Type Of Alcoholic Beverage Research Articles

Pregnant women and risk factors: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Many investigations have shown the important role played by risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol in the development of congenital anomalies. Methods Through the administration of an hoc questionnaire, we evaluated the attitude towards smoking and alcohol of a sample of 200 pregnant women at the University Hospital of Messina. The questionnaire was structured to collect information about socio-demographic characteristics, type of gynaecological assistance and their lifestyles (smoking and alcohol). Statistical analysis was performed using version 10 of StatSoftVR software. Results 14% of the women continued to smoke despite pregnancy; the majority of these were young adults, divorced, employed and with a high educational level. Correlating the smoking habit with the socio-demographic characteristics of the studied women, we found a statistically significant difference for the marital status, with a higher number of smokers among the single women (p < 0.05).Moreover, we found a statistically significant difference also for the profession with a higher number of smokers in the worker women (p < 0.05). About the drinking habit, the 4.3% declared to be moderate drinkers (occasional use of alcohol equal to 2-3 glasses a week) despite pregnancy, the 34.4% stated they do not drink alcohol during pregnancy and the 56% stated do not usually drink alcohol. Particularly, about the drinkers' socio-demographic characteristics, the 50% of them were 24-25 years old and the 75% were married. About the type of alcoholic beverages consumed, 86% stated they usually drink bier during the weekend. Conclusions Our study shows that the awareness of the women about the importance of these risk factors is still rather poor. In order to improve the awareness of pregnant women on the importance of avoiding these risk factors and prevent CAs, health education campaigns at various levels surely represent the public health cornerstone. Key messages In our sample 14% of the pregnant women continued to smoke and 4.3% to drink despite pregnancy and they generally were young or young adults and with a high educational level. Our results highlight the importance of continuous health education about the risk to smoke and drink during pregnancy.

“VešKajPiješ?” (You know what you drink?) - mobile app for reducing alcohol related harm in Slovenia

Abstract Regulation (EU) No. 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers, provides that the labelling of ingredients and nutritional declaration is not mandatory for alcoholic beverages with more than 1.2% alcohol by volume. Consequently, consumers generally do not have access to similar information on alcoholic beverages as they do for food and non-alcoholic beverages. In Slovenia, drinking alcohol is a serious public health problem, both among adolescents and adults. Per capita consumption of pure alcohol in Slovenia is above the EU average. In order to achieve better results and reduce alcohol related harm, we need a comprehensive alcohol policy that incorporates proven effective measures in different areas of action. In 2019, in the frame of Slovenian programme “VesKajJes” (Know what you eat) supported by MoH, a mobile application was developed that enables consumers to scan EAN code for gaining the nutrition profile of selected food item. An analysis of the behaviour of mobile app users revealed that alcoholic beverages are one of the most frequently sought products; of all searches, as many as 36% of users wanted to get information about alcohol beverages. This was a major reason for upgrading the mobile application with information about alcoholic beverages. Additionally this newly developed communication channel will be used for raising awareness about alcohol-related harm. Mobile application “VešKajPiješ?” (You know what you drink?) will be developed within which we will: (1) collect information on at least 1,500 alcoholic beverages; (2) develop the protocol for a reliable assessment of the energy values depending of the type of alcoholic beverages; (3) prepare short health messages to raise awareness about the effects of hazardous and harmful alcohol use; (4) develop an application upgrade to show the alcohol content, energy value of alcoholic beverages, health messages and a link to a screening tool for assessing the alcohol consumption (AUDIT). Key messages There is a growing support for mandatory labelling of alcohol-containing beverages including health warnings. The program presents a solution consisting of a mobile app for consumers seeking information.

Perspektif Hukum Islam (Hadd Al-Syurb) tentang Aia Niro dan Tuak (Khamr) di Nagari Batu Payuang Halaban

In Islamic law, khamr is a common type of alcoholic beverage that is forbidden for consumption due to its elements that can intoxicate and lead to loss of self-control. The government of Indonesia also forbids people from consuming the intoxicating beverage in certain levels. Nevertheless, a community group in Batu Payuang Halaban, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, wherein their daily lives can be found a type of traditional beverage as same as khamr that is a fermented juice of sugar palm bunches. The people call it “tuak”. This research aims to investigate how the people of Nagari Batu Payuang produce aia niro and tuak, their motives for buying, selling, and consuming the drink, and judging it from the perspective of Islamic law (hadd al-syurb). This type of research is field research with a qualitative approach. Data sources consisted of primary and secondary. The data collection was conducted by observing the process of producing aia niro, tuak, and the transaction, and in-depth interviews with owners of sugar palm plantation, tuak producers, buyers, sellers, consumers, and local ulama (Islamic scholars). The data were analyzed in descriptive by reduction, display, and verification. To examine this research, the theory used was the concept of hadd al-syurb in Islamic law and the regulation on alcoholic beverages in Indonesia. The results show that aia niro is produced by extracting the bunches of male sugar palm and it is the raw material to produce tuak by leaving the aia niro in jerry cans and adding agarwood bark for 3 days. The sellers have various reasons to sell tuak and its raw materials. Besides the price is higher than brown sugar, it is also motivated by personal and other economic reasons as well as easier processing. People who drink tuak realize that it is intoxicating in a certain amount but they drink it to warm their bodies and relieve their fatigues. In the concept of hadd al-syurb, consuming tuak as an intoxicating substance is haram (forbidden) and is condemned to those who drink it. However, they who trade it are not punished by hudud since the Sunna proposition only refers to the transaction as an act of curse.

Temuan Botol Dari Pulau Enggano. Analisis Sejarah dan Teknologi Pembuatan

Enggano island is one of the foremost islands of the Republic of Indonesia in the western part of Sumatera. Geologically, this island has never been integrated with the sumateran mainland, in contrast to the upper islands such as, Nias and Mentawai, thus, the only access to this island is from the sea. From the result of study in the field, it is known that this island was once used as a coconut plantation land by the Dutch, and controlled by the Japanese since 1943. During Japanese period, the island was focused on being a naval base as evidenced by the existence of defense buildings such as pillboxes and bunkers on the Enggano coast. One of the archeological findings that is interesting and has never been studied is the bottle. From the results of the analysis, the findings of the bottle have a different form, origin, and technology. The technology of making bottles has developed from time to time. This technology is known from the traces of its manufacture, namely the vertical lines and bubbles contained in the bottle. From the results of the reading of the inscriptions and bottle comparisons, it is known that the bottles are from Europe and Asia, and contain a type of alcoholic beverage.

The impact of broad-based vs targeted taxation on youth alcohol consumption in Lebanon

This study aims to model youth's off-premise alcohol demand and forecasts ethanol intake responsiveness to alcohol taxes. Using stated preference alcohol purchase data from a survey of 1024 university students in Lebanon, we derive price elasticities that we use to forecast the effects of two excise tax scenarios on overall ethanol intake. The first scenario imposes a broad-based 20% tax on all types of alcoholic beverages, and the second scenario imposes a targeted 20% tax only on the high ethanol content, while exempting the lower ethanol beverages. Overall, targeted taxes are found to achieve a reduction in ethanol intake that is nearly three times that achieved by broad taxes (15.7% vs 5.3%). For 'past-month binge drinkers', targeted taxes would decrease alcohol intake by 16.3%, while broad taxes increase it by 3.3%. Finally, ethanol intake among participants who prefer low ethanol content would decrease under targeted taxes by more than five times as much as under broad taxes. For 'high-ethanol drinkers', targeted taxes decrease alcohol intake by an even larger proportion than for 'low-ethanol drinkers' (19.0% vs 15.6%), while broad taxes increase their ethanol intake by ∼16.0%. This study contributes evidence that taxation policy substantially reduces alcohol consumption and that alcohol consumption patterns should be accounted for when designing taxes.

Exploring the diversity and role of microbiota during material pretreatment of light-flavor Baijiu

Baijiu (Chinese liquor) is a type of traditional distilled alcoholic beverage produced through spontaneous solid-state fermentation with sorghum as the primary material. Material processing, including sorghum soaking, steaming and cooling which is carried out in an open environment, is an integral part of Baijiu manufacturing. However, the microbiota involved in material pretreatment and its associate with the alcoholic fermentation is unclear. This research is aimed to exploring the diversity and role of microbiota during material pretreatment of light-flavor Baijiu. Results showed that Cyanobacteria, Epicoccum, and Cladosporium predominated in the sorghum at the beginning of soaking. Lactobacillus and Pichia became the predominant bacterial and fungal genera by the end of soaking. With the dynamics of microbiota, the pH declined sharply and the categories and concentration of volatile flavors such as alcohols, esters, acids, phenols, ketones, and aldehydes increased. Correlation analysis indicated that Lactobacillus and Pichia showed positive correlation with various flavors during soaking. Furthermore, SourceTracker analysis revealed that the microbiota involved during cooling processing was an important source of the Lactobacillus during fermentation of light-flavor Baijiu. This study illustrates the role of microbiota during material pretreatment and the association with alcoholic fermentation, which contributes to reveal the mechanism of Baijiu manufacturing.

Chronic Alcohol Consumption is Inversely Associated with Insulin Resistance and Fatty Liver in Japanese Males.

We aimed to elucidate the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on fatty liver. We assessed the consumption of alcohol in 2429 Japanese males (mean age: 54.2 ± 9 years); they were classified according to average consumption into non-drinkers (ND), light drinkers (LD), moderate drinkers (MD), and heavy drinkers (HD). The prevalence of fatty liver was the lowest in the MD and highest in the ND group (p < 0.001), while obesity was not significantly different among the groups (p = 0.133). Elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were the lowest in the MD group (p = 0.011) along with resistance to insulin (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)), which was highest in the ND group (p = 0.001). Chronic consumption of alcohol was independently and inversely associated with fatty liver and insulin resistance after adjusting for obesity, hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia, habit of drinking sweet beverages, physical activity, and age (odds ratios are as follows: ND, 1; LD, 0.682; MD, 0.771; HD, 0.840 and ND, 1; LD, 0.724; MD, 0.701; HD, 0.800, respectively). We found that regardless of the type of alcoholic beverage, chronic consumption of alcohol is inversely associated with insulin resistance and fatty liver in Japanese males. This study had limitations, most notably the lack of investigation into diet and nutrition.

Male alcohol consumption and fecundability.

Does male alcohol consumption affect fecundability? In data pooled across Danish and North American preconception cohort studies, we found little evidence of an association between male alcohol consumption and reduced fecundability. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that alcohol affects male reproductive physiology, mainly by altering male reproductive hormones and spermatogenesis. However, few epidemiologic studies have examined the association between alcohol consumption and male fertility. Data were collected from two ongoing prospective preconception cohort studies: the Danish 'SnartForaeldre' (SF) study (662 couples) and the North American 'Pregnancy Study Online' (PRESTO) (2017 couples). Participants included in the current analysis were enrolled from August 2011 through June 2019 (SF) and from June 2013 through June 2019 (PRESTO). Eligible men were aged ≥18years in SF and ≥21years in PRESTO, in a stable relationship with a female partner and not using contraception or receiving fertility treatment. In both cohorts, alcohol consumption/serving size was self-reported as number of beers (330mL/12oz.), glasses of white or red wine (120mL/4oz. each), dessert wine (50mL/2oz.) and spirits (20mL/1.5oz.). Overall alcohol consumption was categorized as none, 1-5, 6-13 and ≥14 standard servings per week. Total menstrual cycles at risk were calculated using data from female partners' follow-up questionnaires, which were completed every 8weeks until self-reported pregnancy or 12 menstrual cycles, whichever came first. Analyses were restricted to couples that had been trying to conceive for ≤6cycles at study entry. Proportional probability regression models were used to compute fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs). We adjusted for male and female age, female partner's alcohol consumption, intercourse frequency, previous history of fathering a child, race/ethnicity, education, BMI, smoking and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and caffeine. The cumulative proportion of couples who conceived during 12cycles of follow-up were 1727 (64.5%). The median (interquartile range) of total male alcohol consumption was 4.5 (2.0-7.8) and 4.1 (1.0-8.6) standard servings per week in the SF and PRESTO cohorts, respectively. In pooled analyses, adjusted FRs for male alcohol consumption of 1-5, 6-13 and ≥14 standard servings per week compared with no alcohol consumption were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.90-1.17), 1.10 (95% CI: 0.96-1.27) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.81-1.18), respectively. For SF, adjusted FRs of 1-5, 6-13 and ≥14 standard servings per week compared with no alcohol consumption were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.73-1.28), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.60-1.10) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.51-1.30), respectively. For PRESTO, adjusted FRs of 1-5, 6-13 and ≥14 standard servings per week compared with no alcohol consumption were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.88-1.18), 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03-1.40) and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.84-1.26), respectively. Male alcohol consumption was ascertained at baseline only, and we did not distinguish between regular and binge drinking. In addition, we had insufficient numbers to study the effects of specific types of alcoholic beverages. As always, residual confounding by unmeasured factors, such as dietary factors and mental health, cannot be ruled out. Comorbidities thought to play a role in the reproductive setting (i.e. cancer, metabolic syndrome) were not considered in this study; however, the prevalence of cancer and diabetes was low in this age group. Findings for the highest categories of alcohol consumption (6-13 and ≥14 servings/week) were not consistent across the two cohorts. Despite little evidence of an association between male alcohol consumption and reduced fecundability in the pooled analysis, data from the Danish cohort might indicate a weak association between reduced fecundability and consumption of six or more servings per week. This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01-HD060680, R01-HD086742, R21-HD050264, R21-HD072326, R03-HD090315), the Novo Nordisk Foundation, Oticon Fonden, Politimester J.P.N. Colind og hustru Asmine Colinds mindelegat and Erna og Peter Houtveds studielegat. PRESTO receives in-kind donations from FertilityFriend.com, Kindara.com, Swiss Precision Diagnostics and Sandstone Diagnostics for the collection of data pertaining to fertility. Dr Wise serves as a consultant on uterine leiomyomata for AbbVie.com. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.

The Relationship between the Consumption of Different Types of Alcoholic Beverages and Household Income Inequality

The Relationship between the Consumption of Different Types of Alcoholic Beverages and Household Income Inequality

Investigation of the Erosive Potential of Different Types of Alcoholic Beverages

Objective: To evaluate the erosive potential of different alcoholic beverages according to pH, titratable acidity and buffering capacity. Material and Methods: Thirteen industrialized alcoholic beverages of different brands were selected and divided into five groups according to their type and composition. The pH measurement and titratable acidity for pH 5.5 and 7.0 were performed in triplicate in 50 mL of each beverage. The buffering capacity was calculated based on pH and titratable acidity for pH 7.0. ANOVA, Tukey, and Pearson correlation, with p<0.05, were used for data analysis . Results: Data showed normal distribution by Shapiro-Wilk test. The pH of alcoholic beverages ranged from 2.49 (Miks Ice Tea - Green Fruits) to 7.64 (Smirnoff). The highest values of acid titration (4.68) and buffer capacity (19.97) were observed in Smirnoff Ice. The following correlations (p<0.01) were noted between: pH and titratable acidity; buffering capacity and pH; buffering capacity and titratable acidity . Conclusion: Some beers and alcopops presented erosive potential due to their lower pH associated with high acid titration values. The whisky and sugarcane liquor examined were not potentially erosive.

The relationship between consumption of fermented alcoholic beverages, eating patterns ans anthropometric parameters in elderly patients at high cardiovascular risk

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have shown that moderate consumption of wine (W) or beer (B) could have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). It has been observed that the food pattern and anthropometric parameters in W or B consumers may be different from non-alcoholic drinkers (NAD), in populations from North of Europe and USA.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the dietary pattern and anthropometric parameters among consumers of W, B and NAD, in an elderly population at high cardiovascular risk.Methods4940 participants recruited from the Predimed trial, a 5-year parallel group, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial, were evaluated. We used date from a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire with 137 items, that included the amount and type of alcoholic beverage consumed. Adherence to traditional Mediterranean diet also was evaluated using a validated 14-point score test as well as anthropometric parameters (height, body weight and waist perimeter) measured using standard methods.ResultsComparisons among groups showed that W drinkers had a higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet than drinkers of B and NAD (P &lt; 0.001; both). On the other hand, the drinkers of W showed also lower body weight and body mass index (BMI) than B and NAD drinkers (P &lt; 0.001; both).ConclusionsModerate wine consumption is associated lower body weight and BMI and a higher adherence to Mediterranean diet. Accordingly, W drinkers could have extra beneficial effects on CVD than others alcoholic beverages.

Differences in Alcohol Consumption and Preferences for Types of Alcoholic Beverages in OECD Countries

Differences in Alcohol Consumption and Preferences for Types of Alcoholic Beverages in OECD Countries

Cultural Patterns of Drinking and Alcoholism in North and South of Croatia

Drinking patterns and types of alcoholic beverages consumed in Croatia vary from culture to culture as well as between different social strata. Alcohol drinking in Croatia is a socially accepted behaviour, and society has a high tolerance for drinking alcohol as a cultural pattern and an accepted style of behaviour deeply rooted in tradition. In its continental part, Croatia belongs to the pattern of drinking of Eastern and Central European peoples by drinking alcoholic beverages, while in the coastal areas, it belongs to the Mediterranean pattern, dominated by wine drinking. Taking comorbidity into account significantly contributes to the quality and success of alcoholics' treatment and improves prognosis. Abuse and alcohol addiction in women have been steadily increasing in recent decades. The results of numerous studies, as well as the experience gained in clinical work, show that there are significant differences in the customs, phenomenology and cultural patterns of alcohol consumption in the north and south of Croatia, and that alcoholism can be associated with suicide rates, Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in the north and south of Croatia. Analyses of the phenomenology and cultural patterns of alcohol consumption in the north and south of Croatia in this article, as well as the results of numerous studies, indicate the need to take into account the sociocultural influences and specificities of a particular country when designing prevention and promotion programs as a precondition for their success, and that in planning interventions and therapeutic procedures in alcoholics should always be sensitive to cultural differences.

The Effects of Commercial Alcoholic Drinks Determined Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-dispersive Electromagnetic Wave (X-Ray) Spectroscopy

In modern society, drinking is becoming a culture while alcohol consumption continues to increase. Studies show that alcohol consumption in the oral cavity averages 2 hours, and alcohol consumption seems to have a high effect on tooth damage. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of dental erosion due to intake of some alcoholic beverages in the market. Six types of alcoholic beverages were immersed in 1 ml of each alcohol for 10 min, 60 min, and 120 min to obtain only enamel of the tooth and observe changes over time. The crystal structure of the enamel surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the changes in calcium and phosphorus, the major constituents of teeth, were analyzed by energy dispersive electromagnetic wave (X-ray) spectroscopy (EDS). Based on the results, the tooth showed a destructive pattern while and loss of calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) increased significantly as exposure time to the low pH alcoholic drinks increased. Since this causes the demineralization of inorganic components and greatly affects the risk of tooth erosion, long contact with alcohol should be avoided.

The impact of frequency, pattern, intensity, and type of alcohol consumption, and its combined effect with smoking on inflammation, lipid profile, and the risk of myocardial infarction

AimTo determine the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) associated with pattern, frequency, and intensity of alcohol consumption, type of alcoholic beverage, and the combined effect of alcohol and smoking on risk of MI, inflammation, and lipid profile.MethodA total of 423 cases with a first MI and 465 controls from the Maltese Acute Myocardial Infarction (MAMI) Study were analysed. Data was collected through an extensive interviewer-led questionnaire, along with measurements of various blood parameters. Medians and the Mann–Whitney test were used to assess effect of different drinking patterns, frequency, intensity, and smoking and drinking combinations on hs-CRP and lipid profile. Odds ratios, adjusted for the conventional risk factors of MI (AdjORs), were calculated as an estimate of the relative risk of MI.ResultsRegular alcohol consumption protected against MI [AdjOR 0.6 (95% CI 0.4–0.9)] while daily binge drinking increased risk [AdjOR 5.0 (95% CI 1.6–15.0)] relative to regular drinkers who did not binge drink. Whereas moderate weekly consumption of wine protected against MI, high weekly consumption of beer conveyed a deleterious effect. Alcohol consumption decreased risk of MI independent of smoking status. Frequent alcohol consumption was associated with higher HDL-, non-HDL-, total cholesterol and triglycerides, and lower hs-CRP. Total and HDL-cholesterol increased and BMI decreased with increasing quantity of weekly alcohol consumption relative to the non-regular drinkers. The effect of smoking on lipid profile and hs-CRP was less pronounced in current drinkers than in those who were non-regular drinkers.ConclusionThe protective effect of alcohol consumption was dependent on the pattern, frequency, type, and intensity of alcohol consumed. Alcohol modified the effects of smoking on the lipid profile. Regular drinking attenuated the effect of smoking on hs-CRP and lipid profile.

Hidden Potential of Arak Bali to be The World’s Seventh Spirit; from religious purpose to negative investment list

In a joint meeting between Governor and Bali Regional House of Representatives on 11 February 2019, Bali Governor Wayan Koster expressed his interest to promote arak as a trademark of Bali, a traditional Balinese spirit. Arak is a type of distilled alcoholic beverage, generally produced in Southeast Asia and South Asia countries. Each region has its distinctive method in selecting the most delicate raw material as primary ingredient, to its patients and meticulous preparations in producing the best liquor. Religious activities becomes chief reason the art of liquor distilation present in the island of God, especially Arak. It serves as tetabuhan in traditional and religious ceremonies, a recreational beverage for adults or even utilize to make herbal paste. Some traditional farmer use Wariga as a reference to determine the perfect day to produce arak, therefore, the process becomes its distinctive feature. Realizing its hidden potential, Governor Koster expressed his interest in making Balinese Arak legal as a prospective industry to improve the communities economic welfare, by promoting it as a heritage-based product. Through departments in Provincial government, he prepares standardisation as well as legal basis to promote the liquor in tourism industry. However, the distilled spirit is classified as Alcohol type C on the law thus its distribution in full scale is strictly regulated by the law. Furthermore, Presidential Regulation which adds alcoholic beverages as negative investment list, become a high wall to climb before the customer could safely sip the product.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DURATION OF KAMEKO CONSUMPTION (AREN FERMENTATION BEVERAGE) TO HEMATOLOGY LEVELS IN LABAHA VILLAGE, KECAMATAN WATOPUTE, MUNA DISTRICT, SOUTHEATS SULAWESI

Aren (Arengapinnata) is a type of coconut palm which is one of the plants that can produce a type of traditional alcoholic beverage and has 4% alcohol content. Consumption of too much alcohol can cause anemia by affecting the process of blood formation (hematopoiesis) through metabolic and nutritional effects and also directly inhibits the proliferation of all cellular elements in the bone marrow. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the duration of kameko consumption to hematological levels in Labaha Village, WatoputeSubdistrict, Muna Regency in 2018. This study is an observational analytical study with a cross sectional study design. The results showed that of the 25 respondents, the cross tabulation test showed, for the duration of consumption with hematological levels ≤ 5 years with a total of 17 respondents obtained abnormal examination scores for Hemoglobin levels (58.8%), Erythrocytes (41.2%), and Leukocytes (41.2%). While consumption of kameko&gt; 5 years with a total of 8 respondents, abnormal hematological levels were obtained. While the spearman correlation test between the duration of consumption and the three parameters of Hemoglobin test, Erythrocyte and Leukocyte obtained sig. p &lt;0.05 with correlation strength of each value r = - 0.953, r = - 0.934, r = 0.82. The conclusion of this study is that there is a correlation between the duration of consumption to hematological levels (Hemoglobin, Leukocytes and Erythrocytes) with Kameko consumption in Labaha Village, Watopute District, Muna Regency in 2018.

Adolescents’ alcohol use after liberalisation of alcohol sales in Finland in 2018

Abstract Background Adolescents’ alcohol use and binge drinking decreased in Finland since 2001 while the proportion of those who did not drink, increased until 2017. The 2018 Alcohol Act (entered 1 March) allowed retail stores sell all alcoholic beverages containing up to 5.5% alcohol by volume (previously 4.7%, beer and cider). Alcopops, assumed popular among adolescents, are now available in retail stores for those ≥18 years. We study changes in adolescents’ alcohol use and type of alcohol beverages until 2019. Methods Data from Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey (AHLS) has been collected biennially from nationally representative samples of 12-, 14-, 16- and 18-year-old Finnish adolescents. The data collection of the 2019 survey is going on and continues until June. Approximately two thirds of the expected responses (N = 2666) has arrived by the end April. Results According to our preliminary results, among girls abstinence slightly decreased from 2017 to 2019 and the increasing trend levelled off. Among boys, abstinence stayed at the same level from 2017 to 2019 among 12- and 14-year olds, decreased among 16-year-olds and increased among 18-year-olds. The decrease in monthly alcohol use had levelled off in 2017 and the use stayed approximately on the same level in 2019 as in 2017. Changes in type of alcoholic beverages will be ready in June and will be presented in the conference. Conclusions One year after the liberalisation of the Alcohol Act, no increase in adolescent alcohol use was observed, but the decreasing trend seems to have levelled off, while a small decrease in the proportion of those who do not drink at all seems likely. Key messages In a short run under-aged alcohol use has not increased after the liberalisation of the Alcohol Act. However, abstinence has slightly decreased.

Various Risk Factors Associated with Severity of Liver Disease in ALD Patients

Introduction: Excessive intake of alcohol becomes a major healthcare issue worldwide with consequencesaffecting socially, economically, and clinically and recorded 3.3 million deaths in 2012 (WHO 2014)29.Heavy drinking over a long period of time damages almost every organ of the body especially liver.Objective: To assess the various risk factors associated with severity of liver disease in ALD patientsMaterial and Method: There were 953 total subjects taken for study. They all were drinking alcohol, out ofwhich 60 were diagnosed as ALD patients and they were further studied for various risk factors responsiblefor progression of ALD.Results: Total 953 males drinking alcohol from minimum five years were studied. Out of the 953 drinkers,60 were ALD patients (various degree of progression). None of the were taking any medicines since last 2months. Anti-HCV and HBsAg were negative in all patients. Various risk factors were studied like averagedaily alcohol intake, duration of drinking, type of alcohol beverage and drinking habits etc. Daily alcoholconsumption higher than 20gm and minimum for 5 yearsfound to be significant with progression of ALD.Itwas also resulted that maximum subjects (38.61%) were drinking hard liquors followed by Beer (30.74%),Multiple alcohol beverage (20.25%) and wine (10.38%). 87.82% of the total subjects were drinking alcoholat meal time or with meals and the daily alcohol intake was significantly lower than that of the alcoholconsumed at any time (means with and without meals) (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: The analyzed data highlights that ALD is a major and chronic health condition resulting fromvarious risk factorswhich can be preventable.

Upaya Pencegahan Anak dari Pengaruh Minuman Keras Dihubungkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak: Tinjauan

The current rise in alcoholic trade, in small roadside stalls, even among them has been openly trading alcohol. This results in the ease with which people get liquor. Including the alcoholic trade which is not accompanied by knowledge of the type of alcoholic beverage itself. Many of them do not understand the type of alcohol they can drink or not. Circulation of liquor at this time has not been handled properly, due to the lack of law enforcement against liquor sellers, so that with the easy sale of liquor that is still running it results in children who participate in becoming consumers and consuming liquor so that it has a negative impact on child growth and development. The number of alcoholic parties is certainly not just happening, the ease of people getting liquor makes some people easily drink alcohol. If we look at a number of events, this alcoholic party is carried out by a group of elderly people to high school children who are only a dozen years old. This happens because people can buy liquor easily at convenience stores. The ease of access to liquor is then one of the factors supporting the many alcoholic party events in the community. Another supporting factor from the rise of alcoholic parties in the Cigending Village community is the circulation of illegal alcohol in the community. One of the behaviors of children who reach adolescence is to show their true identity to friends or the environment, with environmental behavior that is not good and is not well cared for by the family can be excessive. In general, teenagers want to be recognized and get special treatment. Negative relationships that influence the use of liquor among teenagers. Liquor can damage the development of child development so there is a need for efforts to protect children from the bad influence of hard miniman as an effort to implement Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. The task of controlling this is in accordance with what is mandated by the Food Law, where the National Police has the right and obligation to control illegal alcoholic drinks without permission in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Efforts to control illegal alcoholic beverages will greatly affect the decline in the incidence of alcoholic drinks because according to several events, people who carry out alcoholic drinks are usually from the lower middle class