Alcohol Drinking Habits Research Articles

The Lifestyle of Hypertensive People and its Health Effects

Lifestyle changes have brought many problems in people like hypertension, hyperacidity, diabetes, heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease, cancer etc. Therefore, this study has been done to find out the effect of lifestyle on some people with high blood pressure in Kawasoti Nawalpur. This study was conducted using a convenient survey method and using an interview schedule. In this study, a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope were used to find out the blood pressure and a weighing machine and measuring tape were used to find out the body mass index (BMI) of the hypertensive people.A study of 320 people found that 108 people had high blood pressure. After analyzing the data, found that the analyzing main causes of hypertension in hypertensive people are; obesity (38.89%), alcohol consumption (55.56%), smoking (81.48%), more salt and junk food intake (74.07%), and living a sedentary lifestyle (35.19%) etc. The effects of hypertension on hypertensive people are; headache (82.40%), having trouble sleeping (50.92%), Dizziness (49.07%), shortness of breath (13.89%), epistaxis (8.33%), and feel palpitation (33.33%). They have tried to reduce hypertension by losing weight by doing many tasks like fasting once a week (68.51%), yoga or physical exercise (33.33%), reducing alcohol drinking and smoking habits (85.18%) etc. So, after finding out the main causes of hypertension, the researcher wants to suggest to hypertensive people to change their lifestyle including losing weight.

Serum determination of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in chronic liver disease according to alcohol consumption, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatitis C

This study aimed to evaluate serum concentration of MMP-2 and -9 in different etiologies of liver disease also according to fibrosis stages. Cross-sectional multicentric study, including subjects with no alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic Hepatitis C (CHC), alcohol cirrhosis (CiOH) and alcoholism (OH), groups with alcohol drinking habits were classified according to OMS criteria, with clinical and biochemical evidence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Transitional elastography (Fibroscan) was performed in NAFLD and CHC, considering mild fibrosis (FL: F0, F1, F2) and severe fibrosis (FA: F3, F4). As controls, subjects without alcohol consumption (CT) were recruited. Multiplex®-MERCK© was used for MMP-2 and -9 quantification. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann Whitney-U test, p<0.05, with SPSS V.22. The groups included were: 27 NAFLD (mild fibrosis: F0, F1, F2), 36 NAFLD (severe fibrosis: F3, F4), 48 CHC (mild fibrosis: F0, F1, F2), 54 CHC (severe fibrosis: F3, F4), 45 (CiOH), 99 (OH), and 138 CT. Both gelatinases, MMP-2 y MMP-9, were found elevated in CHC (mild and severe fibrosis) vs. CT; and decreased in OH, CiOH, HGNA (mild and severe fibrosis) vs. CT, plus there are significant differences between all etiologies, p<0.001. In patients with CHC, MMP-2 y -9 serum concentration increases, particularly in severe fibrosis stages, although it has no effect on ECM (extracellular matrix) degradation, as they are inactive. Nevertheless, there is a significant decrease in these gelatinases in ALD and NAFLD. MMP-2 y MMP-9 module depends on the etiological agent involved, which can be useful for the differential diagnosis of liver diseases. This work was partially financed by CONACyT SALUD-2016-272579 (GRG) and PAPIIT- UNAM TA200515 (GRG). The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRETCHING EXERCISES ON LEVEL OF MUSCLE CRAMPS DURING HEMODIALYSIS AMONG CKD PATIENTS IN SELECTED HOSPITAL AT DEHRADUN (UTTARAKHAND)

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRETCHING EXERCISES ON LEVEL OF MUSCLE CRAMPS DURING HEMODIALYSIS AMONG CKD PATIENTS IN SELECTED HOSPITAL AT DEHRADUN (UTTARAKHAND)

Childhood neglect is associated with low affect and high stress in habitual alcohol drinkers.

Adverse childhood experiences, ranging from childhood trauma to neglect or mistreatment, show associations with alcohol dependence in adulthood. Alcohol researchers have not yet clearly demonstrated the potential impact of childhood maltreatment on everyday drinking in alcohol consumers who do not have an alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study examined whether a history of childhood neglect results in differential ratings of stress, affect, and desire to drink, during typical alcohol consumption in moderate to heavy drinkers without an AUD. The parent study from which these analyses were generated recruited overall healthy, albeit moderate to heavy alcohol users who fell above National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) classifications for low-risk drinking. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) responses were collected, and real-time surveys were collected in participants' natural environments approximately every three hours between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. using iPhones equipped with a study-created application probing stress, affect, and desire for alcohol, while participants followed their typical drinking routine (3 days) and during a brief period of imposed abstinence (3 days). Thirty-six participants averaging 41 years of age and consuming an average of 17 (±5) drinks per week participated in this study. CTQ responses showed low prevalence of childhood abuse, but moderate to high emotional (M = 17.39, SD = 6.77) and physical neglect (M = 11.11, SD = 3.31) scores. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher stress and lower affect ratings among participants reporting higher physical neglect. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with decreased stress, and increased affect and desire for alcohol. A significant interaction showed that as childhood physical neglect ratings increased, the benefits observed following drinking (of decreased stress, and increased affect and desire for alcohol) were reduced. These results suggest that moderate to heavy healthy daily drinkers with histories of greater childhood physical neglect experience poorer mood and higher stress on a daily basis, with smaller improvement experienced from drinking alcohol. Among moderate to heavy daily drinkers without an AUD, those with greater childhood physical neglect experience poorer mood and higher stress on a daily basis, and have smaller improvements in stress, affect and desire while/following drinking alcohol than those with less childhood physical neglect.

Attenuation by habitual alcohol drinking of the associations of obesity with blood pressure and pulse pressure.

Obesity and alcohol drinking are known to be risk factors for hypertension. However, it remains to be determined whether alcohol affects the relationships of obesity with blood pressure and pulse pressure. The participants in this study were 29 171 men who had received annual health checkups. Relationships of BMI with blood pressure and pulse pressure were investigated in four subject groups divided by average daily alcohol consumption (grams of ethanol/day), non-, light (<22), moderate (≥22 and <44) and heavy (≥44) drinkers. BMI was significantly correlated with SBP and DBP levels both in nondrinkers and drinkers. The strength of the correlations was significantly weaker in drinkers than in nondrinkers. Odds ratios for hypertension in subjects with vs. subjects without obesity tended to be lower with an increase in alcohol intake (odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals: 4.09 (3.69-4.52) in nondrinkers; 3.11 (2.62-3.68) in light drinkers; 2.87 (2.61-3.16) in moderate drinkers; 2.81 (2.49-3.18) in heavy drinkers). Pulse pressure was weakly but significantly associated with BMI and obesity, and these associations were significantly weaker in heavy drinkers than in nondrinkers. There were significant odds ratios for hypertension and high pulse pressure of the interaction term between obesity and alcohol drinking. The associations of BMI with blood pressure and pulse pressure and the associations of obesity with hypertension and high pulse pressure were weaker in drinkers than in nondrinkers. Thus, alcohol drinking attenuates the associations of obesity with hypertension and high pulse pressure.

The Contribution of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Promoter Genotypes to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Susceptibility.

Metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) has been previously found to be up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens and cells, favoring epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, the contribution of MMP-7 genotypes to HCC has not been revealed to date. The study aimed to evaluate the contribution of MMP-7 promoter A-181G (rs11568818) and C-153T (rs11568819) genotypes on the risk of HCC in Taiwan, where HCC incidence is extremely high compared to worldwide data. In this case-control study, MMP-7 genotypes and their association with cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking habits were determined in 298 HCC patients and 889 healthy subjects by a typical polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methodology. Ever smokers and alcohol drinkers were represented with higher percentages in the case group compared to the control group. MMP-7 rs11568818 genotypes were not found differentially distributed in case and control groups (p for trend=0.5246). People of the analyzed cohort of the present study were all of CC genotypes at their rs11568819 polymorphic sites, without any CT or TT genotypes. As for gene-lifestyle interactions, people with variant genotypes at MMP-7 rs11568818 had the same odds for HCC development compared to the wild-type AA genotype, no matter whether the subjects belonged to the smoker, non-smoker alcohol drinker, or non-drinker groups. MMP-7 variant genotypes did not present any significance towards being a marker for HCC risk in Taiwanese.

Pleural Infections: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates and Associated Factors in Suspected Hospitalized Patients at Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Background: Pleural infection remains a clinical problem with high morbidity and mortality all over the world. Antimicrobial options are uncertain due to the lack of understanding of the bacteriology of pleural infection. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine bacteriological profiles, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with pleural infection. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in Arba Minch General Hospital from 1 st January to 30 th November 2020. Socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire. Adducted amounts of pleural fluid samples were collected aseptically with sterile test tubes. Standard procedures were utilized for bacterial identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby–Disk Bauer's diffusion method. Version 25 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 152 hospitalized patients were enrolled in this study. The overall magnitude of bacterial pleural infection was 27.6%. The predominant bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus with 34.9%, followed by Escherichia coli with 11.6%. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates account for around 48.8% of all isolates, with Gram-positive bacterial isolates accounting for 71.4%. Methicillin-resistant was found in 26.7% and 33.3% of isolated Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), respectively. One isolate of Enterococcus spp. was found to be vancomycin-resistant. All isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes were susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, and vancomycin. Likewise, isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa was susceptible to piperacillin. The pleural infection showed a statistically significant association with age group less than or equal to 25 years old (p&lt;0.001), hospital admission for more than seven days (p&lt;0.007), chest tube drainage (p&lt;0.021), previous history of pneumonia (p&lt;0.029) and habit of alcohol drinking (p&lt;0.029). Conclusion: The overall rate of culture-confirmed pleural infection was high, and a considerable percentage of bacteria isolates showed increased resistant to routinely used antibiotics, indicating that more attention is needed to follow the spread and emergence of drug-resistant bacterial agents.

Perceived Stress and Cardiovascular Disease in a Community-Based Population

Background: Perceived stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Their associations with CVDs in the Chinese population are less investigated. The present study aims to investigate the associations of perceived stress with well-defined CVDs in a population-based survey in Shenzhen, China. Methods: In the community-based survey, we recruited 2,287 participants aged 18 years and over from 8 communities in Shenzhen, China. Perceived stress was assessed using the modified Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale with 14 items and a five-point Likert scale. CVDs including coronary heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation were ascertained from electronic health records and confirmed by family physicians. Potential confounders included age, sex, educational attainment, occupation, smoking, and alcohol-drinking habits. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to estimate the magnitude of the associations. Results: Overall, the average perceived stress score was 37.2 (standard error: 7.2 and range: 14–70) among the participants. The prevalence of CVDs was 2.7%. After controlling for age, sex, educational attainment, occupation, smoking, and alcohol-drinking habits, a higher perceived stress score was significantly associated with higher risks of CVDs (odds ratio [OR]: 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.55). The associations were comparable among men (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01–1.43) and women (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.02–1.63). We also examined the potential nonlinear relationship using restricted cubic spines and found that the relationship was almost linear. Conclusions: Our analysis showed that higher perceived stress was associated with higher risks of CVDs among adults. Future studies are warranted to clarify the biological mechanisms and shed light on these associations.

17.1 Habitual Heavy Alcohol Drinking in Healthy Adults Is Associated With Reduced Circadian Photoreceptor Responsivity to Light

Habitual alcohol consumption and circadian timing are connected. Studies have found that heavy alcohol use is associated with eveningness. Only 2 studies have assessed dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in the context of habitual alcohol use, and both reported that a shorter DLMO-midsleep interval was associated with heavier alcohol use. A gap in this research is the potential impact of alcohol use on the circadian photoreceptor and the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which influence circadian timing.

Ethyl glucuronide in hair: A 5-years retrospective cohort study among drivers under the influence of psychoactive substances and alcohol

The main aim of the study was to investigate ethyl glucuronide (EtG) hair levels and alcohol consumption behaviour of a large cohort of driving under the influence (DUI) subjects between 2015–2019. Since alcohol is the most widespread psychoactive substance in the world, evaluation of alcohol drinking behaviours can help in preventing alcohol misuse or, at least, limit high-risk situation, such as driving under the influence of ethanol. Ethyl glucuronide in hair is a sensitive and specific biomarker for estimating previous continuative alcohol consumption within a relatively long period, depending on hair length. EtG in hair tests, measured in the period 2015–2019, to all the 18 years old subjects that were resident in the Province of Pavia, were collected and evaluated. The province of Pavia has been divided into three districts, namely the main city together with hinterland (district I), the agricultural flat area (district II) and the rural hilly area (district III). EtG level was defined as ordinal variable, thus dividing data into three groups depending on the drinking behaviour (teetotallers or occasional drinkers, moderate continuative users, and chronic excessive alcohol users). Effects of age, gender and district on alcohol consumption behaviour are investigated with an ordinal logit model. A state sequence analysis was used to study people's alcohol consumption behaviour over time. In total, 22.2% of the drivers provided EtG in hair values. Among positive cases, a prevalence of males (96.3%), aged 35–44 (32.6%), coming from district I (38.2%) was observed. All age classes have a reduced drinking risk if compared to the ≥ 55 years old class: subjects aged 18–24 have 70% (OR≈0.29, P < 0.001) lower risk, 63% (OR≈0.37, P < 0.001) lower risk for the 25–34, half (OR≈0.51, P < 0.001) for the 35–44 and 36% (OR≈0.64, P < 0.001) for the 45–54. A general decreasing trend in EtG values over time was observed for the subjects who have undergone at least 4 repeated EtG measurements ( n = 460). Our study indicates that, compared to 2015, in the last few years the portion of heavy drinkers, among subjects tested for hEtG due to DUI issues, has decreased. When drinking habits were related to age, we observed that overall high-risk increased with increasing age. The characteristics of the territory are also associated with different drinking patterns: in the district mainly devoted to the cultivation of vineyards (district III) there is a 31% higher risk of being a drinker compared to people living in district I. The data obtained from this retrospective observational study suggested that the inclusion of EtG in hair test in the protocol for driving license renewal (DLR) could have contributed to raise awareness among people about the new diagnostic tools available for monitoring alcohol chronic behaviors, thus partially limiting ethanol consumption habits associated with high-risk issues. EtG in hair test in the drive license reissuing protocol appeared to contribute in decreasing alcohol misuse behaviors. Moreover, this study highlighted some potential risk factors related to alcohol drinking habits among drivers such as being male sex, age ≥ 55 years, and coming from rural areas.

The socioeconomic gradient of alcohol use: an analysis of nationally representative survey data from 55 low-income and middle-income countries

SummaryBackgroundAlcohol is a leading risk factor for over 200 conditions and an important contributor to socioeconomic health inequalities. However, little is known about the associations between individuals’ socioeconomic circumstances and alcohol consumption, especially heavy episodic drinking (HED; ≥5 drinks on one occasion) in low-income or middle-income countries. We investigated the association between individual and household level socioeconomic status, and alcohol drinking habits in these settings.MethodsIn this pooled analysis of individual-level data, we used available nationally representative surveys—mainly WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance surveys—conducted in 55 low-income and middle-income countries between 2005 and 2017 reporting on alcohol use. Surveys from participants aged 15 years or older were included. Logistic regression models controlling for age, country, and survey year stratified by sex and country income groups were used to investigate associations between two indicators of socioeconomic status (individual educational attainment and household wealth) and alcohol use (current drinking and HED amongst current drinkers).FindingsSurveys from 336 287 participants were included in the analysis. Among males, the highest prevalence of both current drinking and HED was found in lower-middle-income countries (L-MICs; current drinking 49·9% [95% CI 48·7–51·2] and HED 63·3% [61·0–65·7]). Among females, the prevalence of current drinking was highest in upper-middle-income countries (U-MIC; 29·5% [26·1–33·2]), and the prevalence of HED was highest in low-income countries (LICs; 36·8% [33·6–40·2]). Clear gradients in the prevalence of current drinking were observed across all country income groups, with a higher prevalence among participants with high socioeconomic status. However, in U-MICs, current drinkers with low socioeconomic status were more likely to engage in HED than participants with high socioeconomic status; the opposite was observed in LICs, and no association between socioeconomic status and HED was found in L-MICs.InterpretationThe findings call for urgent alcohol control policies and interventions in LICs and L-MICs to reduce harmful HED. Moreover, alcohol control policies need to be targeted at socially disadvantaged groups in U-MICs.FundingDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the US National Institutes of Health.

A prospective cohort study of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and liver cancer incidence in Chinese men

Population-based prospective studies on the associations of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and primary liver cancer remain limited in Mainland China. Our study was designed to evaluate such relationships in middle-aged Chinese men. Self-reported habits of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking were obtained from all cohort members at the baseline survey. The outcomes were identified through in-person follow-up and annual record linkage to multiple statistics of vital and cancer registration. Age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated utilizing the Cox regression model. After a median follow-up of 12.31 years, 329 cases of incident primary liver cancer occurred among 45 266 male participants. Compared with never smoker, former smoker was positively associated with liver cancer risk, with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.02-1.98). Individuals who had smoked for more than 40 years had a 49% increased risk of liver cancer (HR≥40 years 1.49, 95% CI 1.04-2.14). The association of alcohol drinking with liver cancer showed no statistical significance. Our study provided evidence that cigarette smoking was positively associated with an increased liver cancer risk among Chinese men. Attention to such non-viral modifiable risk factors to prevent liver cancer effectively is needed.

Dyslipidemia and Its Associated Factors Among Helicobacter pylori-Infected Patients Attending at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, North-West Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundDyslipidemia refers to a lipid profile disturbance due to decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Helicobacter pylori infection can lead to some appetite-related disorders that may cause deregulated absorption of nutrients in the digestive system, contributing to changes in serum lipids. The purpose of this study is to assess dyslipidemia and its associated factors among H. pylori-infected patients attending at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.MethodsA comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 231 H. pylori-positive and control groups, which were included by the convenience sampling technique from March to May 2021 at University of Gondar Specialized Hospital. Sociodemographic and behavioral characteristic data were collected using a pretested questionnaire, and 5mL of venous blood were used to determine the lipid profiles using DxC 700 AU chemistry analyzer. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Mann–Whitney U-test and multivariable logistic regression were applied, and P-value <0.05 is considered statistically significant.ResultsThe magnitude of dyslipidemia among H. pylori-infected patients was 71.8% (95% CI: 62.7–79.7). There was a statistically significant difference in lipid profiles between H. pylori-infected patients and control groups. The median (IQR) of lipid profiles in H. pylori-infected patients and control groups were for low-density lipoprotein: 108 (89.8, 145.5) vs 95 (79.45, 115.8, P<0.001), for triglycerides: 93 (65,117) vs 83 (58.5, 102, P=0.031), and cholesterol: 143 (119.5, 169,) vs 125 (110,143, P<0.001) mg/dl, respectively. Helicobacter pylori infection, alcohol drinking, unable to read and write, primary school, and secondary school were a significant associated variables with dyslipidemia (P<0.05).ConclusionThere was a median lipid profile statistically significant difference between H. pylori-positive and control groups. Helicobacter pylori infection, educational status, and alcohol drinking habit had statistically significant association with dyslipidemia.

Burden of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adult populations in Wolaita Sodo Town, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

BackgroundHypertension is defined as two or more measurements of systolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 80 mm Hg. At the community level, symptoms of hypertension are not often detected in the early stages and it leads to many people being left undiagnosed with the disease. Undiagnosed hypertension increases the risk of complications like heart failure, kidney failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and premature death. There is a paucity of studies concerning the burden of undiagnosed hypertension in Ethiopia including the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden of undiagnosed hypertension among adults in Wolaita Sodo Town, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia,2021.Methods and materialsA community-based cross-sectional study involving 662 study participants was conducted at Wolaita Sodo Town from May 3 to July 3, 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the total number of participants. The data was entered using Epidata version 3, and analyzed by SPSS version 25 respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to check for a possible association. P-values < 0.05 and 95% CI were used on multi-variable analysis as the threshold for the significant statistical association.ResultsA total of 644 have participated in the study giving a response rate of 97.3%. The mean (± SD) age of the study participants was 39.18 (± 10.64) years. This finding showed that the burden of undiagnosed hypertension was 28.8% (95% CI: 24.7–33.2%). Body mass index with overweight (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.17–6.86), the presence of unrecognized diabetic mellitus (AOR = 1.31 95% CI: 1.11–2.15) habit of alcohol drinking (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.31–4.48), triglyceride (AOR = 3.48 95% CI: 1.22–9.95), age 31–43 years (AOR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.02–2.01) were significantly associated factors with undiagnosed hypertension.ConclusionsThe burden of undiagnosed hypertension findings was high. Body mass index with overweight, unrecognized diabetic mellitus the habit of alcohol drinking, triglyceride, and age 31–43 years were the factors with undiagnosed hypertension. These findings suggested that preventing risk factors and screening for hypertension at the community level should be encouraged for early detection, and monitoring of the burden of hypertension with ages more than 30 years old, high body mass index, and undiagnosed diabetic mellitus in the population.

Assessing Alcohol Expectations in University Students: the APNE Scale

The increasing prevalence of alcohol consumption at early ages has led to major efforts to identify alcohol drinking habits within this highly vulnerable group, and individuals with hazardous patterns of alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Alcohol Positive and Negative Expectations Scale (APNE; a new screening tool developed to identify expectations toward alcohol), and to examine the patterns of alcohol drinking in young adults. The sample included n = 1309 participants (college students) with age range 20 to 25 years. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) performed through Generalized Structural Equation Models (GSEM) verified the structure of the APNE, correlational models evaluated convergent-discriminant validity, and logistic regression assessed the discriminative ability to identify harmful drinking. The bifactor structure for the APNE was confirmed (positive and negative expectations toward alcohol drinking), with adequate goodness-of-fit (RMSEA = 0.052, CFI = 0.936, TLI = 0.914, and SRMR = 0.075). Multi-group modeling showed invariance by sex (p = .543) and age (p = .395) for the measurement coefficients. High correlations with external measures of alcohol use/abuse and discriminant capacity to identify harmful drinking were obtained. Compared to men, women reported higher mean scores in the negative expectations factor (p = .003). Polynomial linear trends showed that the likelihood of positive expectations toward alcohol decreased with age, while negative expectations increased. The APNE is a brief, reliable, valid, and accurate tool to assess positive and negative expectations toward alcohol consumption in college students. Tools like the APNE can support policymakers to make informed decisions about the implementation of prevention and treatment programs targeted at this segment of the population, the development of personalized alcohol programs, and the reappraisal of public campaigns.

Relationship Between Preoperative Alcohol Consumption and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Liver Resection: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis in a Single Institute.

Patients with alcohol drinking habits have less nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy because of cytochrome P450 enzyme induction. However, few studies have examined the effect of alcohol consumption on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We conducted a study to clarify the relationship between alcohol drinking habits and PONV. Data of patients undergoing hepatectomy under general anesthesia between 2016 and 2020 were retrospectively collected. Since alcohol drinking habits vary by gender, age, and comorbidities, propensity score matching was performed to adjust patient background before multivariate logistic regression analysis. Seventy-eight patients in the alcohol consumption and non-consumption groups were matched by propensity matching. Univariate analysis showed that alcohol consumption (P = 0.04) and male (P ＜ 0.001) were the factors that significantly reduced PONV. Multiple logistic regression analysis including intraoperative factors showed that alcohol consumption (odds ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.90) and female (odds ratio, 5.34; 95% CI, 2.0-14.2) were associated with PONV as factors affecting PONV. Patients with no alcohol drinking habits may be at higher risk of PONV.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NON-DIPPER OR NIGHT-TIME BLOOD PRESSURE PATTERN AND ALCOHOL DRINKING OR QUALITY OF SLEEP IN KOREAN REGISTRY OF AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING STUDY

Objective: Non-dipper or reverse dipper is known to be associated with adverse cardiovascular prognosis in general population and clinical cohort. There are few large sized to explore the factor related to non-dipper or nighttime blood pressure pattern in terms of sleep quality and lifestyle factors. Design and method: With the database of Korean multicenter nationwide prospective Registry of Ambulatory Blood Pressure monitoring (KORABP) study, 3745 patients referred for blood pressure evaluation was nalysed for clinical profiles including current smoking and alcohol drinking habits, sleep quality in 4 Likert scale as hardly sleep, poor sleep, not so bad, and very good with 1 to 4 points, and medical history. Results: Age was 55.5+/-14.3 years and female was 45%. BMI was 24.7+/-3.4 kg/m2. 33.6% of the study population. Smoking and drinking habits 14.6% and 37.2%, respectively. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and cardiovascular diseases were 19.0%, 27.9% and 22.1%, respectively. Normotensive, untreated hypertension, and treated hypertension were 29.1%, 37.2% and 33.6%, respectively. Sleep qualities in hardly sleep, poor sleep, not so bad, and very good were 14.7%, 32.6%, 32.1% and 20.6%, respectively. In multivariable regression analyses for non-dipper or reverse dipper, age &gt; 56 years, cardiovascular disease history, hypertension by ABPM, and poor sleep are positively associated factors whereas drinking and hypertension by clinic BP were negatively associated factors. Antihypertensive medication has no association. Sleep quality was negatively and positively associated with extreme dipper and reverse dipper, respectively. Conclusions: Age, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension by ABPM were associated with non-dipper. Drinking was associated with dipper. Good and poor sleep qualities were significant factors for extreme dipper and reverse dipper or non-dipper, respectively.

0212 Habitual Heavy Alcohol Drinking in Healthy Adults is Associated With Reduced Circadian Photoreceptor Responsivity to Light

Abstract Introduction Habitual alcohol consumption and circadian timing are interconnected. Numerous studies have reported that heavy alcohol use is associated with eveningness. Only two studies have assessed the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in the context of habitual alcohol use, and both reported a shorter DLMO-midsleep interval was associated with heavier alcohol consumption. A gap in this research is the potential impact of alcohol use on the primary circadian photoreceptor, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which influence circadian timing. This study aimed to compare sleep, circadian timing, and photoreceptor responsivity between light and heavy alcohol drinkers. Methods Participants were healthy (average age 27 years) and included 28 light (average 2.6 drinks/week) and 50 heavy (average 17.9 drinks/week) drinkers. They participated in an 8-day study protocol: 1 week of adlib sleep monitored with wrist actigraphy, followed by a 9-hour laboratory session with a photoreceptor responsivity (post-illumination pupil response, PIPR) and circadian phase assessment. Participants passed a breathalyzer test at the start of the laboratory session. Results Both drinking groups were good sleepers with minimal mood disturbance. Consistent with earlier studies, the heavy drinkers had more eveningness (p=0.029), and a trend for a shorter DLMO-midsleep interval (p=0.059) as compared to the light drinkers. The PIPR in the heavy drinkers was significantly smaller than in the light drinkers (p=0.006), suggesting reduced circadian photoreceptor responsivity in the heavy drinkers. In the light drinkers, a larger PIPR in the evening, reflecting greater sensitivity to phase-delaying light, was significantly associated with a later DLMO (r=0.42, p=0.028). However, this relationship was absent in the heavy drinkers (r=-0.07, p=0.68). Conclusion The findings replicate previous work examining the relationship between chronotype, DLMO, and habitual alcohol consumption. For the first time, circadian photoreceptor responsivity was examined, and found to be significantly reduced in heavy alcohol drinkers as compared to light alcohol drinkers. This finding is consistent with prior rodent studies that found reduced phase shifts to light with acute or chronic alcohol consumption, and suggests that habitual heavy alcohol use may impair the circadian response to light in humans. Support (If Any) Grant awarded from NIAAA R01 AA023839.

Relationship Between Preoperative Alcohol Consumption and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Liver Resection: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis in a Single Institute.

Patients with alcohol drinking habits have less nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy because of cytochrome P450 enzyme induction. However, few studies have examined the effect of alcohol consumption on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We conducted a study to clarify the relationship between alcohol drinking habits and PONV.Data of patients undergoing hepatectomy under general anesthesia between 2016 and 2020 were retrospectively collected. Since alcohol drinking habits vary by gender, age, and comorbidities, propensity score matching was performed to adjust patient background before multivariate logistic regression analysis.Seventy-eight patients in the alcohol consumption and non-consumption groups were matched by propensity matching. Univariate analysis showed that alcohol consumption (P = 0.04) and male (P ＜ 0.001) were the factors that significantly reduced PONV. Multiple logistic regression analysis including intraoperative factors showed that alcohol consumption (odds ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.90) and female (odds ratio, 5.34; 95% CI, 2.0-14.2) were associated with PONV as factors affecting PONV.Patients with no alcohol drinking habits may be at higher risk of PONV.

High fibrosis-4 index predicts the new onset of ischaemic heart disease during a 10-year period in a general population.

AimsThe fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, calculated using age, platelet count, and levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, is a non-invasive indicator for the detection of liver fibrosis. Advanced hepatic fibrosis is associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the relationship between liver fibrosis and the development of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has not fully been addressed.Methods and resultsWe investigated the association between the FIB-4 index and the new onset of IHD during a 10-year period in a general population of subjects who received annual health examinations (n = 28 990). After exclusion of subjects with missing data and those with a history of IHD at baseline, a total of 13 448 subjects (men/women: 8774/4674, mean age: 48 years) were included. During the 10-year period, 378 men (4.3%) and 77 women (1.6%) had a new onset of IHD. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with a restricted cubic spline showed that hazard risk for the development of IHD increased with a higher FIB-4 index at baseline after adjustment of age, sex, fatty liver (FL) determined by ultrasonography, estimated glomerular filtration rate, habits of current smoking and alcohol drinking, family history of IHD, and diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. When divided by FL, the FIB-4 index becomes an independent predictor for the development of IHD in subjects with FL but not in those without FL. The addition of the FIB-4 index to traditional risk factors for IHD significantly improved the discriminatory capability.ConclusionA high level of the FIB-4 index predicts the new onset of IHD during a 10-year period.