Alcohol Nanofibrous Scaffolds Research Articles

Evaluation of the Chemical, Morphological, Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties of Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Potential Use in Oral Tissue Engineering.

BackgroundChitosan is a biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic natural polymer that can be fabricated by different methods for use in dental and biomedical fields. Electrospinning can produce polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds and membranes with desirable properties for use in tissue engineering. The objectives of this study were to investigate several morphological, physical, and biological characteristics of these nanofibrous scaffolds and evaluate their potential use in tissue engineering.MethodologyChitosan/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous scaffolds (CS/PVA NFS) in a ratio of 70/30 were fabricated by conventional electrospinning. The scaffolds were evaluated chemically by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and morphologically by the atomic force microscope (AFM) and the field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). These scaffolds were also evaluated mechanically by a tensile strength test and several investigations, including water contact angle, swelling ratio, and degradation ratio. Biological evaluations included protein adsorption, cell culture, and cell viability assay.ResultsThe morphological evaluation revealed a homogenous, bead-free mat with an average fiber diameter of 172.7 ± 56.8 nm, an average pore size of 0.54 ± 0.17 µm, and porosity of 74.8% ± 3.3%; the scaffolds showed a tensile strength of 6.67 ± 0.7 Mpa. Scaffolds showed a desired hydrophilic property, as shown by the water contact angle test with a mean angle of 29.5°, while the swelling ratio was 229%, and degradability in phosphate buffer solution after 30 days was 26.9 ± 2.9%. In-vitro cell culture study with adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells and cell viability and cytotoxicity tests by MTT assay demonstrated well-attached cells with increasing proliferation rate with no signs of cytotoxicity.ConclusionsAssessment of the CS/PVA NFS revealed randomly oriented bead-free and porous mats. The scaffolds were stable at aqueous solutions following thermal treatment. They were hydrophilic, biodegradable, and biocompatible, as shown by the cell culture and MTT assay, which suggest that the fabricated scaffolds have the potential to be used in tissue engineering applications either as scaffolds, bio-grafts, or barrier membranes.

Differentiation between cellulose acetate and polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous scaffolds containing magnetite nanoparticles/graphene oxide via pulsed laser ablation technique for tissue engineering applications

Manipulation of an appropriate scaffold for wound healingutilization is highly requested to progress the health care procedures. In this work, two sets of nanofibrous scaffolds based on cellulose acetate (CA) and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were modified with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and decorated by different concentrations of graphene oxide via laser ablation technique.The surface morphology illustrated that nanofibrous of highest content of GO through CA possess diameters around; 45−180 nm and 450−850 nm approximately, while the highest GO at PVA are about 115 nm–315 nm. GO sheets were distributed within the scaffolds with dimensions starting from 23.3 × 23 µm reaching to 26.6 × 35 µm. The maximum roughness peak height (Rp) enhanced exponentially with GO addition, while the cell viability indicated that the scaffold was highly biocompatible. The attachments of HFB4 cell lines were investigated and showed that cells were wrapped and proliferated steadily through the scaffolds. This trend encourages highly investigation for these scaffolds to be suggested for more potential applications including wound healing and dressing.

Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Embedded Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibrous Scaffolds Avert Tumour and Bacterial Growth

This communication describes a carefully designed strategy which blends biogenic silver nanoparticles with PVA scaffolds to fabricate SNP@PVA electrospun scaffolds with admirable physico-chemical properties. The hybrid scaffold demonstrated cyto-compatibility and hemo-compatibility with no adverse effects on the surrounding cells, as demonstrated by multiple assays. The growth of cancer cells was greatly prevented by SNP@PVA scaffolds, while allowing growth of normal cells. The outstanding antimicrobial features of the scaffold can be attributed to the presence of silver na-noparticles and proves the use of SNP@PVA for bio-medical applications.

Graphene oxide-modified electrospun polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous scaffolds with potential as skin wound dressings

Graphene oxide-modified electrospun polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous scaffolds exhibit good biocompatibility and have potential application in skin tissue engineering.

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous scaffolds modified by blending with chitosan for neural tissue engineering

Among several attempts to integrate tissue engineering concepts into strategies to repair different parts of the human body, neuronal repair stands as a challenging area due to the complexity of the structure and function of the nervous system and the low efficiency of conventional repair approaches. Herein, electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan nano-fibrous scaffolds have been synthesized with large pore sizes as potential matrices for nervous tissue engineering and repair. PVA fibers were modified through blending with chitosan and porosity of scaffolds was measured at various levels of their depth through an image analysis method. In addition, the structural, physicochemical, biodegradability, and swelling of the chitosan nanofibrous scaffolds were evaluated. The chitosan-containing scaffolds were used for in vitro cell culture in contact with PC12 nerve cells, and they were found to exhibit the most balanced properties to meet the basic required specifications for nerve cells. It could be concluded that addition of chitosan to the PVA scaffolds enhances viability and proliferation of nerve cells, which increases the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. In fact, addition of a small percentage of chitosan to the PVA scaffolds proved to be a promising approach for synthesis of a neural-friendly polymeric blend.