Alcohol Electrospun Nanofibers Research Articles

Drug-Loaded Poly-Vinyl Alcohol Electrospun Nanofibers for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Review on Factors Affecting the Drug Release

Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) was designed to be applied onto the skin surface and deliver the active drug across the skin into the systemic circulation. Thus, this mini-review is focusing on the factors affecting the drug release through the Poly-vinyl Alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanofiber mats into skin epidermis. Several types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with different molecular weight were reviewed. Electrospinning method was used to fabricate the PVA electrospun nanofiber mats that act as carriers of drugs for TDDS due to its excellent ability to produce ultrafine fibers with average diameters in the sub-micrometer to nanometer range, while Franz-Diffusion Cell was used for drugs release assessment. The molecular weight and the concentration of the drugs, as well as the surface area of the PVA electrospun nanofibers, played an important role in the drug release rate. Overall, mini review on factors that affecting the rate of the drugs release through electrospun PVA nanofibers shows good correlations between drugs and PVA electrospun nanofibers and have a great potential promising deliverable drugs that one day could be one of the best transdermal drug delivery system.

Improved thermostable polyvinyl alcohol electrospun nanofibers with entangled naringinase used in a novel mini-packed bed reactor

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanofibers were produced using an electrospinning technique. Key parameters (e.g. collectors, distance from needle tip to collector, among others) that influence the structure and morphology of fibers were optimized. The naringinase entrapped in PVA nanofibers retained over 100% of its initial activity after 212h of operation, at 25°C. Chemical crosslinking with several boronic acids further increased the hydrolysis temperature (up to 85°C) and yielded nanofibers with thermal stability up to 121°C.A mini packed bed reactor (PBR) developed to establish the feasibility for continuous enzymatic operation, ran for 16days at 45°C. Highest naringenin biosynthesis was attained at a flow rate of 10mLh−1. Highest volumetric (78molL−1h−1) and specific (26molh−1genzyme−1) productivities were attained at 30mLh−1. The activity of NGase in electrospun nanofibers remained constant for almost 16days of operation at 10mLh−1.

Polyvinyl alcohol electrospun nanofibers containing Ag nanoparticles used as sensors for the detection of biogenic amines

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanofibers containing Ag nanoparticles (NPs) have been deposited on glass substrates. The aim of the work was to test the feasibility of this approach for the detection of biogenic amines by using either the Ag localized surface plasmon resonance quenching caused by the adsorption of amines on Ag NPs or by detecting the amines by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) after adsorption, from the gas phase, on the metal NPs. Two different approaches have been adopted. In the first one an ethanol/water solution containing AgNO3 was used directly in the electrospinning apparatus. In this way, a simple heat treatment of the nanofibers mat was sufficient to obtain the formation of Ag NPs inside the nanofibers and a partial cross-link of PVA. In the second procedure, the Ag NPs were deposited on PVA nanofibers by using the supersonic cluster beam deposition method, so that a beam of pure Ag NPs of controlled size was obtained. Exposure of the PVA mat to the beam produced a uniform distribution of the NPs on the nanofibers surface. Ethylendiamine vapors and volatile amines released from fresh shrimp meat were chemisorbed on the nanofibers mats. A SERS spectrum characterized by a diagnostic Ag–N stretching vibration at 230 cm−1 was obtained. The results allow to compare the two different approaches in the detection of ammines.

Improved Electrical Conductivity of Carbon/Polyvinyl Alcohol Electrospun Nanofibers

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) gained much interest in the last few years due to their promising electrical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics. This paper investigates a new nanocomposite composed of carbon nanofibers hosted by PVA and both are integrated in one electrospun nanofibers web. This technique shows a simple and cheap way to offer a host for CNFs using traditional deposition techniques. The results show that electrical conductivity of the formed nanofibers has been improved up to 1.63 × 10−4 S/cm for CNFs of weight 2%. The peak temperature of mass loss through TGA measurements has been reduced by 2.3%. SEM images show the homogeneity of the formed PVA and carbon nanofibers in one web, with stretched CNFs after the electrospinning process. The formed nanocomposite can be used in wide variety of applications including nanoelectronics and gas adsorption.

Biomimetic growth of bone-like apatite via simulated body fluid on hydroxyethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol electrospun nanofibers

In this study, randomly oriented hydroxyethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol (HEC/PVA) nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning. The blend solutions of HEC/PVA with different weight ratio of HEC to PVA were prepared using water as solvent to fabricate nanofibers. These nanofibrous scaffolds were coated with bone-like apatite by immersing into 10x simulated body fluid (SBF) for different time periods. The morphology and structure of the nanofibers were characterized by SEM, FTIR and DSC. FESEM-EDS and FTIR analysis were used to confirm the deposition of apatite on the surface of nanofibers. The results of this study suggest that this apatite coated nanofibrous scaffolds could be a suitable biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.

Preparation of fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol electrospun nanofibers with diameters of sub-200 nm by viscosity control

Fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (FH-PVA) electrospun fibers with uniform diameters of less than 200 nm were fabricated by reducing the viscosity of FH-PVA aqueous solutions. A novel viscosity-modifier (hydrazine monochloride [HMC]) gradually reduced the viscosity of FH-PVA aqueous solution over a period of several days. This phenomenon is counter to the effect of the usual salt addition. After being stored for several days, the viscosity decreased by up to 60% compared with that of an equivalent pure FH-PVA solution. From small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra observations it is evident that this effect results from the reconfiguration of hydrogen bonding. The viscosity control of FH-PVA solutions with HMC were used to electrospin highly uniform ultrafine fibers (diameter <200 nm).