns and reward. Young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) report high levels of risky drinking, and this risk may be due in part to elevated demand for alcohol and diminished engagement in enjoyable and valued substance-free activities. College student drinkers (N = 101; 48.5% female; 68.3% White; 18-22 years old) with (n = 51) and without (n = 50) ADHD completed 14 consecutive daily diaries (diary entry n = 1,414). We conducted a series of multilevel path models to examine (a) the associations among ADHD and average daily alcohol demand, substance-free enjoyment, and response contingent positive reinforcement (RCPR) for goal-directed behaviors; (b) the associations among concurrent daily alcohol demand, substance-free reinforcement, and RCPR for goal-directed behaviors and daily alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences; and (c) the moderating effect of ADHD on these within-day associations. ADHD was significantly associated with more daily alcohol-related negative consequences and less daily substance-free enjoyment and RCPR. Regardless of ADHD status, there were significant associations among behavioral economic risk factors and alcohol use and negative consequences, though effects differed within and between persons. There were no moderating effects of ADHD on within-person associations. Results expose areas of impairment specific to drinkers with ADHD and advance theory on ADHD and hazardous drinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Unmasking the unresolved: alcohol abuse and addiction, a looming public health concern

Unmasking the unresolved: alcohol abuse and addiction, a looming public health concern

Clinical outcomes and resource utilization in patients with multiple myeloma admitted with gastrointestinal bleeding.

e19522 Background: In multiple myeloma (MM) patients, GIB can be due to factors such as abnormal proteins affecting the GI tract, coagulation issues, or secondary conditions like amyloidosis. There's limited scientific evidence examining outcomes among patients presenting with both GIB and MM. Thus, our objective was to assess clinical outcomes in this specific population. Methods: We accessed the National Inpatient Sample from 2017-2020 to identify adult patients with MM hospitalized due to GIB. The primary endpoint was inpatient mortality, with secondary endpoints including length of stay and total hospital charges. We utilized multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate clinical outcomes, considering a significance threshold of P < 0.05. Results: We identified 4,067,364 hospitalizations with GIB, among which 22,000 (5.9%) presented with MM. Comparing MM and Non-MM cohorts, the mean age was 71.9 vs 67.8 years, males constituted 58% vs 52.2%, and White ethnicity accounted for 55.6% vs 66.1%. The prevalence of obesity was 10.6% vs 14.5%, diabetes mellitus was 32.1% vs 33.8%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 16.9% vs 20.4%, dyslipidemia was 38.5% vs 40.7%, atrial fibrillation was 27.7% vs 25.6%, hypertension was 22.9% vs 34.7%, heart failure (HF) was 30.7% vs 26.4%, peripheral vascular disease (PVD) was 2.9% vs 4.1%, acute kidney injury was 45.6% vs 29.4%, anemia was 26.3% vs 27.7% and chronic kidney disease (CKD) was 51.9% vs 28.6%. Clinical outcomes revealed stark differences between MM and Non-MM cohorts: in-hospital mortality rates were 10.9% vs 6.3% with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.5 (CI 1.4-1.7); LOS was 9.6 days vs 6.7 days (IRR 1.26, CI 1.21-1.32); and hospital charges were $30,006 vs $20,172 (IRR 1.34, CI 1.26-1.42). All data demonstrated a p-value < 0.001 and were adjusted for various factors including age, sex, race, comorbidity indices, obesity, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, nicotine and alcohol use, stroke, acute respiratory failure, and inflation during 2017-2020. Conclusions: Patients hospitalized for GIB and MM were comparatively older, with a larger male population and fewer Caucasians. They exhibited higher Afib, HF, AKI, and CKD rates with lower occurrences of obesity, DM, COPD, dyslipidemia, HTN, anemia and PVD. This group showed a significantly worse mortality rate with prolonged hospital stays and resource utilization. This entails to have prompt medical attention, appropriate management of bleeding, and addressing the underlying causes are crucial in improving outcomes and reducing mortality rates. Treatment strategies often involve a multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, hematologists, gastroenterologists, and other specialists to provide comprehensive care tailored to the individual's condition.

Quantifying alcohol's harm to others: a research and policy proposal.

Just under 2.5million people die annually due to alcohol use. This global estimate, however, excludes most of the health burden borne by others than the alcohol user. Alcohol's harm to others includes a multitude of conditions, such as trauma from traffic crashes, fetal disorders due to prenatal exposure to alcohol, as well as interpersonal and intimate partner violence. While alcohol's causal role in these conditions is well-established, alcohol's harm to others' contribution to the overall health burden of alcohol remains unknown. This knowledge gap leads to a situation in which alcohol policy and prevention strategies largely focus on the reduction of alcohol's detrimental health harms on the alcohol users, neglecting affected others and population groups most vulnerable to these harms, including women and children. In this article, we seek to elucidate why estimates for alcohol's harm to others are lacking and offer guidance for future research. We also argue that a full assessment of the alcohol health burden that includes the harm caused by others' alcohol use would enhance the visibility and public awareness of such harms, and advancing the evaluation of policy interventions to mitigate them.

Pregaming potentiates risk between UPPS-P impulsivity and day-level drinking behavior: A test of person-environment transactions theory.

Pregaming represents a uniquely high-risk drinking event for young adults, and subfacets of impulsivity are robust predictors of alcohol use and related negative outcomes. Further, it is likely that pregame events contain social and physical stimuli that are particularly appealing for impulsive individuals, thus exacerbating risk for negative outcomes. However, no prior studies have investigated the extent to which impulsive personality traits interact with pregame events to confer alcohol-related risk. Thus, the present study examined the extent to which UPPS-P (urgency-perseverance-premeditation-sensation seeking-positive urgency) subfacets of impulsivity interact with the occurrence of pregaming to predict relations between pregaming, drinking quantity, and negative alcohol-related outcomes. College students (N = 737) completed a modified, online version of the 30-day Timeline Followback in which they reported drinking quantity, negative consequences, and whether they engaged in pregaming on a given day. Results indicated that sensation seeking and a lack of premeditation moderated relations between pregaming and drinking quantity such that those who are higher in sensation seeking and lower in their ability to plan ahead drank more on pregaming days. Sensation seeking and positive urgency moderated relations between pregaming and negative consequences such that those who are higher in positive urgency experience more consequences on pregaming days whereas those who are higher in sensation seeking experience less consequences. Future studies may benefit from more granular assessments of pregame-related risk as subfacets of impulsivity may confer momentary risk. Prevention efforts targeting the reduction of pregaming frequency, particularly among impulsive individuals, may lower overall risk for heavy drinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A systematic review of the associations between protective behavioral strategies and heavy alcohol consumption and consequences among young adults.

We systematically reviewed the literature to assess the association between use of alcohol protective behavioral strategies (PBS) and young adult heavy drinking and alcohol-related consequences. We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines to select and review research studies that were comprised of a sample of young adults ages 18-26, included PBS derived from one of 10 validated scales as an independent variable, measured heavy alcohol use or alcohol consequences as the dependent variable, and tested the direct association between the two. Studies were gathered via PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, APA PsycInfo, and Global Health. All identified study records underwent a two-step screening process and risk of bias assessment. Data were extracted from 94 studies that met inclusion criteria; 16 studies (17%) examined associations with heavy alcohol use and 91 studies (97%) tested effects of PBS on alcohol consequences. All studies that measured a total effect of PBS use (summations across all strategies) found significant negative associations with heavy alcohol use and 91% were negatively associated with alcohol consequences. Most studies that examined subscales of PBS found at least one significant, negative relation with heavy alcohol use (73%) and alcohol-related consequences (78%), though effects varied across type of subscale (e.g., manner of drinking). Our results support the use of PBS to address heavy alcohol consumption and related harms among young adults. Opportunities for refinement of current PBS in preventive interventions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Collaborative Counseling to Build a Social Construct to Overcome Alcoholic Addiction

Alcohol consumption by teenagers is influenced by environmental factors. To overcome alcohol addiction among teenagers, a social construction needs to be built. So efforts are needed to overcome alcohol addiction, namely through collaborative counseling. In Collaborative Counseling the relationships and conversations create something different bringing together the collection, application, innovation and expansion of ideas involving working professionals from various disciplines, contexts and cultures, by detailing what they actually do every day for individuals, couples, families and groups . This research uses a Mixed Method with the Triangular Design type, namely collecting quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously. Quantitative research was conducted to answer the first research question, how addicted the sample was to alcohol during the research. By using Time-series Design with a simple interrupted Time Series approach with a sample size of 8 people. The qualitative research used in this research is a phenomenological approach, namely research that answers what certain phenomena are about. This research will also be used to interpret meaning in context. From the results obtained in this research, it was found that Collaborative Counseling was successful in eliminating addiction in the research sample.

Assessing Liver Fibrosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: The Role of Non-invasive Scoring Systems and Associated Factors.

Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) constitutes a significant cause of chronic liver disease globally. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a crucial risk factor for MASLD. This investigation is aimed at assessing hepatic fibrosis in T2DM patients with MASLD. Methods This cross-sectional study focused on T2DM patients with MASLD attending a tertiary care center in eastern India. Exclusion criteria were chronic alcohol intake (more than 21 units/week for males and more than 14 units/week for females), other chronic liver diseases, and pregnancy. The study utilized abdominal ultrasonography and transient elastography, complemented by calculating the BARD score, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score, and fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) index. The prevalence of advanced fibrosis in patients with T2DM and MASLD was assessed using transient elastography. Results Among the 149 T2DM patients with MASLD studied, 59.7% were female, with an average age of 49.09 years and a T2DM duration of 7.3 years. Transaminitis was detected in 9.4% of the subjects. The risk assessment of hepatic fibrosis revealed that 14.1% of patients had a high risk of hepatic fibrosis on BARD scoring, the NAFLD fibrosis score was in the range of F3-F4 in 8.7% of patients, the FIB-4 index showed a high risk of fibrosis in 5.4% of patients, and the APRI scoring showed severe fibrosis in 3.4% of patients.The prevalence of advanced fibrosis in patients with T2DM and MASLD was 7.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.7 to 12.8), while 75.8% (95% CI 68.2 to 82.5) of participants had at least some level of hepatic fibrosis as measured by transient elastography.Notably, there was a significant positive correlation between these scores and the duration of diabetes and serum bilirubin levels, as corroborated by concordant transient elastography findings. On multivariate logistic regression, systolic blood pressure, serum total bilirubin level, and serum aspartate aminotransferase level had significant predictive value for advanced hepatic fibrosis. Conclusion The significant predictive value of systolic blood pressure, serum total bilirubin level, and serum aspartate aminotransferase level for hepatic fibrosis emphasizes the importance of integrated monitoring for these patients.

Hydrogen Peroxide Induces Ethanol-inducible CYP2E1 via the NFkB-classical Pathway: CYP2E1 mRNA Levels are not High in Alcoholic Hepatitis.

The aim of the present study is to elucidate the mechanism of CYP2E1 induction as a causative factor of alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and its relationship with inflammation. Chronic alcohol consumption induces CYP2E1, which is involved in the development of alcoholic hepatitis (AH). However, the mechanisms underlying the induction of CYP2E1 by alcohol remain unclear. Therefore, we herein investigated the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes, particularly CYP2E1, by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the concentration of which is elevated under inflammatory conditions. The mechanisms underlying the induction of CYP2E1 by H2O2 were examined with a focus on Keap1, a target factor of H2O2. We assessed changes in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the human hepatoma cell line, Hep3B, following treatment with H2O2, and evaluated changes in the expression of the NFkB-related factor RelA(p65) after the knockdown of Keap1, a regulator of Nrf2 expression by reactive oxygen species. We also performed a promoter analysis using the upstream region of the CYP2E1 gene. We herein used the GSE89632 series for non-alcoholic hepatitis (NASH) and the GSE28619 series for AH. The induction of CYP2E1 by H2O2 was significantly stronger than that of other drugmetabolizing enzymes. On the other hand, the knockdown of Keap1, a target of H2O2, markedly increased RelA(p65), an NFkB factor. Furthermore, the overexpression of RelA(p65) strongly induced the expression of CYP2E1. Four candidate p65-binding sequences were identified upstream of the CYP2E1 gene, and promoter activity assays showed that the third sequence was responsive to the overexpression of RelA(p65). We used the GSE89632 series for NASH and the GSE28619 series for AH in the present study. The expression of CYP2E1 mRNA in the liver was significantly lower in AH patients than in HC patients, but was similar in HC patients and NASH patients. We herein demonstrated that the expression of CYP2E1 was induced by H2O2. The overexpression of RelA(p65) also induced CYP2E1 mRNA expression, whereas H2O2 did not after the knockdown of RelA. These results suggest that H2O2 acts on Keap1 to upregulate RelA (p65) in the NFkB system. One of the mechanisms underlying the induction of CYP2E1 was dependent on the H2O2-Keap1-RelA axis. The results of the database analysis revealed that the expression of CYP2E1 in the liver was significantly lower in AHH patients than in NASH patients, suggesting that CYP2E1 is not the main cause of AH; however, CYP2E1 may exacerbate the pathogenesis of AH.

Fasudil alleviates alcohol-induced cognitive deficits and hippocampal morphology injury partly by altering the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules

Alcohol-Related Brain Damage (ARBD) manifests predominantly as cognitive impairment and brain atrophy with the hippocampus showing particular vulnerability. Fasudil, a Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, has established neuroprotective properties; however, its impact on alcohol-induced cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal structural damage remains unelucidated. This study probes Fasudil’s neuroprotective potential and identifies its mechanism of action in an in vivo context. Male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to 30% (v/v, 6.0 g/kg) ethanol by intragastric administration for four weeks. Concurrently, these mice received a co-treatment with Fasudil through intraperitoneal injections at a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day. Fasudil was found to mitigate alcohol-induced spatial and recognition memory deficits, which were quantified using Y maze, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition tests. Concurrently, Fasudil attenuated hippocampal structural damage prompted by chronic alcohol exposure. Notably, Fasudil moderated alcohol-induced disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules—mechanisms central to the maintenance of hippocampal synaptic integrity. Collectively, our findings indicate that Fasudil partially reverses alcohol-induced cognitive and morphological detriments by modulating cytoskeletal dynamics, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies for ARBD.

Sleep as an Important Target or Modifier in Alcohol Use Disorder Clinical Treatment: Example From a Recent Gabapentin Randomized Clinical Trial.

Alcohol consumption affects sleep both in healthy populations and in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, sleep has typically not been considered within AUD pharmacotherapy trials. We used data from a completed gabapentin clinical treatment trial to explore the medication's effect on patient-rated insomnia measured by a standard insomnia rating (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]) and whether this influenced gabapentin's effects on alcohol consumption. This study included 90 individuals with current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition AUD criteria reporting current or past alcohol withdrawal. Participants were assigned to placebo or gabapentin (up to 1200 mg/day) for a 16-week randomized controlled trial with percent heavy drinking days (PHDD) and percent abstinent days (PDA) as outcomes. Utilizing mixed-effects models, this study assessed medication effects on ISI over the trial. We then examined the interaction of baseline ISI and medication on drinking. Finally, given our previous finding of alcohol withdrawal influencing gabapentin efficacy, we added change in ISI as a potential "moderator" of the interaction of medication effects and alcohol withdrawal on drinking. Sleep (ISI) improved more in those treated with gabapentin (60.6% reduction) compared with placebo (37.8% reduction; P = 0.013). Higher baseline ISI predicted drinking in gabapentin-treated individuals (lower PHDD [ P = 0.026] and higher (PDA [ P = 0.047]). ISI was an independent predictor of PHDD decrease and PDA increase ( P < 0.001; P = 0.002), but this did not significantly moderate gabapentin's effectiveness. Although gabapentin positively impacts both alcohol use and sleep, its effect on drinking is not fully dependent on sleep improvement, implying a direct biological mechanism on alcohol use.

Incidence and associated factors of delirium after primary total joint arthroplasty in elderly patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A total of 1.5% to 20.2% of total joint arthroplasty patients experience delirium. Until now, no formal systematic review or meta-analysis was performed to summarize the risk factors of delirium after primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA). A comprehensive search encompassing Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane central database was conducted, incorporating studies available up to June 2023. We systematically reviewed research on the risk factors contributing to delirium following TJA in elderly patients, without language restrictions. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data synthesis through pooling and a meta-analysis were performed to analyze the findings. A total of 23 studies altogether included 71,095 patients with primary TJA, 2142 cases of delirium occurred after surgery, suggesting the accumulated incidence of 3.0%. The results indicated that age, current smoker, heavy drinker, mini-mental state examination score, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, history of stroke, coronary arterial disease, dementia, history of psychiatric illness, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III-IV, general anesthesia, anesthesia time, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion, β-blockers, ACEI drugs, use of psychotropic drugs, preoperative C-reactive protein level, and preoperative albumin level were significantly associated with postoperative delirium after primary TJA. Related prophylaxis strategies should be implemented in the elderly involved with above-mentioned risk factors to prevent delirium after primary TJA.

비만의 변화된 대사 적응에 대한 기능의학적 이해

The World Health Organization describes obesity as “a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health,” declaring obesity as a major health concern and disease in 1997. In 2013, the American Medical Association recognized the obesity disease condition as one associated with various pathophysiological problems requiring intervention. The global obese population continues to increase, calculated to be greater than 1 billion in 2024, or about 1 in every 8 persons. Likewise, the prevalence of obesity among Korean adults continues to increase. As a significant health risk factor and one of the main causes of chronic disease, obesity is caused by the increased intake of ultra-processed food, excessive nutritional intake, inadequate physical activity, smoking, heavy drinking, sleep disorders, particular chemicals and drugs, environmental toxins, endocrine disruptors, stress and mental illness, genetic and congenital disorders, et cetera. Obesity has detrimental effects on physical, mental, psychological, and sociological well-being, leading to body dysmorphia and image disfiguration, discomfort, disability, disease, and death. Obesity is not simply a risk factor for chronic diseases, rather, it is an epidemic of a complex chronic illness that is difficult to be cured. Obesity is exacerbated in the modern era due to rapidly changing societal lifestyles and its associated multifaceted effects. Due to the difficulty in the management of obesity, the individual causes and societal influence on lifestyle must be tightly controlled. The most decisive pathological process of obesity is inflammatory changes of adipose tissue. Produced by adipose tissue, various hormones and inflammatory agents affect normal tissue to induce an inflammatory response, leading to insulin resistance and a disruption of neuroendocrine homeostasis, particularly the reduction in thyroid hormone and the imbalance of adrenal hormones. In this article, the author will review the functional medicine aspect of altered metabolic adaptation in obesity.

Eruptive Xanthomas – A Case Report with a Review of the Literature

Eruptive xanthomas are most often the result of impaired lipid metabolism. They can be caused by a primary dysregulation in lipid metabolism (familial hyperlipoproteinemias) or by an increase in serum lipids from concomitant diseases (diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, pancreatitis, hypothyroidism, rarely hyperthyroidism, alcohol abuse, cholestasis or biliary cirrhosis, monoclonal gammopathy, multiple myeloma and leukemia) or from the use of certain medications (beta-blockers, estrogens, retinoids, protease inhibitors, cyclosporine, the antimycotic Miconazole and the antipsychotic Olanzapine (secondary hyperlipoproteinemias). Early diagnosis and adequate therapy of the skin changes and the comorbid underlying disease prevent serious life-threatening complications. A case of a 34-year-old man with papular yellowish lesions on the elbows is presented. The patient has accompanying diseases of diabetes mellitus, alcohol addiction, liver cirrhosis, chronic acute pancreatitis and chronic cholecystitis. The clinical diagnosis of eruptive xanthomas was confirmed by histopathological examination revealing foam cells in the dermis. Laboratory blood tests revealed an accelerated ESR and elevated blood glucose, transaminases, uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Hepatoprotective and antidiabetic therapy combined with a dietary regimen improved the patient&amp;apos;s condition and laboratory parameters. A partial reversal of skin lesions occurred. An overview of the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical picture, laboratory tests, differential diagnosis, dietary regimen, and treatment of eruptive xanthomas are presented.

Socio-economic association of alcohol use disorder and cardiovascular and alcohol-associated liver disease from 2010to 2019.

Alcohol use leads to disabilities and deaths worldwide. It not only harms the liver but also causes alcohol use disorder (AUD) and heart disease. Additionally, alcohol consumption contributes to health disparities among different socio-economic groups. We estimated global and regional trends in the burden of AUD, liver disease, and cardiovascular disease from alcohol using the methodology of the Global Burden of Disease study. In 2019, the highest disability-adjusted life years rate per 100,000 population was due to AUD (207.31 [95% Uncertainty interval (UI) 163.71-261.66]), followed by alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) (133.31 [95% UI 112.68-156.17]). The prevalence rate decreased for AUD (APC [annual percentage change] -0.38%) and alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy (APC -1.85%) but increased for ALD (APC 0.44%) and liver cancer (APC 0.53%). Although the mortality rate for liver cancer from alcohol increased (APC 0.30%), mortality rates from other diseases decreased. Between 2010 and 2019, the burden of alcohol-associated complications increased in countries with low and low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI), contributing more significantly to the global burden. The global burden of AUD, liver, and cardiovascular disease has been high and increasing over the past decade, particularly for liver complications. Lower SDI countries are contributing more to this global burden. There is a pressing need for effective strategies to address this escalating burden.

Развитие синдрома алкогольной дислипидемии — фактор нарушения социальной безопасности в Арктическом регионе.

Alcoholism aggravates the nutritional component of developing comorbid somatic pathology risk in the Arctic region. Against the background of alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) development peculiar changes in lipid metabolism are revealed: a low low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) content, but a high high-density lipoproteins (HDL) content. The revealed changes stimulate the search for new diagnostic approaches, with the help of which it is possible to identify hidden alcohol-associated changes in lipid metabolism and influence the mechanisms of cardiovascular system (CVS) pathology development at different stages. The aim was to identify lipid metabolism disorders in practically healthy individuals and in individuals with alcohol dependence to substantiate the specific clinical and biological syndrome isolation — alcoholic dyslipidemia and to develop an algorithm for detecting hidden alcohol-associated disorders. 208 men were examined: 96 people — with II stage SCA; 112 — practically healthy individuals. The content of total cholesterol, TG, HDL was determined by enzymatic colorimetric method, LDL — by turbidimetric method, concentrations of apolipoproteins (apo-A and apo-B) — by immuno-turbidimetric method, fatty acids — by gas-liquid chromatography. A low content of SFA (pentadecanoic, margarine, arachine, geneicosene), multidirectional changes in MSFA with a low content of myristooleic and eicosene lipid acids, but high palmitooleic and heptadecanoic; PUFA ω-6 linoleic, arachidonic. At the same time, an increase in the content of linoleic lipid acids trans-form was noted, the content of ω-3 PUFA was also lower than that of PP due to α-linolenic (C18:3ω3), docosohexaenoic (DHA), but the content of eicosopentaenoic (EPA) was higher. In narcological patients, weak correlations between LDL, TG and NLC were found, which indicates a lipid acids into LDL and TG integration violation. The absence of interrelations of ω-3 linoleic acid with EPA and DHA forming from it in patients with ADS may indicate anenzymatic processes violation.

Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Neurological Health: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease and Chronic Alcohol Consumption.

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a diverse enzyme family crucial for cell signalling in various organs. Its dysregulation is linked to numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological problems. In the brain, PKC plays pivotal roles in synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, and neuronal survival. Specifically, PKC's involvement in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis is of significant interest. The dysregulation of PKC signalling has been linked to neurological disorders, including AD. This review elucidates PKC's pivotal role in neurological health, particularly its implications in AD pathogenesis and chronic alcohol addiction. AD, characterised by neurodegeneration, implicates PKC dysregulation in synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline. Conversely, chronic alcohol consumption elicits neural adaptations intertwined with PKC signalling, exacerbating addictive behaviours. By unravelling PKC's involvement in these afflictions, potential therapeutic avenues emerge, offering promise for ameliorating their debilitating effects. This review navigates the complex interplay between PKC, AD pathology, and alcohol addiction, illuminating pathways for future neurotherapeutic interventions.

Examining Institutional-Level Factors and Campus Climate on Sexual Misconduct Reporting to Title IX Coordinators and in Annual Security Reports

ABSTRACT The present study examines the relationship between institutional-level factors and perceptions of campus climate and rates of sexual misconduct reporting to Title IX coordinators and in Annual Security reports. Data is drawn from public 4-year institutions of higher education (IHEs), community colleges, and independent IHEs in Maryland (n = 42) from 2018 to 2020. Regarding institutional level factors, higher residentiality, higher percentages of graduate students and students supported by Pell grants, and higher rates of alcohol and drug use violations were associated with higher rates of sexual misconduct reporting. On campus climate measures, only higher percentages of students reporting they know whom to contact to report sexual misconduct was associated with increased reporting. Implications for sexual misconduct prevention training and the integration of alcohol and drug use prevention into sexual misconduct prevention education are discussed. Directions for future research are also outlined.