Consumption Of Alcoholic Beverages Research Articles

Conhecimento nutricional entre mulheres Obesas e Eutróficas atendidas em uma unidade ambulatorial de saúde: Classificação e Comparação entre os Grupos

Objetivo: Comparar o ní­vel de conhecimento nutricional entre mulheres obesas e eutróficas. Métodos: Estudo transversal, amostra não probabilí­stica de mulheres obesas (n 64) e eutróficas (n 64), idade entre 19 e 60 anos. Coletou-se dados sociodemográficos, estilo de vida, antropométricos (IMC, CC), QCN e Questionário Internacional de Atividade Fí­sica (IPAQ), versão curta. Resultados: Ní­vel de conhecimento nutricional apresentado pela maioria de "moderado" (72% MO e 82,8% ME). Classificação de atividade fí­sica, a maioria das participantes de ambos os grupos se apresentaram "ativo" (59,4% MO e 70,3% ME). Quando associado o NCN e as variáveis sociodemográficas, percebeu-se associação positiva entre o ní­vel de conhecimento nutricional "moderado/alto" de ambos os grupos; renda familiar 1 a 2 salários mí­nimos (p= 0,023); estilo de vida, etilismo (p= 0,016) e atividade fí­sica classificados como "ativos". Quanto í s associações entre as variáveis antropométricas (CC e IMC), não houve associação estatisticamente significante entre os í­ndices. Conclusão: A maioria do grupo de obesas e eutróficas apresentou um ní­vel de conhecimento nutricional "moderado", sem diferenças entre os grupos, sendo este associado a maior renda familiar, maior consumo de bebida alcoólica e indiví­duos mais ativos.

Sex- and age-dependent differences in nicotine susceptibility evoked by developmental exposure to tobacco smoke and/or ethanol in mice.

Either tobacco smoking or alcohol consumption during pregnancy sex-selectively increases susceptibility to drugs of abuse later in life. Considering that pregnant smoking women are frequently intermittent consumers of alcoholic beverages, here, we investigated whether a short-term ethanol exposure restricted to the brain growth spurt period when combined with chronic developmental exposure to tobacco smoke aggravates susceptibility to nicotine in adolescent and adult mice. Swiss male and female mice were exposed to tobacco smoke (SMK; research cigarettes 3R4F, whole-body exposure, 8 h/daily) or ambient air during the gestational period and until the tenth postnatal day (PN). Ethanol (ETOH, 2 g/Kg, 25%, i.p.) or saline was injected in the pups every other day from PN2 to PN10. There were no significant differences in cotinine (nicotine metabolite) and ethanol serum levels among SMK, ETOH and SMK + ETOH groups. During adolescence (PN30) and adulthood (PN90), nicotine (NIC, 0.5 mg/Kg) susceptibility was evaluated in the conditioned place preference and open field tests. NIC impact was more evident in females: SMK, ETOH and SMK + ETOH adolescent females were equally more susceptible to nicotine-induced place preference than control animals. At adulthood, SMK and SMK + ETOH adult females exhibited a nicotine-evoked hyperlocomotor profile in the open field, with a stronger effect in the SMK + ETOH group. Our results indicate that ethanol exposure during the brain growth spurt, when combined to developmental exposure to tobacco smoke, increases nicotine susceptibility with stronger effects in adult females. This result represents a worsened outcome from the early developmental dual exposure and may predispose nicotine use/abuse later in life.

Impact of Educational Level and Family income on Breast Cancer Awareness among College-Going Girls in Shillong (Meghalaya), India.

Background:Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women in India and shows an increasing trend. The mammography screening seems unfeasible as a public health service in India. Thus, breast self-examination (BSE), followed by clinical breast examination (CBE), is the affordable method to downstage BC. A cross-sectional study was conducted with senior school and college-going girls in Shillong (Meghalaya) to study the impact of girls’ academic level and family income on breast cancer knowledge and the prevalence of BC’s known risk factors in girls. Methods:A self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect relevant information. The data were analysed using statistical software SPSS version 22. The categorical data presented as frequency (%) and the comparison made using Chi-square or Fisher exact test. Results:(i) 78.2% girls knew about breast cancer, 19.2% of these were aware of BSE, and 22.9% of BSE knowing ever performed it (ii) Awareness of breast cancer and BSE, and its practice is significantly associated with their academic level and family income (iii) The consumption of alcohol beverages and physical activity of girls was positively associated with educational level and family income (iv) Body mass index (BMI) was weakly associated with family income with an insignificant relationship with academic level (v) oily food consumption related inversely with the level of education irrespective of family income (vi) there was a positive correlation between parents education and family income. Conclusions:The results show a severe lack of breast cancer knowledge in senior school and college-going girls under the survey. To spread community awareness, we suggest a public health policy-driven educational intervention through culturally relevant mass/social media on the risk factors of breast cancer and practice of BSE. It is also recommended that dedicated facilities be created for breast cancer early diagnosis in the public health system.

Abstract PO-059: Educational program to reduce cancer health disparities in breast cancer prevention and screening

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women in the U.S. and around the world. In the United States in 2017, 250,520 new cases of female breast cancer were diagnosed, and 42,000 women died from breast cancer. It is well known that lifestyle impacts human health. By making healthy lifestyle choices, a person can reduce the risk to develop cancer. For the past two decades, obesity, consumption of alcoholic beverages, and sedentary behavior has been linked to an increased risk of developing breast cancer. In case we cannot prevent the cancer, mammogram screening can help detect the cancer at an early stage. Early detection of breast cancer is correlated with a better prognosis and less invasive treatment. According to Healthy People 2020 report, uninsured women had the lowest breast cancer screening rate, and none of all the other categories, except women with advanced educational degrees, met the target for breast cancer screening of 81.1%. In Connecticut, 14% of women between 50 and 74 years old did not receive a mammography in the past two years. In the United States, 7% of cancer deaths are attributable to obesity, and adult obesity prevalence increased in recent years, highlighting disparities by race-ethnicity and socio-economic status. In Connecticut, a recent report shows that, from 2016 to 2018, 37% of non-Hispanic Black adults self- reported obesity, compared to 32% of Hispanic and 25.2% of non-Hispanic white. In 2016, 25% of women in Connecticut were Obese (with a BMI of 30 or higher), affecting an estimated 320,000 women. Based on this data, we started an educational program aimed to increase awareness regarding modifiable risk factors for breast cancer, such as overweight and obesity, alcohol consumption, and low physical activity, and to increase the participation to breast cancer screening. Since February 2020, every woman age of 50 and older, coming to the clinic for any medical reasons, with a BMI equal or greater than 25, received a 20-30 minutes individual educational session. Due to the COVID-19 crisis, the program was temporally suspended in March and it has recently restarted. Data is still being collected. At the end of the session, the patient received some informational material to bring home. The material includes fact-sheets, list of behavioral strategies, and tools to use at home, to support their effort to change lifestyle- related risk behaviors. Supplemental materials include weekly charts and tables to track the progress of weight management, alcohol consumption and PA. The aim of this program is to educate women, with attention to those racial/ethnic groups that are more affected by health disparities, recognize their level of risk for breast cancer, recognize and make healthy food and beverage choices, increase the level of physical activity, and increase the participation to cancer screenings that can help them to reduce the burden of cancer if it is detected early. It is also an opportunity to identify those women more at risk and help them to get in contact with the resources they need. Citation Format: Giuliana Belleggia, Rebecca Andrews. Educational program to reduce cancer health disparities in breast cancer prevention and screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-059.

Analysis of the potential for dental wear of acidic diet: Literature review

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform an acid wear properties review (pH, entitlement and buffering effect) of diets that can influence dental and restorative aging. Methodology: Manuscripts from the Pubmed database were collected. The search terms were: “Dental erosion”, “Erosion”, “Food habits”, “acidity”, “tooth enamel solubility”, “carbonated drinks”, “hydroxyapatite” and “alcoholic beverage consumption” between the years of 1995 and 2020. Result: 755 manuscripts were initially obtained, but after analyzing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 manuscripts were selected at the end. After analyzing the 15 manuscripts included in the literature review, the results of the study showed that most of the diets evaluated had a pH lower than 5.5, except for coffee and mineral water. The soft drinks and Kombucha had lower pH values and therefore more corrosive potential. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that most of the diets evaluated present a corrosive potential for dental structure and restorative materials.

Glassware design and drinking behaviours: a review of impact and mechanisms using a new typology of drinking behaviours

ABSTRACT Much of the global burden of disease is attributable to unhealthy behaviour, including excessive consumption of alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages. Developing effective methods to change these drinking behaviours could inform policies to improve population health. In line with an increasing interest in environmental-level interventions – i.e., changing the environment in which a behaviour occurs in order to change the behaviour of interest – this review first describes the existing evidence of the impact of glassware design (including capacity and shape) on drinking behaviours (e.g., at the ‘micro’ level – including sip size, as well as at the macro level – including amount consumed). The roles of two sets of possible underlying mechanisms – perception and affordance – are also explored. Finally, this review sets out a provisional typology of drinking behaviours to enable more systematic approaches to the study of these behaviours. While there is a paucity of evidence – in particular on measures of consumption – this growing evidence base suggests promising targets for novel interventions involving glassware design to reduce the consumption of drinks that harm health. Trial registration: ISRCTN.org identifier: ISRCTN10456720.

Allowing wine and strong beer in grocery stores: the tale of Tennessee

Purpose This study aims to examine whether the introduction of wine or regular strength beer (B) sales in Tennessee grocery stores significantly increased the number of alcoholic beverages (AB) consumed or excise taxes collected in the state. Design/methodology/approach This study uses both a time series and a model-based approach to assess if a significant change in alcoholic beverage excise tax collections occurred after the natural experiment. The study evaluates monthly tax collections from B, mixed drinks and AB between January 1968 and September 2018 published by the Tennessee Department of Revenue. Findings The findings suggest that neither alcoholic beverage consumption nor excise taxes collected increased substantially in Tennessee as a result of the introduction of wine and regular strength B in grocery stores. It is likely, however, that some changes inside the industry were significant. Originality/value This study assists policymakers and analysts in determining whether allowing the sale of wine and regular strength B in grocery stores will have a substantial impact on the total amount of AB consumed or excise taxes collected by the jurisdiction.

Prevalence of disordered eating behaviors and associated factors in Brazilian university students.

University students may be a vulnerable group to adopt unhealthy behaviors, including changes in eating behavior. Assessment of factors associated with the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors in this population may facilitate the early identification of their predictors, thus allowing fast interventions. To analyze the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors (DEB) and associated factors in Brazilian university students. Cross-sectional study of male and female students aged 16-25 years, enrolled in full-time degree program at a public university in the mid-west of Brazil. Disordered eating behaviors in the last three months (binge eating, purging, and food restriction), through an adapted version of the instrument developed by Hay, was evaluated and the association with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, including lifestyle, body image, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and excess weight, was analyzed. A hierarchical analysis model was performed to determine the relative importance of factors on the prevalence of DEB. A total of 1608 university students were evaluated (50.7% male). Prevalence of DEB was 4.4% for binge eating, 2.5% for purging and 9.1% for food restriction, all of which were higher among women (7.0%, 4.4%, and 13.5%) compared with men (1.8%, 0,6%, and 4.9%, respectively). The factors that remained significantly associated with these behaviors were female sex, smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, dissatisfaction with body image, excess weight, high perceived stress, and presence of self-reported depressive symptoms. Factors associated with DEB signal that intervention is required to create synergy between individual and population-level interventions in lifestyle behaviors.

Prevalence of hyperlipidemia and its associated factors in university students in Colombia

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and its associated factors in the students of the Faculty of Health of Universidad Santiago de Cali in 2017. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in a sample of 361 students, with an average age of 21 (16–40) years. A sociodemographic survey was conducted, and blood samples and lipid profiles were obtained. The participants were predominantly female (77%), single (92.5%), and young adults (62.3%) and with an average socioeconomic level (55.1%). The overall prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 33.8%, with the following risk values: triglyceride (TG), 12.8%; hypercholesterolemia, 16.1%; high density lipoprotein cholesterol (cHDL), 15.0%; and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cLDL), 42.2%. Using the theory of the logistic regression models and chi-square likelihood ratio tests, the factors that were significantly associated with the risk of hyperlipidemia were male sex and consumption of alcoholic beverages (P-value < 0.05). In the two-way ANOVA, it was observed that the interaction of these two factors for TG was significant (P-value < 0.05), being higher in men who consume intoxicating beverages (Tukey's test, P value <0.05). Regarding cHDL and cLDL, only sex presented a significant effect on their values (P-value < 0.05), while for total cholesterol, none was significant (P-value > 0.05). The results obtained indicate the importance of early detection of blood lipid levels in young people to prevent the early development of noncommunicable diseases.

Effects of alcohol consumption in general, and wine in particular, on the risk of cancer development: a review

Since 1988, alcohol has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, the highest level of risk, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In fact, alcohol consumption is the third leading risk factor for disease and mortality in Europe. It accounts for 4.65 % of the global burden of both injury and disease, making it one of the most preventable causes of injury and death. Tissues in closest contact with alcohol when it is ingested, such as those of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and larynx, have at greater risk of becoming cancerous than other body tissues. The consumption of alcohol is also associated with an increased risk of stomach, colon, rectum, liver, female breast and ovarian cancers. Conversely, recent studies suggest that red wine components inhibit colony formation of human breast cancer and esophageal carcinoma cells, suggesting that wine-derived phenolic compounds may be inhibitory, in contrast to the alcohol component of wine. Because of a lack of systematic studies dealing with the different types of cancer and alcoholic beverages and wine in particular, in this narrative review we summarize the general risk of cancer linked to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, including wine, according to type of cancer, with 140 extracted relevant references from 1966 to 2020. Mostly epidemiological studies concerning large cohorts have been selected. For the cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, liver, colorectum, breast cancer, pancreatic, prostate, an excessive consumption and/or misuse of alcoholic beverages is correlated with increased risk. Conversely a probable decreased risk has been found for renal/kidney cancers, as well as for Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, such as thyroid lymphomas, associated with the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages. There is no evidence of ovarian, gastric, head and neck, and lung cancer being linked to the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages. Cancer is a multifactorial disease, and many factors contribute to effects on health status, usually being both genetic and environmental. Habits (smoking, dietary/lifestyle pattern/ habits, physical activity), should also be taken into account when defining appropriate consumption frequencies for different types of alcoholic drink (wine, beer, spirits). Further research is needed related to wine consumption in the context of a healthy dietary and lifestyle pattern given health-promoting constituents of wine and its effects on cancer incidence.

Alcohol Consumption and Night-Time Leisure among Brazilian University Students

Recreational drug use is recognized by the World Health Organization as the consumption of alcoholic beverages, carried out by a portion of youth during leisure contexts. This research aimed at knowing the types of recreational drug use of a population of young Brazilian university students. This is an exploratory and quantitative research, developed through an anonymous and semi-structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 217 university students, aged 18 to 24 from a public university in the city of Vitoria- Brazil. The results showed that the recreational uses of substances occur mostly during leisure time. Such scenarios represent, for these young people, the possibility of rupture with daily life and the adult universe, characterized by the imposition of rules. For a young group, night-time leisure represents an important context of sociability and alcohol consumption. Among those surveyed, 63.6% consumed alcoholic beverages at night outings and 45.1% almost every weekend. Regarding the pattern of use, 49% consume binge drinking, especially when drinking in informal spaces such as streets and squares due to the lower regulatory control. The results corroborate that alcohol consumption is related to leisure agendas and address issues such as autonomous expression of identities and lifestyles in contemporary society.

Country-Level Relationships of the Human Intake of N and P, Animal and Vegetable Food, and Alcoholic Beverages with Cancer and Life Expectancy.

Background: The quantity, quality, and type (e.g., animal and vegetable) of human food have been correlated with human health, although with some contradictory or neutral results. We aimed to shed light on this association by using the integrated data at country level. Methods: We correlated elemental (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) compositions and stoichiometries (N:P ratios), molecular (proteins) and energetic traits (kilocalories) of food of animal (terrestrial or aquatic) and vegetable origin, and alcoholic beverages with cancer prevalence and mortality and life expectancy (LE) at birth at the country level. We used the official databases of United Nations (UN), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health, and Eurobarometer, while also considering other possibly involved variables such as income, mean age, or human development index of each country. Results: The per capita intakes of N, P, protein, and total intake from terrestrial animals, and especially alcohol were significantly and positively associated with prevalence and mortality from total, colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. In contrast, high per capita intakes of vegetable N, P, N:P, protein, and total plant intake exhibited negative relationships with cancer prevalence and mortality. However, a high LE at birth, especially in underdeveloped countries was more strongly correlated with a higher intake of food, independent of its animal or vegetable origin, than with other variables, such as higher income or the human development index. Conclusions: Our analyses, thus, yielded four generally consistent conclusions. First, the excessive intake of terrestrial animal food, especially the levels of protein, N, and P, is associated with higher prevalence of cancer, whereas equivalent intake from vegetables is associated with lower prevalence. Second, no consistent relationship was found for food N:P ratio and cancer prevalence. Third, the consumption of alcoholic beverages correlates with prevalence and mortality by malignant neoplasms. Fourth, in underdeveloped countries, reducing famine has a greater positive impact on health and LE than a healthier diet.

O elogio à cachaça: o discurso médico-naval sobre os benefícios do consumo de aguardente a bordo dos navios da Marinha Brasileira no século XIX

Na segunda metade do século XIX alguns médicos do Corpo de Saúde da Armada brasileira redigiram relatórios a respeito das viagens que haviam participado em navios da Marinha do Brasil. Além de apresentar a descrição dos aspectos nosológicos das tripulações durante as viagens, os cirurgiões da Armada expunham suas convicções médicas a respeito do modo ideal de manutenção da saúde dos militares diante das variadas adversidades impostas aos homens do mar quando em viagem. Tal atuação punha em destaque a importância do saber médico e o legitimava na instituição, tornando os médicos mais que sujeitos que se devotavam à cura, pois também possuiriam em seu repertório o controle dos corpos do pessoal da Marinha com vistas à maximização de seu desempenho a bordo. Dentre os diversos aspectos tratados em tais relatórios a respeito de práticas e comportamentos que possibilitariam saúde física e moral aos tripulantes, estava o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, em especial a aguardente. Advogava-se que o moderado consumo da cachaça pelos homens do mar ante o trabalho exaustivo a que estavam expostos seria salutar, na medida em que sua composição era estimulante e reanimadora, além de necessária para o organismo em climas mais frios. Não obstante, tal elogio à cachaça não se tratava de uma ode ao prazer ou à sociabilidade, mas sim um discurso que dava ao médico o controle a respeito de tal consumo, prescrevendo a quantidade e o momento em que a “bebida espirituosa” deveria ser usada. Tendo por mote teórico as abordagens da normatização dos corpos dos indivíduos e da ascensão do saber médico, este artigo discutirá o enfoque dado por cirurgiões da Armada brasileira ao consumo da aguardente pelos militares da Marinha no século XIX.

Alcoholic beverage consumption, smoking habits, and periodontitis: A cross-sectional investigation of the NutriNet-Santé study.

Recent evidence suggests that dietary habits influence the development and severity of periodontitis. The present cross-sectional study evaluated the association between different types and quantity of alcoholic beverage consumption (alone and interacting with smoking) and the probability to suffer from severe periodontitis in the French e-cohort NutriNet-Santé. The study population consisted of 35,390 adults (mean age: 49.04 ± 13.94 years), who filled oral health questionnaires and completed at least three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary records. Data on type and frequency of alcoholic beverage consumption were obtained from a semi-quantitative self-reported alcohol frequency questionnaire; the daily quantity (g/day) was estimated from the 24-hour dietary records. The probability of severe periodontitis (main dependent variable) was assessed by calculating the modified periodontal screening score (mPESS) from selected questions. A total of 7263 individuals (20.5%) presented a high probability of suffering from severe periodontitis (high-mPESS). After adjusting for confounding factors, the frequency of alcoholic beverage consumption was significantly higher among high-mPESS group than their low-mPESS counterparts, especially for hard liquor/spirits (1.9 ± 1.4 days/week for high-PESS versus 1.6 ± 1.1 days/week the low-PESS [P<0.0001]). The mean daily quantity of ethanol was also higher in high-mPESS versus low-mPESS individuals (11.2 ± 15.6versus 7.9 ± 12.3g/day; P=0.011). A stronger association with self-report severe periodontitis was noted when alcohol consumption exceeding>20g/day for women and>30g/day for men was combined with smoking habit (OR=7.30 [95% CI: 6.1-8.73]). The present results support an association between alcoholic beverage consumption and self-report severe periodontitis, particularly when it is associated with current smoking.

Análisis espacio-temporal del incumplimiento de normas legales sobre el confinamiento en Colombia por COVID-19

The objective of this study was to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of seven behaviours contraryto coexistence (BCC) during the lockdown measures applied at a national level in Colombia for 47 days. For this, 363,439 administrative records collected by the National Police from March 16 to May 1, 2020 regarding BCCs were analysed, all including the following information: time, day, date, type of behaviour, age and state or department of the offender. The results showed: (a) temporal relationships between the number of daily or accumulated cases of COVID-19 and the rates of BCCs per 100,000 inhabitants, (b) concentration of BCCs between 8:00 am and 12: 00 pm or between 2:00 pm and 6 pm, (c) greater frequency of alcoholic beverage consumption on weekends, (d) in relation to age, the 18-24 age group had the highest number of corrective measures.

Pattern of Maxillofacial Trauma and Associated Factors in Traffic Accident Victims.

Maxillofacial trauma (MFT) due to road traffic accidents are responsible for part of care provided at trauma centers. This research aimed to analyze the pattern of MFTs and associated factors in victims of road traffic accidents. A total of 873 medical records of patients with MFTs in 2 reference hospitals for trauma in Northeastern Brazil during the period from January 2011 to December 2018 were analyzed. Data were included in the Tweedie multiple regression analysis to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR), with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) and P < 0.05. Motorcycle accidents were the most prevalent (76.4%). Higher hospital costs were the result of patients victims of motorcycle accidents (PR = 1.56; 95%CI = 1.29-1.88; P < 0.001), diagnosed with mandible fracture (PR = 1.41; 95%CI = 1.07-1.86; P = 0.001) who had consumed alcoholic beverages (PR = 1.12; 95%CI = 1.00-1.25; P = 0.04) and did not use personal protective equipment (PPE) (PR = 1.29; 95%CI = 1.10-1.50; P = 0.001). Patients victims of motorcycle accidents remained in hospital longer than other etiologies (PR = 1.47; 95%CI = 1.23-1.76; P < 0.001). The consumption of alcoholic beverages resulted in more severe MFTs (PR = 2.05; 95%CI = 1.34-3.14; P = 0.001). Victims of motorcycle accidents remained hospitalized longer and resulted in higher hospital costs compared to other etiologies. Alcohol consumption increases hospital costs and the severity of MFTs. Higher hospital costs were also observed in patients who did not use PPE. Strategies need to be adopted to understand associated factors in MFTs such as the reallocation of resources to fund, implement and improve services and the surveillance in roads and highways, as well as prevention programs aimed at this health problem.

Characteristics of patients with gastric cancer, treated at the National Cancer Institute-Bogotá

Abstract Background Gastric cancer has the highest mortality rates for both sexes in the country, is one of the five most prevalent in both Colombia and the world and in the country most cases are detected late. Methods Participants: Gastric cancer patients selected according to inclusion criteria; observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. Results 39 participants: 21 men (54%) and 18 women (46%); with a mean age at diagnosis (± standard deviation) of 56 ± 12 years; Primary studies (43%), low socioeconomic status: 74%; no access to sewage aqueduct in childhood (61.5%); cigarette consumption (41%), consumption of alcoholic beverages: 84.6%; Overweight: 49%. Helicobacter Pilory infection was only documented in 20 of the 39 patients (yes: 23%, no: 28%), in the remaining 19 patients no data were evidenced. 36% of patients were diagnosed in stage II; and 77% cases received a late diagnosis. These are preliminary results. Conclusions The results show that the majority of patients belong to a low social class and almost half have only primary studies - which has an impact on exposure to various risk factors, lack of knowledge about risk factors, or access to health services. Likewise, a late diagnosis or the detection of cancer in advanced stages (II; III; IV) represents a social, economic impact for both the patient, the family and society. A posteriori, the investigation will allow to recognize differences / association patterns in the different characteristics between the early and late stages in this group of patients, which will allow to generate recommendations for the early detection and prevention of gastric cancer in the country. Key messages It is necessary to establish prevention programs, timely detection and improve access to health services according to the social, economic contexts of the different regions of the country. A timely and early diagnosis can generate greater chances of recovery and survival not only in gastric cancer, but in other types of cancer.

THE SUBSTANCE OF THE PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES IN THE MANIFESTATION OF THE MAQASID AL-SHARI’A IN LAND OF PAPUA

This paper elaborated on the Substance of the Prohibition of Alcoholic Beverages in the Provincial Regulation of Papua Number 15 of 2013 concerning the Prohibition of the Production, Distribution, and Sales of Alcoholic Beverages in the Manifestation of Maqasid al-Shari’a in Papua. This type of research was qualitative empirical legal research with a normative theological approach, statute approach, and sociological approach. The results showed that the substance of the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the Provincial Regulation of Papua Number 15/2013 which totally prohibited the production, distribution, sales, and consumption of alcoholic beverages was legally contrary to Presidential Decree Number 74 of 2013. Based on the principle of “Lex Superiori Derogad Lege Inferiori”, the Provincial Regulation of Papua Number 15 of 2013 could be ruled out by the Presidential Decree Number 74 of 2013. Therefore, the Ministry of Home Affairs canceled the Provincial Regulation Number 15 of 2013 because it violated the principle of the hierarchy of laws and regulations. Based on the perspective of maqasid al-shari’a, the regulation of alcoholic beverages in the Provincial Regulation of Papua was a necessity of daruriyyat. Thus, everything to make it happen was also daruriyyat.

Profiling Individual Differences in Alcoholic Beverage Preference and Consumption: New Insights from a Large-Scale Study.

Alcoholic beverage consumption plays an important role in European culture, and in many contexts drinking alcohol is socially acceptable and considered part of the diet. Understanding the determinants of alcohol preference and consumption is important not only for disease prevention, intervention, and policy management, but also for market segmentation, product development, and optimization. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of individual responsiveness to various oral sensations on self-reported liking and intake of 14 alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages (including beers, wines, spirits, and cocktails) considering gender, age, and oral responsiveness (measured through response to 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil -PROP, basic tastes, astringency, and pungency) in a large sample of Italian consumers. Data were collected from 2388 respondents (age range 18–60 years; mean age = 37.6, SD = 13.1; 58.2% women). These results indicate that notwithstanding the strong gender difference, with women generally liking and consuming fewer alcoholic beverages than men, liking patterns in the two genders were similar. Three liking patterns for different alcoholic beverages largely driven by orosensory properties were identified in both genders. “Spirit-lovers” constituted the smallest group (12%), consumed alcoholic beverages of any kind (not only spirits) more than the other segments, and were mainly men aged 30–45. “Beer/wine lovers” (44%) were the oldest group with no difference by gender. “Mild-drink lovers” (44%) liked alcoholic drinks with intense sweet taste and/or mixers that moderate ethanol perception. They were mainly women, aged 18–29, had a lower consumption of alcohol, and a higher orosensory responsiveness than the other two groups. The results also suggest the opportunity to develop personalized recommendations towards specific consumer segments based not only on socio-demographics but considering also perceptive variables. Finally, our data suggest that increased burning and bitterness from alcohol may act as a sensory hindrance to alcoholic beverage overconsumption.

Avaliação nutricional de policiais militares de uma companhia em Sobral, Ceará, Brasil

Introdução: Os policiais militares são responsáveis por garantir a ordem pública. Entretanto, o seu trabalho possibilita a exposição a ambientes perigosos, com violência e locais insalubres. Assim, há um efeito negativo à saúde destes profissionais. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado e os riscos nutricionais em policiais militares. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, com 75 policiais militares. Foram coletados dados antropométricos (peso, altura, índice de Quételet e circunferência abdominal), dietéticos (recordatório de 24 horas, energia e macronutrientes), pressão arterial, nível de escolaridade, estado civil, remuneração, carga horária de trabalho, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e tabaco, e atividade física. A adequação nutricional foi classificada conforme recomendações da Dieterary Reference Intakes. Resultados: Houve excesso de peso em 75% dos participantes; 62,7% com circunferência abdominal elevada; 66,7% em uso de bebida alcoólica; 65,7% praticavam atividade física regular; e consumo energético médio de 1715,2 Kcal/dia. Cerca de 64% fazia uso salada e 48% consumiam frutas diariamente.FConclusão: Os dados encontrados mostram que há um alto índice de sobrepeso e obesidade nos policiais militares, com risco de desenvolverem doenças metabólicas e respiratórias.