Alcohol Consumption In Adults Research Articles

Acute Alcohol Consumption and Arrhythmias in Young Adults: The MunichBREW II Study.

and aims: Acute excessive alcohol intake may cause the holiday heart syndrome, characterized by cardiac arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation. Since underlying data are scarce, the study aimed to prospectively investigate the temporal course of occurring cardiac arrhythmias following binge drinking in young adults. A total of 202 volunteers planning acute alcohol consumption with expected peak breath alcohol concentrations (BAC) of ≥1.2 g/kg were enrolled. The study comprised 48-hour electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring covering baseline (hour 0), 'drinking period' (hours 1-5), 'recovery period' (hours 6-19), and two control periods corresponding to 24 hours after the 'drinking' and 'recovery periods', respectively. Acute alcohol intake was monitored by BAC measurements during the 'drinking period'. ECGs were analyzed for mean heart rate, atrial tachycardia, premature atrial complexes (PAC), premature ventricular complexes (PVC), and heart rate variability (HRV) measures. Data revealed an increase in heart rate and an excess of atrial tachycardias with increasing alcohol intake. HRV analysis indicated an autonomic modulation with sympathetic activation during alcohol consumption and the subsequent 'recovery period', followed by parasympathetic predominance thereafter. PACs occurred significantly more frequently in the 'control periods', whereas PVCs were more frequent in the 'drinking period'. Ten participants experienced notable arrhythmic episodes, including atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardias, primarily during the 'recovery period'. The study demonstrates the impact of binge drinking on heart rate alterations and increased atrial tachycardias during 'drinking period', and the occurrence of clinically relevant arrythmias during the 'recovery period', emphasizing the holiday heart syndrome as a health concern.

Trends in alcohol consumption of adults with presumed atrial fibrillation in the United States, 2001 to 2018

Trends in alcohol consumption of adults with presumed atrial fibrillation in the United States, 2001 to 2018

Acute Cardiovascular Effects of Simultaneous Energy Drink and Alcohol Consumption in Young Adults: A Review of Case Reports.

(1) Background: The aim of this review was to identify and summarize adverse cardiovascular health events associated with the simultaneous consumption of energy drinks (ED) and alcohol. Potential prevention strategies and the implementation of research toward the underlying mechanisms for these pathologies were highlighted to emphasize the need for further investigation and to encourage more attention to this field. (2) Methods: The PubMed database was searched for case reports linked with adverse cardiovascular events after simultaneous ED and alcohol consumption. Inclusion criteria were: the reported age of the patient is between 16 and 35 years and confirmed co-consumption of EDs and alcohol. All relevant articles that met the inclusion criteria were fully read and all relevant data was extracted. The extracted data was summarized and presented in this review of cases. (3) Results: In total, 10 cases were identified. The analysis showed that mainly young adults (median age = 24.5 years), in particular men (80%) were affected. The three parts of the cardiovascular system affected were heart rhythm (42%), myocardial function (33%), and coronary arteries (25%). In 3 cases the outcome was fatal. Moreover, preexisting health conditions and/or potential trigger factors were present in 60% of selected cases. (4) Conclusions: This review of case reports suggests that the simultaneous consumption of EDs and alcohol can lead to adverse cardiovascular health events and even incidents with fatal outcomes were reported. Potential trigger factors and preexisting health conditions seem to increase the probability of adverse cardiovascular health events. Consumers should be informed about the potential risks and follow responsible consumption behavior to prevent future health events. More systematic studies are needed to determine the acute effects on the cardiovascular system in young adults.

Evaluating the association between lifestyle factors and heel bone mineral density in different inflammatory states

RationaleIt is unclear whether lifestyle factors affect bone mineral density (BMD) during different inflammatory states. ObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of coffee consumption, vitamin D (VD) intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption on heel BMD in adults with different inflammatory states. MethodsThe phenotypic data from 249,825 participants were analyzed using the UK Biobank cohort. The inflammatory status was evaluated using C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the systemic immune-inflammation index. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between coffee consumption, VD, smoking, alcohol consumption, and heel BMD in adults with different inflammatory states. Linear regression models were used to analyze the interaction between inflammation and the four lifestyle factors with respect to their influence on heel BMD in adults. ResultsOur findings revealed that VD was positively associated with adult heel BMD (β = 2.41 × 10−2, SE = 5.14 × 10−3, P = 2.72 × 10−6), while alcohol consumption and smoking were negatively associated with adult heel BMD. Coffee was negatively associated with adult heel BMD in low inflammatory states (β = −1.27 × 10−2, SE = 4.79 × 10−3, P = 8.00 × 10−3), while there was no association between coffee and adult heel BMD in high inflammatory states. Overall, it was found that these four lifestyle factors interacted negatively with inflammatory states. ConclusionOur study suggests that VD is positively associated with adult heel BMD and that alcohol consumption and smoking are negatively associated with adult heel BMD. Coffee may reverse the adverse effects of inflammation on BMD when the patient is in a highly inflammatory state, thus acting as a protective agent against heel BMD in adults.

Association between heavy alcohol consumption and cryptogenic ischaemic stroke in young adults: a case–control study

BackgroundThe underlying risk factors for young-onset cryptogenic ischaemic stroke (CIS) remain unclear. This multicentre study aimed to explore the association between heavy alcohol consumption and CIS with subgroup analyses stratified...

Influence of Masculinity and Femininity on Alcohol Consumption in Young People: A Scoping Review

Introduction: Alcohol consumption is a complex social practice that plays a role in building and consolidating friendships, as well as creating gender identities. The latter determines the limits of behaviors and defines what is considered appropriate or inappropriate in our daily routine; therefore, alcohol consumption patterns are not independent of gender. Objective: To identify and describe available evidence on the influence of gender on youth alcohol consumption. Materials and method: A review was conducted under JBI and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Original full-text articles published between 2018 and 2023 in the VHL, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Sciences, Epistemonikos, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest databases, without language limitations, were analyzed. The search categories were “Alcohol Drinking” AND “Young Adult” AND “Gender Identity” OR “Gender role”. Results: A total of 403 records were identified, but only 12 studies were included in the synthesis. The main results of these studies showed that both gender identity and gender roles influence alcohol consumption in young adults. Social gender norms may pressure young women to maintain a physical image and young men to maintain a normative public image. Conclusions: Social gender norms influence alcohol consumption behaviors; therefore, it is necessary to take these gender differences into account in nursing interventions and prevention strategies.

Effectiveness of genetic feedback on alcohol metabolism to reduce alcohol consumption in young adults: an open-label randomized controlled trial

BackgroundIt is unclear whether brief interventions using the combined classification of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) together with behavioral changes in alcohol use can reduce excessive alcohol consumption. This study aimed to examine the effects of a brief intervention based on the screening of ALDH2 and ADH1B gene polymorphisms on alcohol consumption in Japanese young adults.MethodsIn this open-label randomized controlled trial, we enrolled adults aged 20–30 years who had excessive drinking behavior (average amount of alcohol consumed: men, ≥ 4 drinks/per day and women, ≥ 2 drinks/per day; 1 drink = 10 g of pure alcohol equivalent). Participants were randomized into intervention or control group using a simple random number table. The intervention group underwent saliva-based genotyping of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes (ALDH2 and ADH1B), which were classified into five types. A 30-min in-person or online educational counseling was conducted approximately 1 month later based on genotyping test results and their own drinking records. The control group received traditional alcohol education. Average daily alcohol consumption was calculated based on the drinking diary, which was recorded at baseline and at 3 and 6 months of follow-up. The primary endpoint was average daily alcohol consumption, and the secondary endpoints were the alcohol-use disorder identification test for consumption (AUDIT-C) score and behavioral modification stages assessed using a transtheoretical model.ResultsParticipants were allocated to the intervention (n = 100) and control (n = 96) groups using simple randomization. Overall, 28 (29.2%) participants in the control group and 21 (21.0%) in the intervention group did not complete the follow-up. Average alcohol consumption decreased significantly from baseline to 3 and 6 months in the intervention group but not in the control group. The reduction from baseline alcohol consumption values and AUDIT-C score at 3 months were greater in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, the behavioral modification stages were significantly changed by the intervention (p < 0.001).ConclusionsGenetic testing for alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and health guidance on type-specific excessive drinking may be useful for reducing sustained average alcohol consumption associated with behavioral modification.Trial registrationR000050379, UMIN000044148, Registered on June 1, 2021.

Wuliangye strong aroma baijiu promotes intestinal homeostasis by improving gut microbiota and regulating intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation.

Wuliangye strong aroma baijiu (hereafter, Wuliangye baijiu) is a traditional Chinese grain liquor containing short-chain fatty acids, ethyl caproate, ethyl lactate, other trace components, and a large proportion of ethanol. The effects of Wuliangye baijiu on intestinal stem cells and intestinal epithelial development have not been elucidated. Here, the role of Wuliangye baijiu in intestinal epithelial regeneration and gut microbiota modulation was investigated by administering a Lieber-DeCarli chronic ethanol liquid diet in a mouse model to mimic long-term (8 weeks') light/moderate alcohol consumption (1.6 g kg-1 day-1) in healthy human adults. Wuliangye baijiu promoted colonic crypt proliferation in mice. According to immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses, compared with the ethanol-only treatment, Wuliangye baijiu increased the number of intestinal stem cells and goblet cells and the expression of enteroendocrine cell differentiation markers in the mouse colon. Furthermore, gut microbiota analysis showed an increase in the relative abundance of microbiota related to intestinal homeostasis following Wuliangye baijiu administration. Notably, increased abundance of Bacteroidota, Faecalibaculum, Lachnospiraceae, and Blautia may play an essential role in promoting stem-cell-mediated intestinal epithelial development and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. In summary, these findings suggest that Wuliangye baijiu can be used to regulate intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation in mice and to alter gut microbiota distributions, thereby promoting intestinal homeostasis. This research elucidates the mechanism by which Wuliangye baijiu promotes intestinal health. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Associations of device-measured and self-reported physical activity with alcohol consumption: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial (FitForChange)

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is increasingly used as an adjunct treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Previous studies have relied on self-report measures of PA, which are prone to measurement error. In the context of a randomized controlled trial of PA for AUD, we examined: (1) associations between device-measured and self-reported PA, (2) associations between PA measurements and alcohol use, and (3) the feasibility of obtaining device-measured PA data in this population. MethodOne-hundred and forty individuals with clinician-diagnosed AUD participated in a 12-week intervention comparing usual care (phone counselling) to yoga-based exercise and aerobic exercise. Device-measured PA (Actigraph GT3x), self-reported PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and alcohol consumption (Timeline Follow Back Method) were assessed before and after the trial. Effects of the interventions on PA levels were assessed using linear mixed models. ResultsIn total, 42% (n=59) of participants returned usable device-measured PA data (mean age= 56±10 years, 73% male). Device-measured and self-reported vigorous-intensity PA were correlated (β= −0.02, 95%CI= −0.03, −0.00). No associations were found for moderate-intensity PA. Compared to usual care, time spent in device-measured light-intensity PA increased in the aerobic exercise group (∆= 357, 95%CI= 709, 5.24). Increases in device-measured light-intensity PA were associated with fewer standard drinks (∆= −0.24, 95%CI= −0.03, −0.44), and fewer heavy drinking days (∆= −0.06, 95%CI=-0.01, −0.10). ConclusionIncreases in light-intensity/habitual PA were associated with less alcohol consumption in adults with AUD. Self-reported PA data should be interpreted with caution. Incentives are needed to obtain device-measured PA data in AUD populations.

Increased anxiolytic effect in aged female rats and increased motoric behavior in aged male rats to acute alcohol administration: Comparison to younger animals

The population of most countries in the world is increasing and understanding risk factors that can influence the health of the older population is critical. Older adults consume alcohol often in a risky, binge manner. Previous work has demonstrated that aged rats are more sensitive to many of the effects of acute ethanol. In the current project aged, adult, and adolescent female and male rats were tested on the elevated plus maze and open field following either a 1.0 g/kg alcohol injection or a saline injection. We report sex- and age-dependent effects whereas aged female rats, but not aged male rats, showed an increased anxiolytic effect of alcohol in the elevated plus maze while aged male rats, but not aged female rats, showed increased stimulatory movement in the open field. In addition, significant age effects were found for both female and male rats. It is proposed that the sex- and age-dependent effects reported in the current studies may be due to differential levels of alcohol-induced allopregnanolone for the anxiolytic effects and differential levels of alcohol-induced dopamine for the stimulatory effects. The current work provides insights into factors influencing alcohol consumption in older adults.

Associations between traumatic dental injuries due to violence and various drinking behaviors in Korea: A cross-sectional study.

Various patterns of alcohol consumption are associated with trauma and violence. The aim of this study was to assess the association between traumatic dental injuries (TDI) due to violence and different patterns of alcohol consumption in Korean adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with representative sample of Korean adults. Among the total participants, 11.8% (6489/58,999) experienced TDI, and 0.9% (520/58,999) experienced TDI due to violence. The associations between various types of alcohol consumption (frequency of drinking, frequency of binge drinking, age of first drinking) and TDI due to violence were assessed using logistic regression analyses. We confirmed differences in the prevalence experience of TDI due to violence with various types of alcohol consumption by confounders (socioeconomic status). All types of drinking (frequency of drinking, frequency of binge drinking, age of first drinking) were strongly associated with TDI due to violence. After adjusting for confounders, those who started drinking at the age of 18 or younger and drank 4 or more days a week (OR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.68-4.88), those who started drinking at the age of 18 or younger and drank 3 days or less a week (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.40-4.02), and those who started drinking at the age of 18 or younger and binge drinking at least once a week (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.79-5.65) had higher prevalence of TDI due to violence compared to those with no alcohol drinking. This study presents evidence of an association between various types of alcohol consumption and TDI due to violence in Korean adults. These findings suggest the necessity for policies aimed at reducing alcohol consumption, frequency of drinking, and access to drinking especially in adolescent to reduce the prevalence experience of TDI due to violence.

Loneliness is associated with smoking and alcohol consumption in older adults: Findings from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey

IntroductionDespite the well-known health risks associated with tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, this study explores the association between loneliness and these behaviors specifically among the elderly in the Chinese context. It examines the relationship between loneliness and the tendency to smoke and drink among this demographic. Additionally, the research investigates how these associations vary between genders among the elderly, identifying distinct patterns in the relationship between loneliness and smoking and alcohol consumption among elderly men and women. MethodThis secondary cross-sectional analysis used data from the 2017–2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. We employed multivariate multinomial logistic regression to analyze these relationships, including sex-specific associations, and reported adjusted odds ratios (AOR), confidence intervals (CI), and p-values. The analysis was conducted using STATA version 18, with significant p-values set at 0.05. ResultOur analysis included 15,874 participants, of which 6.4% (95% CI: 6.0 – 6.8; N=1015) were categorized as Always Lonely, indicating frequent loneliness, and 17.0% (95% CI: 16.4 – 17.6; N=2702) as Sometimes Lonely, indicating occasional loneliness, with 76.6% (95% CI: 75.9 – 77.2; N=12,157) not experiencing loneliness. The mean age was 85.5 years with a standard deviation of 11.7. Gender distribution showed that 43.6% (n=6925) were male and 56.4% (n=8949) were female. Frequently lonely participants had increased odds of current smoking (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01–1.57; p = 0.040), while those occasionally lonely were less inclined towards current drinking (AOR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70–0.94; p = 0.005). Gender-specific outcomes indicated that often lonely men were more likely to smoke (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.10–1.87; p = 0.008) and were also less likely to be current drinkers (AOR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55–0.98; p = 0.038). No significant associations were found for women in smoking or drinking behaviors relative to loneliness levels. ConclusionOur study identified a significant relationship between loneliness and a higher likelihood of smoking in elderly Chinese men, not women, and observed gender-specific differences in alcohol use, with men showing a lower likelihood of drinking when occasionally lonely, a pattern absent in women. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

Impacts of Northern Territory banned drinker register on police recorded youth assault.

In September 2017 the Northern Territory Government of Australia introduced a banned drinker register (BDR) to mitigate the high levels of alcohol-related harm within the Northern Territory. The current study aimed to examine the impact of the Northern Territory BDR on youth (aged <18 years) using police recorded assault data. Interrupted time-series models were used to assess monthly trends in assaults and alcohol-related assaults perpetration and victimisation in the regions of Greater Darwin, Alice Springs and Katherine between January 2014 and December 2019. Examining the three regions combined, after the re-introduction of the BDR a significant step decrease in police recorded youth assault perpetration (β = -1.67) and a significant step increase in police recorded youth assault victimisation (β = 1.40) was identified. However, no significant effects were identified at the individual region level. Findings suggest that restricting alcohol consumption in high-risk adults through the BDR had a limited immediate effect in police recorded youth assaults. Individual level or contextual factors may have influenced both immediate and long-term impacts of the BDR, and as such, future policy design needs to support and empower community leaders across the policy development and implementation process. A wider evaluation of the BDR currently underway may provide additional understanding behind the mechanisms that underpin alcohol-related harm in the Northern Territory.

Prevalence and change in alcohol consumption in older adults over time, assessed with self-report and Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 -The HUNT Study.

Changes in alcohol consumption may affect older adults' health. We examined prevalence and changes in the alcohol consumption of older women and men (≥65 years) in Norway over a 24-year period. Data from three population-based health surveys (The Trøndelag Health Study-HUNT2 1995-97, HUNT3 2006-08, HUNT4 2017-19) were used. Alcohol consumption was measured using self-reported measures and an objective measure of alcohol consumption (Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1, PEth). Self-reported lifetime abstinence, former drinking, current drinking, frequent drinking (≥4 times/week), and risk drinking (≥8 units/week) were measured. The PEth concentrations were stratified: <0.03 μmol/l (abstinence/very low level of alcohol consumption); >0.06 μmol/l (indicating >1 unit/day); >0.10 μmol/l (indicating >3 units/day), and >0.30 μmol/l (heavy alcohol consumption). In HUNT4, the prevalence of self-reported lifetime abstinence, frequent drinking, and risk drinking was 5.2%, 4.4%, and 5.6%, respectively, while prevalence of PEth <0.03 μmol/l was 68.1% and PEth >0.06 μmol/l was 21.2%. Over the course of the three surveys, the prevalence of self-reported lifetime abstinence decreased, while the prevalence of frequent drinking and risk drinking increased. Men were less often abstainers and more often frequent and risky drinkers than women in all three surveys. Gender differences for abstinence and current drinking reduced with time. From HUNT3 to HUNT4, the prevalence of PEth <0.03 μmol/l decreased, while the prevalence of PEth >0.06 μmol/l increased. Men compared to women, had less often PEth <0.03 μmol/l and more often PEth >0.06 and >0.10 μmol/l in HUNT3 and HUNT4. Women and men ≥75 years were just as likely to have PEth >0.30 μmol/l in HUNT4. The gender differences in PEth concentrations were reduced in HUNT4 among those aged 70-74 years or ≥75 years. Alcohol consumption has increased among Norwegian older adults over a 24-year period, but at a slower pace during the last decade.

Knowledge, safety, and impact of alcohol consumption in young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a qualitative study

PurposeTo explore the lived experiences of alcohol consumption among young adults with type 1 diabetes.MethodsFourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted amongst young adults aged between 18 and 25 years, inclusive, with type 1 diabetes and experience consuming alcohol. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed to identify common themes regarding their experiences.ResultsThe interviews confirmed that young adults with type 1 diabetes engage in social, and occasionally excessive, drinking behaviour. Furthermore, the interviews revealed four key themes: (i) Several sources contribute to a widely inconsistent understanding of the impact and management of alcohol consumption; (ii) Perceived inconvenience of maintaining healthy glycaemic control whilst drinking socially; (iii) Engagement in proactive strategies for harm reduction occurred when convenient; and (iv) Impact of modern diabetes technology in overcoming previous burdens and promoting glycaemic safety.ConclusionYoung adults with type 1 diabetes continue to need anticipatory education surrounding safe alcohol consumption and behaviours, as well as ongoing support and encouragement to ensure engagement with traditional self-management tasks. Significant alcohol-diabetes related safety issues, particularly hypoglycaemia do occur, and were captured within this small sample and study. Diabetes technology has an important complementary role along with education and tailored support strategies to support health and safe glucose control during alcohol consumption.

The role of impulsivity in the relationship between affect and alcohol consumption in young adults.

Theoretical models of alcohol use posit that individuals consume alcohol to ameliorate negative affect or to heighten positive affect. It is important, however, to consider the influence of factors that may determine an individual's tendency to consume excessive amounts of alcohol under positive and negative circumstances. Thus, the current study examined a large sample of young adults to clarify whether positive and negative affect predict total alcohol consumption on drinking days and whether facets of impulsivity moderate these relationships. Six-hundred ninety-three young adults (Mage = 19.71 years, SD = 2.04; female = 62.9%) completed the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales at baseline followed by daily measures of positive and negative affect and self-reported alcohol use for 13 days. Generalized linear mixed models were specified to assess the role of pre-consumption affect on total drinks consumed across drinking days and to determine the moderating effect of each BIS/BAS subscale. Participants were significantly more likely to drink in greater quantities on occasions preceded by higher positive affect but not negative affect. While fun-seeking positively predicted total drinks consumed, there were no significant interaction effects between the BIS/BAS subscales and affect on total drinks consumed. These findings challenge existing affect regulation models and have implications for ecological momentary interventions aimed at addressing hazardous drinking behaviors.

Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Ectopic Fat in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background The relationship between alcohol consumption and ectopic fat distribution, both known factors for cardiovascular disease, remains understudied. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between alcohol consumption and ectopic adiposity in adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results In this cross-sectional analysis, we categorized alcohol intake among participants in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) as follows (drinks/day): <1 (light drinking), 1 to 2 (moderate drinking), >2 (heavy drinking), former drinking, and lifetime abstention. Binge drinking was defined as consuming ≥5 drinks on 1 occasion in the past month. Visceral, subcutaneous, and intermuscular fat area, pericardial fat volume, and hepatic fat attenuation were measured using noncontrast computed tomography. Using multivariable linear regression, we examined the associations between categories ofalcohol consumption and natural log-transformed fat in ectopic depots. We included 6756 MESA participants (62.1±10.2 years; 47.2% women), of whom 6734 and 1934 had chest computed tomography (pericardial and hepatic fat) and abdominal computed tomography (subcutaneous, intermuscular, and visceral fat), respectively. In adjusted analysis, heavy drinking, relative to lifetime abstention, was associated with a higher (relative percent difference) pericardial 15.1 [95% CI, 7.1-27.7], hepatic 3.4 [95% CI, 0.1-6.8], visceral 2.5 [95% CI, -10.4 to 17.2], and intermuscular 5.2 [95% CI, -6.6 to 18.4] fat but lower subcutaneous fat -3.5 [95% CI, -15.5 to 10.2]). The associations between alcohol consumption and ectopic adiposity exhibited a J-shaped pattern. Binge drinking, relative to light-to-moderate drinking, was also associated with higher ectopic fat. Conclusions Alcohol consumption had a J-shaped association with ectopic adiposity. Both heavy alcohol intake and binge alcohol drinking were associated with higher ectopic fat.

Promotive and preventive interventions for mental health and well-being in adult populations: a systematic umbrella review.

Mental health disorders are increasing worldwide, leading to significant personal, economic, and social consequences. Mental health promotion and prevention have been the subject of many systematic reviews. Thus, decision makers likely face the problem of going through literature to find and utilize the best available evidence. Therefore, this systematic umbrella review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for promoting mental health and mental well-being, as well as for the primary prevention of mental health disorders. Literature searches were performed in APA PsycInfo, Medline, and Proquest Social Science databases from January 2000 to December 2021. The search results were screened for eligibility using pre-defined criteria. The methodological quality of the included reviews was evaluated using the AMSTAR 2 tool. The key findings of the included reviews were narratively synthesized and reported with an emphasis on reviews achieving higher methodological quality. Out of the 240 articles found, 16 systematic reviews and four systematic umbrella reviews were included. The methodological quality of included reviews was low or critically low. This review suggests that interventions using cognitive-behavioral therapy and those developing resilience, mindfulness, or healthy lifestyles can be effective in the promotion of mental health and well-being in adult populations. Motivational interviewing may reduce alcohol consumption in young adults. Indicated or selective prevention is likely to be cost-effective compared to universal prevention. Parenting interventions and workplace interventions may be cost-effective in terms of promoting mental health. Due to the low methodological quality of the included reviews and substantial heterogeneity among the reported results, the findings from the reviews we summarized should be interpreted with caution. There is a need for further rigorous, high-quality systematic reviews.

Gender differences in cigarette smoking cessation attempts among adults who smoke and drink alcohol at high levels: Findings from the 2018–2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys

BackgroundThis study examined the association between alcohol consumption and smoking cessation behaviour of adults who smoke in four countries. MethodsData came from 4275 adults (≥18 years) who smoked tobacco ≥ monthly and participated in the 2018 and 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys (Australia: n = 720; Canada: n = 1250; US: n = 1011; England: n = 1294). The 2018 Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) survey data coded into three levels (‘never/low’, ‘moderate’ or ‘heavy’ consumption) were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models to predict any smoking cessation attempts and successful cessation by 2020 survey, and whether this differed by gender and country. ResultsCompared to never/low alcohol consumers, only those who drink heavily were less likely to have made a quit smoking attempt (40.4 % vs. 43.8 %; AOR = 0.69, 95 % CI = 0.57–0.83, p < .001). The association differed by gender and country (3-way interaction, p < .001), with females who drink heavily being less likely to attempt to quit smoking in England (AOR = 0.27, 95 % CI = 0.15–0.49, p < .001) and Australia (AOR = 0.38, 95 % CI = 0.19–0.77, p = .008), but for males, those who drink moderately (AOR = 2.18, 95 % CI = 1.17–4.06, p = .014) or heavily (AOR = 2.61, 95 % CI = 1.45–4.68, p = .001) were more likely to make a quit attempt in England only. Alcohol consumption did not predict quit success. ConclusionHeavy alcohol use among adults who smoke appears to only undermine the likelihood of trying to quit smoking with some variation by gender and country of residence, but not their chances of succeeding if they tried.

Association of Alcohol Consumption with Cognition in Older Population: The A4 Study.

Alcohol use disorders have been categorized as a 'strongly modifiable' risk factor for dementia. To investigate the cross-sectional association between alcohol consumption and cognition in older adults and if it is different across sexes or depends on amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain. Cognitively unimpaired older adults (N = 4387) with objective and subjective cognitive assessments and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging were classified into four categories based on their average daily alcohol use. Multivariable linear regression was then used to test the main effects and interactions with sex and Aβ levels. Individuals who reported no alcohol consumption had lower scores on the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC) compared to those consuming one or two drinks/day. In sex-stratified analysis, the association between alcohol consumption and cognition was more prominent in females. Female participants who consumed two drinks/day had better performance on PACC and Cognitive Function Index (CFI) than those who reported no alcohol consumption. In an Aβ-stratified sample, the association between alcohol consumption and cognition was present only in the Aβ- subgroup. The interaction between Aβ status and alcohol consumption on cognition was not significant. Low or moderate consumption of alcohol was associated with better objective cognitive performance and better subjective report of daily functioning in cognitively unimpaired individuals. The association was present only in Aβ- individuals, suggesting that the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the effect of alcohol on cognition is independent of Aβ pathology. Further investigation is required with larger samples consuming three or more drinks/day.