Alcohol Consumption Research Articles

Examining Between- and Within-subjects Effects of Posting and Exposure to Alcohol-Related Social Media Content on Drinking Over Time.

Social media content featuring alcoholic beverages is posted and viewed by college students. Limited longitudinal research suggests that increased alcohol-related content (ARC) posting and exposure is associated with increased alcohol consumption among college students over time. Emerging evidence suggests this association may be bidirectional, with drinking predicting later ARC posting. The current study examined longitudinal bidirectional associations between alcohol consumption and: posting ARC (aim 1) and friend ARC exposure (aim 2). College students engaging in heavy or problematic drinking (N = 384; Mage = 20.04; 74.2% female; 79.6% White) completed four surveys (baseline, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month). Each survey assessed social media use (including ARC posting) and alcohol use, along with ARC posting behaviors of their social network (i.e., important friends). Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models revealed significant large associations only at the within-subjects level for posting ARC, but significant medium-large between- and within-subjects associations for ARC exposure. Within-subjects, greater alcohol consumption predicted posting 1 month later, and posting at the 3-month follow-up predicted increased drinking at 6-months (aim 1). Between-subjects, individuals who reported greater social network ARC exposure were more likely to report greater alcohol consumption. Within-subjects, greater-than-average ARC exposure at 1-month predicted decreased alcohol consumption at 3-months (aim 2). Results suggest the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol posting (self and ARC exposure) is complex and not necessarily bidirectional, with associations between posting and drinking fluctuating within subjects, while between- and within-subjects associations were observed for exposure and drinking. Associations between posting and drinking vary within individuals over time, while associations between exposure and drinking exist for groups, indicating the more people are exposed, the more alcohol they consume.

Relationship between moderate alcohol consumption, genetic polymorphisms and body weight in a population sample of Puerto Madryn, Argentina

Introduction. The relationship between obesity and alcohol consumption is a topic of significant interest to public health. Alcoholic beverages contribute additional calories to the diet, which could be a relevant factor to the overweight risk. However, its association with weight gain is controversial and influenced by multiple factors. Objective. To analyze the relationship between moderate alcohol intake and body mass index, considering the variables that may influence this relationship. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 155 individuals from Puerto Madryn (Argentina). Each participant completed a questionnaire about health, lifestyle, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and polymorphisms of 18 genes related to alcohol metabolism were genotyped. Results. We found that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower body mass index, particularly in females. An increase of 14 grams of alcohol was associated with a risk of 0.68 for obesity and 0.71 for overweight. The T variant of the marker rs4646543 (ALDH1A1), a gene involved in alcohol metabolism and adipogenesis, was associated with a higher frequency of alcohol consumption. Conclusion. The findings of this study suggest that moderate alcohol consumption does not significantly contribute to body weight in the sample studied. Furthermore, the association with genetic variants, such as those of the ALDH1A1 gene, may provide a biological explanation for the inverse relationship observed between weight and alcohol consumption.

Correlation between the ease of cage plates implantation and endplate Hounsfield unit value during ACDF: a retrospective study

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between the implantation status of the ROI-C cervical cage plates and the Hounsfield unit(HU) value of the target vertebral endplate during anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF)surgery.MethodsReview of patient data undergoing ACDF from January 2018 to December 2021. Data on gender, age, body mass index, history of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, cervical cage plates status, and HU values of the cervical vertebral endplate. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the HU values and the plates status.ResultsA total of 17 cases (12.1%) had misplaced implants during surgery. There were statistical differences in gender, long-term smoking history, drinking history, and cervical vertebral endplate HU values between the abnormal implantation group and the normal implantation group (P < 0.05). The cervical vertebral endplate HU values in the abnormal implantation group were significantly higher than those in the normal implantation group (729.3 ± 36.2 HU vs. 484.4 ± 59.2 HU, P < 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, cervical endplate HU value (OR 1.081; 95% CI 1.016–1.375) was an independent factor influencing improper plate implantation. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the cervical endplate HU value in predicting implantation difficulty was 0.836 (P < 0.05), with an optimal threshold of 724 HU (sensitivity 83.2%; specificity 90.4%).ConclusionsThe cervical vertebral segment endplate HU value can independently predict whether the implantation of the plates is misplaced during ACDF surgery.

Long-term effectiveness of SBIRT by outreach visits on subsequent alcohol treatment utilization among inpatients from general hospital: a 36-months follow-up

Aim To investigate the long-term effect of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) on alcohol treatment utilization among general hospital inpatients. Methods This 36-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial included general hospital inpatients who were screened using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Patients with an AUDIT score of 8+ were included. Patients were randomized to either SBIRT (Relay) or treatment as-usual (TAU). Outcome was attendance at a specialized outpatient treatment institution or prescription of pharmacological alcohol treatment in general practice. Using the Danish Civil Registration System, patients were followed in the Danish National Patient Registry, Danish National Alcohol Treatment Register, and the Danish National Prescription Registry. Data was collected up to 36 months after discharge. Results The study population consisted of 258 patients in the Relay group and 303 patients in the TAU group. In the Relay group, 36 (14.0%) patients received treatment versus 23 (7.6%) in the TAU group. Patients in the Relay group had higher odds for receiving treatment compared to the TAU group (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.1–3.4, p = 0.01). Significantly more patients in the Relay group scored 16+ on the AUDIT and had already tried to change their alcohol consumption (both p < 0.01). Adjusted for potential confounders, the effect of the Relay intervention was reduced (OR: 1.37, 95%CI: 0.7–2.5, p = 0.31). Conclusions This study did not find evidence that SBIRT is better than TAU at sustaining significant long-term alcohol treatment utilization after discharge among inpatients from general hospital.

Các yếu tố tiên lượng của bệnh nhân chảy máu não cấp vùng trên lều do tăng huyết áp

Objectives: Comments on the relationship of prognostic factors in patients with acute supratentorial cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional, prospective descriptive study was conducted on 150 patients diagnosed with acute supratentorial cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension, admitted for inpatient treatment at the Neurology Center, Bach Mai Hospital from August 1, 2023 to July 31, 2024. Results: The rate of patients with good outcome after 3 months (73.3%). In terms of prognostic factors, the study showed that in the age group ≤ 60 years old, the rate of poor outcome was 18.1%, the group &gt; 60 years old had a rate of poor outcome of 34.6%. Thus, in the age group &gt; 60 years old, the outcome was worse, this difference was statistically significant with p&lt;0.05. In our study, there was no statistically significant difference in outcome at day 90 between patients with a history of hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, antiplatelet drugs, smoking, alcohol consumption and patients without this history. In the group without cerebral hemorrhage, the rate of patients with poor outcome was 18.8%; while in the group with cerebral hemorrhage, this rate was 36.9%, this difference was statistically significant with p&lt;0.05. In the group with no hematoma volume &lt; 30 ml, the rate of patients with poor outcome was 14.1%; meanwhile, in the group with hematoma volume ≥ 30 ml, this rate was 100%, this difference was statistically significant with p &lt; 0.01. In the group with Glasgow score at admission ≥ 14 points, the rate of patients with poor outcome was 14.4%; meanwhile, in the group with Glasgow score at admission &lt; 14 points, the rate of patients with poor outcome was 71.9%, this difference was statistically significant with p &lt; 0.01. Conclusion: Studying 150 patients with acute supratentorial cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension treated at the Neurology Center - Bach Mai Hospital from August 1, 2023 to July 31, 2024, we drew the following conclusions: factors leading to poor outcomes for patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension include age &gt; 60, hematoma volume ≥ 30 ml, Glasgow score at admission below 14 points, and intraventricular hemorrhage.

Quercetin: A Promising Candidate for the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a chronic liver disease. The development of MASLD is influenced by a multitude of diseases associated with modern lifestyles, including but not limited to diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and obesity. These conditions are often consequences of the adoption of unhealthy habits, namely a sedentary lifestyle, a lack of physical activity, poor dietary choices and excessive alcohol consumption. The treatment of MASLD is primarily based on modifying the patient’s lifestyle and pharmacological intervention. Despite the absence of FDA-approved pharmacological agents for the treatment of MASLD, several potential therapeutic modalities have demonstrated efficacy in reversing the histopathological features of the disease. Among the botanical ingredients belonging to the flavonoid group is quercetin (QE). QE has been demonstrated to possess a number of beneficial physiological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antifungal properties. Additionally, it functions as a natural antioxidant. Preclinical evidence indicates that QE may play a beneficial role in reducing liver damage and improving metabolic health. Early human studies also suggest that QE may be an effective treatment for MASLD due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-regulating properties. This review aims to summarize the available information on the therapeutic effects of QE in MASLD.

Risk factors for acute kidney injury in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases for case-control studies comparing the clinical characteristics of patients with SAP with and without AKI. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models, based on heterogeneity. Five studies involving 795 patients with SAP were included, of whom 173 (21.8 %) developed AKI. All studies were of high quality according to the NOS. Among the 17 potential risk factors that were analysed, a history of alcohol consumption (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 0.54-10.43, p < 0.001), elevated serum amylase (OR = 4.50, 95% CI = 1.77-11.43, p = 0.002) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.49-2.64, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with an increased risk of AKI. However, hypertension (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.60-2.16, p = 0.69) and diabetes (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 0.51-6.95, p = 0.34) were not significantly associated with AKI risk. Based on funnel plots, no obvious publication bias was detected. A history of alcohol consumption, elevated serum amylase and APACHE II score are significant risk factors for AKI in patients with SAP. For early intervention, clinical physicians should be vigilant about the risk of AKI in patients with SAP with these factors. More high-quality studies are needed to validate these findings and explore other potential risk factors.

Effects of Alcohol on EEG Activity: A Systematic Review Focused on Sex-Related Differences in Youth.

Most electroencephalographic (EEG) investigations on alcohol have focused on adults, and scarce data is available about the potential of EEG measurements to detect young people at high-risk, as well as, to understand possible sex differences in alcohol impact on the brain. This systematic review aimed to explore sex-related differences in EEG among young people with alcohol misuse, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and offspring of families with AUD. A systematic review of the literature was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Review protocol was registered in Prospero (ID: CRD42024511471). After article selection process and quality assessment, 25 studies were included in our review. The search included participants between 12 and 30 years old with problematic alcohol consumption, as defined by DSM, AUDIT, or specific alcohol misuse questionnaires. It seems that beta was generally higher in young males with AUD, and they usually exhibited greater interhemispheric connectivity (interHC), whereas young females with AUD tended towards enhanced intraHC. P3 appears to be particularly sensitive to alcohol misuse, with males typically exhibiting a lower amplitude than young females. Other event related potentials (ERPs) such as N415, P640, and the error-related negativity (ERN) lacked sufficient methodological support to draw conclusions regarding sex differences, N340 and P540 suggested avenues for expanding research on memory processing, indicating differences in amplitude between males and females. Considering sex variables in clinical research will enhance our understanding of alterations in brain function and structure with the goal of tailoring treatment strategies for AUD.

Magnitude and timescales of Ca isotope variability in human urine: implications for bone mass balance monitoring.

Calcium (Ca) isotopes in blood/urine are emerging biomarkers of bone mineral balance (BMB) in the human body. While multiple studies have investigated Ca isotopes in patients suffering from diseases affecting BMB, comparatively little effort has been devoted to understanding the homeostasis of Ca isotopes in healthy individuals. Here, we report on a longitudinal study of the urine Ca isotope composition (δ44/42CaUrine) from 22 healthy participants (age 19 to 60) over timescales ranging from days to months. Data from a single participant collected over a 30-day period show that morning urine is an excellent proxy for 24 hr pooled urine fractions. Data from all participants reveal large inter-individual variability in δ44/42CaUrine (up to 2.2 ‰), which is partly due to anthropometric differences, as shown by a correlation between the participants' body mass index (BMI) and δ44/42CaUrine values. In contrast, intra-individual data reveal encouraging stability (within ∼ ±0.2-0.3 ‰) over timescales>160 days, indicating that self-referencing approaches for BMB monitoring hold greater promise than cross sectional ones. Our data confirm that intra-individual δ44/42CaUrine variations are mainly a function of Ca reabsorption in the kidney, but also reveal the impact of other (and at times equally important) drivers, such as diet, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, or fasting. We also find that a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent (gadolinium) can lead to artifacts during Ca isotope analysis. Based on our results, a series of practical considerations for the use of Ca isotopes in urine as tracers of BMB is presented.

Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) with depressive symptoms: recent findings from NHANES 2005–2018

BackgroundThe ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHHR) index is a relatively new composite lipid index, the relationship between NHHR and depression is unclear from the current study. The primary aim of our study was to examine the association between the prevalence of depression and NHHR in a US population.MethodsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) provided the data for our investigation from 2005 to 2018. and primarily included participants who contained complete data on NHHR and depression in U.S. adults (age ≥20 years). Associations between NHHR and depression were assessed using multifactorial logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and smoothed curve fitting.ResultsIn our study, 29,561 subjects in total showed a mean NHHR index of 3.12± 1.58,A noteworthy positive correlation was observed between NHHR and depression in multifactorial logistic regression analysis. Subgroup analyses and tests of interaction showed that gender, age, ethnicity, PIR, smoking, alcohol consumption, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and stroke did not influence the NHHR and the association between depression (P for interaction &amp;gt; 0.05), whereas two stratification factors, BMI and sleep disturbance, may be potential factors in the association between NHHR and depression (P for interaction &amp;lt; 0.05).ConclusionAccording to our present study, if the level of NHHR rises in American adults, their likelihood of developing depression also increases.

Weight-adjusted waist index associated with bone mineral density in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study.

The research examined the association between weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, considering the impact of obesity on bone health. The association between WWI and BMD was examined utilizing weighted linear regression and smoothed curve fitting with data from NHANES 2005-2010, 2013-2014, and 2017-2018. Subgroup analysis verified the stability of the results. The study included a cohort of 983 rheumatoid arthritis patients. A significant negative correlation was found between WWI and BMD at the total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine (β = -0.03, 95% CI (-0.04, -0.02), p < 0.001; β = -0.02, 95% CI (-0.04, -0.01), p = 0.001; β = -0.04, 95% CI (-0.06, -0.02), p < 0.001). This negative association was not significantly influenced by factors like age, gender, race, education, PIR, diabetes, hypertension, sleep disorders, alcohol consumption, or smoking status (p > 0.05 for interaction). The findings indicate a negative correlation between WWI and BMD in the rheumatoid arthritis population. Key Points •A negative correlation was found between WWI and BMD at the total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine in the rheumatoid arthritis population.

Sex-Specific Associations Between Lifestyle Factors and Sick Leave in the Serbian Working Population: Findings from the National Health Survey

Background/Objectives: Sick leave is influenced by various modifiable lifestyle factors and sex differences. This study investigates the associations between body mass index, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption and sick leave among Serbia’s working population, with emphasis on sex differences. Methods: Data from the 2019 National Health Survey of Serbia were analyzed, involving a sample of 4652 individuals. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models assessed the relationships between lifestyle factors and sick leave. Results: Among the participants, 15.8% reported sick leave in the past 12 months, with higher rates among women in both short-term (13.9% vs. 10.6%) and long-term (3.4% vs. 2.2%) sick leave. This study identifies obesity (OR = 2.6), poor dietary habits (fruit OR = 2.1; vegetables OR = 2.8), smoking (OR = 1.9), and risky alcohol consumption (OR = 4.1) as key predictors of sick leave in men, while smoking (OR = 1.8) and risky alcohol consumption (OR = 3.1) are major predictors in women. The inconsistent association between diet, physical activity, and sick leave may be attributed to differences in reporting accuracy, differing definitions of healthy intake, or the influence of unmeasured lifestyle factors. Conclusions: Smoking and risky alcohol consumption increase the odds of sick leave for both sexes. Interventions targeting smoking cessation and mitigating risky alcohol consumption could significantly decrease sick leave rates. While fruit and vegetable consumption, along with physical activity, showed inconsistent effects in both sexes, further studies are warranted to elucidate their roles.

Effectiveness of Coronary Artery Disease Health Education among the patients of Coronary Artery Disease in Tertiary Cardiac Centre

Background and Aims: Secondary prevention of coronary artery disease is vital in preventing the future cardiac events. Inadequate knowledge of the disease is related to non-compliance with the treatment therapy which directly results in disease progression and its complication. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of health education about coronary artery disease among the patients of coronary artery disease in a tertiary cardiac centre. Methods: A quantitative, prospective, interventional research design was designed to collect the data by non-probability convenience sampling method. Patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease and admitted in different wards of Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre were included. Data was collected from July 2022 to December 2022 in three phases: prior to health education; within 24 hours of health education and after 3 months. A semi structured face to face interview was used to collect data from the patients, which was then filled in the web-based questionnaire and appropriate statistical methods were used for analysis. Results: A total of 167 patients were enrolled during the study period. Only 145 (86.8%) patients completed the 3rd phase of data collection. There was a significant improvement in patients’ overall knowledge (P value; &lt;.01) as well as knowledge regarding medical (P value; &lt;.01), coronary artery disease risk factors (P value; &lt;.01), exercise (P value; &lt;.01), nutrition (P value; &lt;.01) and psychological risk (P value; &lt;.05). There was a significant improvement (P value; &lt;.01) related to behavior related characteristics like smoking, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption and physical activity. However, correlation between health behaviors and post intervention knowledge showed a non-significant weakly positive relation of knowledge with education (r=.081), whereas there was non-significant weakly negative relation with physical activity (r=-.0126). Conclusion: The educational intervention has significant improvement in level of knowledge and change in behavior pattern among the patients of coronary artery disease. This study demonstrates that targeted health education programs can lead to significant improvements in knowledge and behavior among coronary artery disease patients, potentially reducing hospital readmission rates and promoting better long-term disease management.

English

Introduction: Addressing the health problems of prison inmates is a major challenge for public administrations, which are responsible for guaranteeing the necessary services to deal with them. It is therefore essential to know which are the chronic pathologies that affect them most frequently, what impact they have on the oral cavity and what type of treatments are required. The aim of this study is to shed further light on these questions. Material and method: Articles in PubMed on chronic and oral pathologies and treatment needs were reviewed. Results: The most prevalent chronic pathologies are heart disease, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes and cancer. Anxiety and depression are also highly prevalent among the prison population, along with the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and drugs of abuse. They are responsible for the appearance of caries and periodontal diseases, the treatment of which should be carried out in the prison environment. Conclusions: The level of dental care among the prison population is very low. Therefore, it is necessary to implement preventive and therapeutic measures among inmates to improve their oral health and, consequently, their general health.

Distinct characteristics of MetALD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease with greater alcohol consumption) in the general population.

The term MetALD has been introduced to describe individuals who have metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with greater alcohol consumption, according to the new nomenclature for steatotic liver disease (SLD). This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of MetALD in the general population. This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis that utilizes the population-based data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) undertaken between 2019 and 2021. A total of 16521 participants aged over 18years were included in the analysis. The presence of hepatic steatosis was determined based on a hepatic steatosis index of 36 or higher. The prevalence of MetALD was 2.8% (95% confidence interval, 2.5-3.2). Individuals with MetALD were predominantly men (85.4%) and tended to be younger compared to those with MASLD. They showed a higher prevalence of hypertension and had significantly higher levels of fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and creatinine compared to individuals with MASLD. The average daily total energy intake was higher in the MetALD group. In addition, the MetALD group had a lower proportion of unemployment with higher income compared to the MASLD group. Patients with MetALD showed distinct clinical characteristics from those with MASLD. The characteristics of MetALD were similar to those with alcohol-related liver disease. Further analysis of MetALD across various regions and ethnic groups would be needed.

Supplemental Material for Day-Level Examination of Ego-Network Effects on College Students’ Alcohol Consumption

Supplemental Material for Day-Level Examination of Ego-Network Effects on College Students’ Alcohol Consumption

IMPACTO DAS ANOMALIAS CONGÊNITAS NA MORTALIDADE NEONATAL: UMA REVISÃO SOBRE FATORES DE RISCO E PREVENÇÃO

This integrative review aimed to analyze the incidence of congenital anomalies in neonates and identify associated risk factors, as well as explore the most effective preventive measures described in the scientific literature. Congenital anomalies are structural or functional defects that develop during intrauterine life and are a major cause of neonatal and infant mortality. An estimated 303,000 newborns die annually within the first month of life due to these conditions (WHO, 2016). This study was conducted through the analysis of scientific articles published in the PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, using keywords such as "congenital anomalies," "neonates," and "risk factors." Studies published in the last ten years, in Portuguese and English, addressing the incidence and risk factors of congenital anomalies in neonates were included. The results showed that the most common congenital anomalies include neural tube defects, cardiac malformations, and chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome (PACHECO et al., 2009). The prevalence of these conditions varies according to geographic region and population (BRASIL, 2021). Several maternal risk factors were identified, including advanced maternal age, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exposure to teratogenic substances during pregnancy (ANDRADE et al., 2017). Additionally, adverse socioeconomic conditions and lack of access to quality prenatal care were highlighted as important determinants for the increased incidence of congenital anomalies (LANSKY et al., 2014). Preventive strategies suggested by the literature include folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy, proper vaccination of pregnant women, and genetic counseling (BRASIL, 2013; ACGO, 2018). Early diagnosis through neonatal screening tests, such as the heel prick test, pulse oximetry, and hearing screening, is crucial for early identification of anomalies and enabling interventions that can improve health outcomes for neonates (MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE, 2021). The review also emphasized the importance of early interventions, such as corrective surgeries and supportive therapies, to improve the prognosis of neonates affected by congenital anomalies (CHRISTIANSON, 2006). These interventions can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality rates associated with these conditions, improving the quality of life of affected individuals. In conclusion, this integrative review identified significant risk factors for congenital anomalies and highlighted the importance of preventive interventions and early diagnosis to improve neonatal health outcomes. The effective prevention and management of congenital anomalies require a multidisciplinary approach, including awareness among healthcare professionals, effective public policies, and family involvement in implementing preventive strategies. Ongoing research is recommended to further understand the causes, risk factors, and effective interventions to reduce the incidence of congenital anomalies and improve neonatal health outcomes.

Panchakarma in Parinaama Shoola - A Review Article

Parinama Shoola is a chronic, recurrent, and non-fatal gastrointestinal (GIT) condition, accounting for 25% of patient visits to clinics and hospitals in India.[1] In Ayurveda, Madhavakara was the first to describe Parinama Shoola, characterizing it as pain during digestion, and categorizing it as a Vata-Pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi.[2] Samprapti: The development of Shoola begins with the consumption of incompatible foods (Viruddhahara), such as hot and spicy rich fatty diets, junk foods, and habits like tobacco chewing, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Physical inactivity and mental stress further exacerbate the condition, leading to digestive impairment (Agnimandya) and the formation of toxins (Ama). This sequence of events progresses through stages of: Ajeerna (indigestion), Amlapitta (hyperacidity), finally culminating into Shoola (pain).[3] The causes, progression, and symptoms of Parinama Shoola are remarkably similar to those of duodenal ulcers in modern medical science. Management of duodenal ulcers typically involves: Educating the patient, Avoiding known causative factors, Prescribing bland diets, Using antacids and acid-blocking medications, Administering antibiotics for H. pylori infection. Despite these treatments, high recurrence rates and unwanted side effects are common. In Ayurvedic treatment for Parinama Shoola includes: Samshodhana (purification), Samshamana (pacification), Nidana Parivarjana (avoidance of causative factors), Pathya-Apathya (dietary and lifestyle modifications) and Prevention of recurrences. Ayurvedic medicines are noted for being cost-effective, easily available, and safe for long-term use.

Risk Factors Associated With Cholelithiasis in A Public Hospital in Peru

Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with cholelithiasis in a public hospital in Peru. Theoretical Framework: Cholelithiasis is currently the main risk factor for developing cholecystitis. Method: Descriptive, analytical, quantitative study with a sample of 83 postoperative patients with cholelithiasis and its complications, obtained retrospectively from December 2019 to June 2020. A data collection form was used, and the KR-20 Kuder-Richardson coefficient was applied to assess reliability. Information was collected from the patients' medical records. Results and Conclusions: The study revealed a significant association between the most frequent risk factors for cholelithiasis, such as age, weight loss &gt; 10 kg, and alcohol consumption. Originality/Value: Cholelithiasis is currently the leading reason for consultations related to biliary tract pathology. The results report non-modifiable risk factors (female sex), overweight (20 cases), and obesity (30 cases), according to BMI, which represents a high percentage of elevated BMI at 60.2%.

Alcohol consumption-none is better than alittle.

Alcohol is socially accepted and widely consumed as arecreational beverage. Furthermore, it is used as adisinfectant for medicinal purposes and as acultural asset it is also part of religious rituals. However, it is also an intoxicant and an addictive substance. The deleterious side of alcohol is reflected in the fact that around 3million people worldwide die every year as adirect or indirect result of alcohol consumption. For several decades, epidemiological studies suggested that drinking alcohol in moderate quantities was beneficial. This was referred to as the "French paradox," which described differences in mortality between France and Finland mainly, but also other countries, that were found in epidemiological studies. The difference in the levels of alcohol consumption was found to explain the differences in mortality in view of the otherwise similar risk factors. When alcoholic drinks per day were plotted against all-cause mortality this led to aJ-shaped curve. This finding represented awindow of benefit for moderate alcohol consumption. However, the recent publication by Zhao etal. in 2023 revisited the relationship between the quantity of alcohol consumed and mortality risk and led to aparadigm change, which has influenced not only the recommendations of Canada's Guidance on Alcohol and Health but also the recommendations and guidelines of major health organizations: "No alcohol is better than alittle." The J‑shaped curve as an explanation of the French paradox became alinear relationship between the amount of alcohol consumption and the increasing mortality from tumors and cardiovascular diseases. The renewed review of several control groups in previous epidemiological studies revealed arecruitment error due to the inclusion of abstinent ex-drinkers. Taking this bias into account, the alcohol-friendly view of small amounts of alcohol being cardioprotective had to be revised. The combined misuse of alcohol and other risk factors for carcinogenesis and heart diseases still needs further attention. The misuse of both alcohol and cocaine led to the conclusion that when the two risky substances are consumed together, it is even more detrimental than the mere sum of the two.