Consumption Of Alcoholic Beverages Research Articles

Evidence Map of Interventions to Reduce Alcohol ConsumptionMapa de la evidencia sobre intervenciones para reducir el consumo de alcohol

Systematize evidence on the effect of global interventions to reduce the consumption and/or sale of alcoholic beverages. Evidence map based on searches in nine bibliographic databases, including 182 studies of systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis, reviews of interventions, and reviews of reviews. The studies evaluated the effect of interventions grouped into comprehensive sets of actions: communication for behavior change; health-promoting environments; and systemic changes. Two outcomes of interest were considered: reduction in alcohol consumption and reduction in its purchase/sale. A total of 207 associations between different interventions and outcomes were recorded, with emphasis on communication for behavior change (81.64%) and reduction of consumption (98.55%). Most of the associations showed a positive (40.58%), inconclusive (28.99%), or potentially positive (26.57%) effect. The main interventions with positive or potentially positive results were: a government monopoly on the sale of alcoholic beverages, control of the density of points of sale, charging a minimum price per unit, health warnings on alcoholic beverage labels, and multiple integrated interventions. It is hoped that this map will help public policy makers and healthcare professionals adapt experiences to their own contexts, stimulating intersectoral actions to reduce alcohol consumption.

Differences in Associations of Three Types of Alcoholic Beverages with Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Men.

To investigate the influence of wine, beer, and spirits consumption, respectively, on non-pathological, age-related cognitive decline from young adulthood to late midlife in a large follow-up study of Danish men. The study includes 2456 middle-aged Danish men from the Lifestyle and Cognition Follow-up study 2015, with information on adult-life consumption (from age 26) of wine, beer, and spirits self-reported in late midlife and age-related cognitive decline assessed using the same validated intelligence test administered in young adulthood and late midlife. Associations were adjusted for consumption of other alcoholic beverages, year of birth, age at follow-up, retest interval, education, young adulthood intelligence, and personality. Most of the men had wine (48%) or beer (42%) as their preferred beverage type. For all three alcoholic beverages, consumption of more than 14 units weekly was associated with a greater decline in unadjusted analyses, but this trend was only significant for wine. In contrast, adjusted models showed that moderate wine and spirits consumption was associated with less decline than abstention for these alcohol types (p = 0.03 for 8-14 units/week of wine and p = 0.03 for 1-7 units/week of spirits). Statistical tests suggested a difference between the estimated effects of consumption of 8-14 units/week of wine and beer on cognitive decline. While patterns of associations were similar across beverages, moderate wine and spirits consumption may mitigate cognitive decline, in contrast with beer. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to inherent differences between men with different alcoholic beverage preferences.

Degree of food processing and breast cancer risk: a prospective study in 9 European countries.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43014-024-00264-2.

8481 A 32 Year Old Male With Recurrent Acute Pancreatits and Severe Hypertriglyceridemia: Importance of Considering Genetic Variants

Abstract Disclosure: M.F. Salazar Zelaya: None. J.D. Sibaja Jiménez: None. Background : Hypertriglyceridemia is a common medical scenario in daily practice, causing a variety of symptoms including recurrent episodes of acute pancreatits, which can be severe. Multiple genetic variants can lead to different spectrums of the disease. CLINICAL CASE: A 32 year old male police officer presented to our Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic with a history of long standing hypertriglyceridemia and six previous episodes of acute pancreatits, two in the last twelve months. Familiy history was negative for lipid disorders. The patient had adecuate adherence to diet and exercise as well to prescribed medications, which included Fenofibrate 250 mgs/day and Rosuvastatin 40 mgs/day. The patient denied consumption of alcoholic beverages. Recent abdominal ultrasound was reported without abnormalities. His lipid panel reported elevated triglycerides at 5831 mg/dl (n<150 mg/dl), Total Cholesterol normal at 147 (n<200 mg/dl), low HDL levels at 12 mg/dl (range 12-92 mg/dl) and direct LDL Cholesterol at 120 mg/dl. His TSH value was normal at 1.02 uUI/mL (range 0.55-4.78 uUI/mL). Creatinine level was normal at 0.81 mg/dl (range 0.7-1.3 mg/dl). Liver function tests were normal with AST level at 25 IU/L (range 13-39 IU/L) ALT levels at 22 IU/L (range 7-52 IU/L) and alcaline phosphatase at 62 IU/L (range 34-104 IU/L).His fasting glucose level were normal at 82 mg/dl (n<100 mg/dl). Due to a high Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome clinical score (13 points) we proceeded with genetic analysis of this patient. Next Generation Sequencing for genes related with chylomicronemia (APOA5, APOC2, GPIHBP1,LMFI, LPL) was performed to determine gene sequence plus copy number variation.Two heterocigote variants were reported, both in the LPL gene. The first one: LPL (NM 000237.3) c.644>A;p.Gly215Glu heterozygous is a missense variant already reported in the literature, registered in ClinVar (ID 1522) and the Leiden Open Variation Database. This variant is classified as pathogenic according to criteria PS3, PM1, PP3, PP5 of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. The second one: LPL (nm 000237.3): c.383C>A;p.Thr128Asn;heterozygous is also a missense variant which to the extent of our knowledge has previously been reported only once in the literature: ClinVar (ID 1520537). This variant is classified currently as of unknown clinical significance according to PM2 criteria. There is however and entry reported (PMID: 8778602) of another variant affecting the same codon (p.Thr128AIa) that is associated to chylomicronemia syndrome. Conclusion: In cases of severe hypertriglyceridemia, suspicion and determination of gene variants are of great importance nowadays as they could eventually guide treatment, given the availability in some countries (and currently pending FDA approval) of new pharmacological therapies such as apo C-III inhibitors. Presentation: 6/2/2024

The effectiveness of reduction in alcohol consumption achieved by the provision of non-alcoholic beverages associates with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is commonly used in clinical settings to assess the severity of alcohol-related problems, with the effectiveness of alcohol reduction interventions varying across this spectrum. In a recent study, we demonstrated that a 12-week intervention involving the provision of free non-alcoholic beverages reduced alcohol consumption among heavy drinkers for up to 8 weeks post-intervention. However, it remains unclear whether this effect was consistent across different AUDIT score ranges. Therefore, this secondary analysis aimed to examine whether the severity of alcohol-related problems, as indicated by AUDIT scores, influences the effectiveness of non-alcoholic beverage provision in reducing alcohol consumption.MethodsThis was a single-center, open-label, randomized, parallel-group study. Participants were Japanese individuals who frequently consumed large quantities of alcohol (at least 40 g/day for men and 20 g/day for women) but were not diagnosed with alcohol dependence. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group. The intervention group received free non-alcoholic beverages once every 4 weeks over a 12-week period (24 bottles of 350 mL per case, up to three cases per session, for a total of three sessions). Alcohol and non-alcoholic beverage consumption over the previous 4 weeks was tracked using a drinking diary. For this secondary analysis, participants were categorized into four groups based on their AUDIT scores (group 1: ≤ 7 points, group 2: 8–11 points, group 3: 12–14 points, and group 4: ≥ 15 points), and changes in alcohol consumption were compared across these groups in both the intervention and control participants.ResultsThe provision of non-alcoholic beverages significantly increased non-alcoholic beverage consumption in all groups. However, alcohol consumption was significantly reduced in the intervention groups compared to controls only in groups 1–3. The reduction in alcohol consumption was less pronounced in groups 3 and 4 compared to group 1 (both, p < 0.05). Importantly, the provision of non-alcoholic beverages did not lead to an increase in alcohol consumption, even among individuals with higher AUDIT scores.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that individuals with higher AUDIT scores may experience a reduced benefit from a 12-week non-alcoholic beverage intervention in terms of alcohol consumption reduction. Nevertheless, this intervention appears to be a safe and effective strategy for reducing alcohol consumption in heavy drinkers who do not have alcohol dependence.Trial registrationUMIN UMIN000047949. Registered 4 June 2022.

&lt;b&gt;WEWENANG PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENERTIBAN PEREDARAN MINUMAN KERAS DI KOTA CILEGON&lt;/b&gt;

The Cilegon City Government has prohibited the sale of alcoholic drinks with an alcohol content above 10%. The impacts of selling alcoholic beverages include social inequality, increased alcohol-related crime, and risks to future generations. The problem formulation in this research focuses on local government policies regarding the challenges faced by officers in controlling alcohol distribution, and how the government overcomes these challenges. The research method uses normative legal methods, descriptive analysis, and data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation studies, with primary and secondary data. Conclusions are drawn deductively. The results of the research and discussion show that based on Article 18 which states "The Mayor has the right to regulate alcoholic beverages", the Cilegon City government is committed to eradicating the distribution of alcoholic beverages by issuing Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2001 concerning Liquor Violations. This regulation is a guide in controlling producers and consumers of alcoholic beverages. In conclusion, the main challenges in controlling alcohol distribution are financial constraints and limited human resources, especially law enforcement officers. Apart from that, the lack of severe sanctions in these regulations is not effective enough to provide a deterrent effect for violators

Annual and Seasonal Patterns of Dietary Intake in Australian Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Poor diet is a major risk factor for non-communicable disease. The aims of this study were to describe temporal patterns and seasonal changes in diet across the year in Australian adults. A total of 375 adults from a prospective cohort study conducted between 1 December 2019 and 31 December 2021 in Adelaide, Australia, were asked to complete the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies at eight timepoints over a year. Average intakes over the previous month of total energy, macronutrients, healthy food groups, and discretionary foods and beverages were derived. Temporal patterns in diet were analysed descriptively. Multilevel linear regression modelling was used to assess seasonal differences in diet. Of the 375 participants recruited, 358 provided sufficient data for analysis. Intake of total energy, all macronutrients, and most discretionary foods and beverages peaked in December. Total energy intake was higher in summer than in autumn, winter, and spring. Fruit intake was higher in summer than in winter. Consumption of alcoholic beverages was higher in summer than in autumn, winter, and spring. Consumption of non-alcoholic beverages was higher in summer than in autumn and winter. This study identified temporal differences in dietary intake among Australian adults. Seasonal effects appear to be driven largely by increases in consumption of foods and beverages over the December (summer) holiday period. These findings can inform the design and timing of dietary interventions.

Prevalence of alcoholic beverage consumption among a population with a history of methanol poisoning in the southeast of Iran

ABSTRACT Background The use of alcoholic substances in adults is often associated with a wide variety of negative consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of alcoholic beverage consumption in a population with a history of methanol poisoning in the southeast of Iran. Methods A total of 876 individuals were interviewed using a cross-sectional survey between 2020 and 2021. We used two methods of asking direct questions (ADQ) and network scale-up (NSU) for estimating the prevalence of alcoholic beverage consumption. Results The mean age of the participants was 41.07 ± 14.52; 46% were female. Based on the method of ADQ, the prevalence of alcoholic beverage consumption was 22.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.45–25.95%) and 4.4% (95% CI: 2.24–6.16%) among men and women, respectively. While these values for the NSU method were 26.53% (95% CI: 19.93–35.88%) and 8.31% (95% CI: 6.32–10.58%) among men and women, respectively. Conclusions Our results show that asking direct questions about illegal behavior can provide a lower estimate than indirect questioning approaches. Due to the high prevalence of alcoholic beverage consumption in men, this issue may increase the risk of unintentional poisoning by methanol in this area.

Embryonic alcohol exposure alters cholinergic neurotransmission and memory in adult zebrafish

Alcohol is the most consumed addictive substance worldwide that elicits multiple health problems. Consumption of alcoholic beverages by pregnant women is of great concern because pre-natal exposure can trigger fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). This disorder can significantly change the embryo's normal development, mainly by affecting the central nervous system (CNS), leading to neurobehavioral consequences that persist until adulthood. Among the harmful effects of FASD, the most reported consequences are cognitive and behavioral impairments. Alcohol interferes with multiple pathways in the brain, affecting memory by impairing neurotransmitter systems, increasing the rate of oxidative stress, or even activating neuroinflammation. Here, we aimed to evaluate the deleterious effects of alcohol on the cholinergic signaling and memory in a FASD zebrafish model, using inhibitory avoidance and novel object recognition tests. Four months after the embryonic exposure to ethanol, the behavioral tests indicated that ethanol impairs memory. While both ethanol concentrations tested (0.5 % and 1 %) disrupted memory acquisition in the inhibitory avoidance test, 1 % ethanol impaired memory in the object recognition test. Regarding the cholinergic system, 0.5 % ethanol decreased ChAT and AChE activities, but the relative gene expression did not change. Overall, we demonstrated that FASD model in zebrafish impairs memory in adult individuals, corroborating the memory impairment associated with embryonic exposure to ethanol. In addition, the cholinergic system was also affected, possibly showing a relation with the cognitive impairment observed.

Consumption of Total and Specific Alcoholic Beverages and Long-Term Risk of Gout Among Men and Women

Previous studies on alcohol consumption and incident gout have mostly included men or combined both sexes, and the sex-specific associations between alcohol consumption and gout are poorly understood. To evaluate the consumption of total and specific alcoholic beverages in association with incident gout in men and women. This prospective cohort study included 401 128 participants in the UK Biobank aged 37 to 73 years who were free of gout at baseline (2006-2010). Participants were followed up through December 31, 2021, and data were analyzed between August 2023 and June 2024. Questionnaire-based consumption of total alcohol and specific alcoholic beverages. The outcome was incident gout, identified using hospital records. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of incident gout associated with alcohol consumption, with a particular consideration of reverse causation bias. The main analysis included 179 828 men (mean [SD] age, 56.0 [8.2] years) and 221 300 women (mean [SD] age, 56.0 [8.0] years). Current drinkers showed a higher risk of gout than never drinkers among men (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.30-2.18) but not among women (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67-1.03). Among current drinkers, higher total alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of gout among both sexes and more strongly among men than women (men: HR, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.84-2.30]; women: HR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.12-1.61]). The most evident sex difference in the consumption of specific alcoholic beverages was observed for beer or cider (men: mean [SD], 4.2 [4.8] pints per week; women: mean [SD], 0.4 [1.1] pints per week). Consumption of champagne or white wine, beer or cider, and spirits each was associated with a higher risk of gout among both sexes, with beer or cider showing the strongest association per 1 pint per day (men: HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.53-1.67]; women: HR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.02-2.57]). Some inverse associations between light to moderate consumption of specific alcoholic beverages and gout were eliminated after adjusting for other alcoholic beverages and excluding individuals who had reduced alcohol consumption for health reasons, self-reported poor health, or had cardiovascular disease, cancer, or kidney failure at baseline, or developed gout within the first 2 years of follow-up. In this cohort study, higher consumption of several specific alcoholic beverages was associated with a higher risk of gout among both sexes. The sex-specific associations for total alcohol consumption may be associated with differences between men and women in the types of alcohol consumed.

Consumption of alcohol-free and alcoholic beverages among Dutch university students: Substitution or addition?

Alcohol-free drinks are suggested as healthy alternatives for alcohol consumption. To achieve benefits, alcohol-free beverages must be consumed as a substitute for alcoholic beverages, not in addition. This study examined in a student sample (i) the frequency/quantity of alcohol(-free) consumption; (ii) the relationship between alcohol-free and alcohol consumption; (iii) alcohol-free drinks as substitution or in addition to alcoholic drinks; and (iv) possible gender differences. Survey data regarding alcohol(-free) consumption (May-June 2022) of Dutch university students (N = 4.318, females 70.2%; males 28.5%, average age 22.6 years [SD = 2.4]). (i) A total of 42.8% of the students indicated they had never consumed alcohol-free versus 10.1% who never consumed alcoholic beverages; (ii) the group who recently consumed alcohol-free also most often recently consumed alcoholic beverages (42.7%). The group that had never consumed alcohol-free drank on average more alcoholic beverages (M = 3.98 on a drinking day) compared to past and recent alcohol-free drinkers (respectively, M = 3.44 and M = 3.59). (iii) Most students (54.9%) reported drinking alcohol-free beverages in addition to alcohol, 17.4% indicated using it as a substitution. Students who consumed alcohol-free as 'substitution' were older, more often living alone or with a partner, less often living with parents and more often involved in a steady relationship compared to students who consumed in 'addition'. (iv) No prominent gender differences were found. The majority of students remained consuming the same number of alcoholic beverages since they started consuming alcohol-free beverages, pointing to an addition effect. A small group did use alcohol-free beverages as a substitute for their alcohol consumption.

Effect of Sorghum and Maize Malt Particle Size on Physicochemical, Stability, Microbiological, and Sensory Characteristics of Umqombothi

The consumption of Umqombothi alcoholic beverages in South Africa is widespread in townships and rural areas. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sorghum and maize malt particle size on the physicochemical, microbiological, stability, and sensory characteristics of Umqombothi. Three different particle sizes were compared, namely control, coarse, and fine powder particle sizes. Subsamples were taken at the following stages, during the production of Umqombothi: first, second, third, fourth, and fifth. Lactic acid bacteria were significantly dominant, with 8.16, 7.11, and 5.91 log cfu/mL in the final product for the control, coarse, and fine powder particle sizes. The yeast counts were 3.3, 4.64, and 5.63 log cfu/mL for the control, coarse, and fine powder particle sizes. Molds were significantly reduced to non-detectable levels after the second fermentation and the total coliforms in the final product were reduced for all particle sizes. The total soluble solids significantly decreased in the second fermentation samples. The coarse particle size exhibited significantly higher alcohol and significantly lower pH levels, which are encouraging signs for improved quality and shelf life. Different particle sizes of sorghum and maize malt affect the quality of the finished product and the production method of umqombothi.

The role of alcohol control policies in the reversal of alcohol consumption levels and resulting attributable harms in China

Yearly adult per capita consumption of alcohol in China between 2016 and 2019 decreased by 2.4 L of pure alcohol, or 33%. According to the World Health Organization, this decrease in consumption was accompanied by reductions in alcohol-attributable mortality of 23% between 2015 and 2019. This paper examines the contribution of alcohol control policies in China to these public health gains. A systematic search of the literature was conducted on alcohol control policies and their effectiveness in China as part of a larger search of all countries in WHO Western Pacific Region. In addition to articles on empirical evidence on the impact of such alcohol control policies, we also searched for reviews. The plausibility of changes of traditional alcohol control policies (taxation increases, availability restrictions, restriction on advertisement and marketing, drink-driving laws, screening and brief interventions) in explaining reductions of consumption levels and attributable mortality rates was explored. There was some progress in the successful implementation of strict drink-driving policies, which could explain reductions in traffic injuries, including fatalities. Other traditional alcohol control policies seem to have played a minimal role in reducing alcohol consumption and attributable harms during the time period 2016–2019. However, an anti-corruption campaign was extensive enough to have substantially contributed to these reductions. The campaign prohibited the consumption of alcoholic beverages in everyday life of government officials and thus contributed to a de-normalization of alcohol. While this anti-corruption campaign was the only policy to potentially explain marked decreases in levels of alcohol consumption and attributable mortality, more detailed research is required to determine exactly how the campaign achieved these decreases.

Non-linear association of atherogenic index of plasma with bone mineral density a cross-sectional study

IntroductionAlthough there has been abundant evidence of the association between dyslipidemia as a single factor and osteoporosis, the non-linear relationship between osteoporosis and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the complex relationship between AIP and bone mineral density (BMD) to elucidate their interrelationship.MethodsAn analysis of 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) data was conducted for this study. The study enrolled 5,019 participants. Logarithmically multiplying triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol yields the AIP (base 10). The measured variables consisted of BMD in the total femur (TF), femoral neck (FN), and lumbar spine (LS). The association between AIP and BMD was examined using a range of statistical models, such as weighted multivariable logistic regression, generalized additive model, etc.ResultsIt was found that AIP was positively associated with BMD after adjusting for age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, degree of education, income, Consuming alcoholic beverages, osteoporosis status (Yes or No), ALT, AST, serum creatinine, and total calcium levels. Further studies supported the association link between elevated BMD and AIP. Furthermore, compared to men, females had a higher positive connection between AIP and BMD. In general, there was a curve in the reverse L-shape seen, with a point of change around 0.877, indicating a relationship between AIP and TF BMD. Moreover, a curve exhibiting an L-formed pattern, with a point of inflection at around 0.702, was seen between AIP and FN BMD. In addition, a J-shaped curve was seen, with a point of inflection at 0.092, which demonstrates the association between AIP and LS BMD.ConclusionThe AIP and TF BMD curves resemble inverted L shapes, as do the AIP and FN BMD curves. The relationship between AIP and LS BMD was further demonstrated by a J-shaped curve. The results indicate a possible association between AIP and bone mineral density, which should be explored in more detail.

Explaining factors contributing to alcohol consumption among elderly men: a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Background With an increase in the elderly population, there is a greater need to pay attention to the problems of this group. This study aims to determine the influencing factors on alcohol consumption in elderly men. Methods In this qualitative design, data were collected on 31 men older than 65 years and with at least mild dependence on alcohol using semi-structured interviews. The participants in the study were chosen using purposive and snowball sampling methods. The content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. Results The data analysis revealed two main categories: (1) trigger events with two sub-categories of internal (beliefs about achieving goals, alcohol use experience in youth, desire to drink alcohol, low self-esteem) and external factors (peer connectedness, availability of alcohol, family member’s alcohol consumption, allowed to consume at home, having a reasonable price, participating in events) and (2) reinforcing events with two sub-categories of physical (having physical pain, sleep problem, increase the effect of drugs, fatigue) and psychological factors (enhancing mood, coping with stress, feeling alone, depression, anxiety, sense of emptiness, recent bereavements). Conclusions It is possible to prevent excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and related complications by identifying the factors that initiate and enhance alcohol consumption in old age.

Dose-Response Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Gout Risk: Do Subtypes of Alcoholic Beverages Make a Difference?

Although previous studies have explored the association of drinking with gout risk, we sought to explore the dose-response relationship and the evidence between subtypes of alcoholic beverages and gout risk. The weekly alcoholic beverage consumption of patients in the UK Biobank was collected and calculated. The Cox regression model was applied to assess the effects of drinking alcohol in general and its subtypes on gout risk by calculating the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CIs. Additionally, the restricted cubic splines were used to estimate the dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and gout risk. To evaluate the robustness, we performed subgroup analysis across various demographic characteristics. During a mean follow-up period of 11.7 years, a total of 5728 new incident gout cases were diagnosed among 331,865 participants. We found that light alcohol consumption was linked to a slight decrease in gout incidence among female individuals (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65-0.94, P = 0.01), whereas there was no significant association in male individuals. Moreover, the dose-response relationship showed that drinking light red wine and fortified wine could reduce the gout risk, whereas beer or cider, champagne or white wine, and spirits increased the gout risk at any dose. Our study suggested a J-shaped dose-response relationship between drinking and gout risk in female individuals, but not in male individuals. For specific alcoholic beverages, light consumption of red wine and fortified wine was associated with reduced gout risk. These findings offer new insights into the roles of alcoholic beverages in gout incidence risk, although further validation is warranted.

Afectación del Consumo de Alcohol en el Rendimiento Académico de Estudiantes de Economía en una Institución de Estudios Superiores

OBJECTIVE: Determine the impact of alcohol consumption on the academic performance of Economics students. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The research design is descriptive and cross-sectional. The population under study comprises a sample of 50 students enrolled in the bachelor’s degree in economics of the Academic Division of Economic-Administrative Sciences. Likewise, for the collection of information, a questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: The consumption of alcoholic beverages did not represent a problem for the Economics students, nor for their academic performance, since the level of consumption was low and the high consumption is during vacation periods, not presenting a risk for them. Furthermore, they know the consequences and risks of consuming alcohol and most of them have considered quitting. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of alcoholic beverages by Economics students is low, they even responded to consume only during vacation periods. Furthermore, they attend their classes, complete their homework, and there is no risk in their relationship with teachers or classmates, that is, as long as they control their consumption levels, there is no impact on their academic performance.

Development of an IoT-Based Alcohol Detector Using Blynk and NodeMCU

Although the consumption of alcoholic beverages has been a part of human society for a very long time, it is also a big contributor to accidents and health problems. Driving under the influence of alcohol is a leading contributor to death and injury on the roads across the globe. Individuals continue to operate motor vehicles while under the influence of alcohol, despite the existence of stringent regulations and awareness efforts, which poses a risk to both themselves and others who are on the road. With the intention of preventing drunk driving and promoting road safety, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based alcohol detector has been developed utilising Blynk and NodeMCU. This detector was developed to address this issue. The amount of alcohol that is present in a person's blood, urine, or breath can be determined with the help of a device known as an alcohol detector. Using a gas sensor, the device is able to determine the amount of alcohol that is present in the breath of the user. A connection has been made between the sensor and the NodeMCU, which is tied to the Blynk application. The NodeMCU receives the information that is gathered by the gas sensor that is incorporated within the device. This sensor monitors the amount of alcohol that is breathed by the user. Through the use of a smartphone application, Blynk is an Internet of Things platform that gives consumers the ability to control and monitor connected devices. This alcohol detector that is based on the Internet of Things is extremely portable, which is one of its most significant features. A cost-effective solution has been developed through the utilisation of open-source technologies such as Blynk and NodeMCU. This has enabled the device to maintain its accuracy and quality without compromising its functionality.

Consumption of Korean rice wine alters certain human gut microbial genera in different ways from consumption of other alcoholic beverages: A randomized, cross-over trial

This study investigated the impact of Korean rice wine (makgeolli) consumption on human gut microbiota and compared it with that of other alcoholic beverages, including soju (Korean spirit), beer, and red wine. A randomized, cross-over trial design was employed, and fecal samples were collected from 18 healthy adults before and after the consumption of rice wine or control liquor. Microbiota of each fecal sample was analyzed targeting V3–V4 region, utilizing MiSeq system and QIIME2 analysis. Significant alterations in the relative abundance of the Actinobacteria and certain genera were observed after rice wine intervention. Additionally, rice wine consumption induced distinct alterations in the gut microbiota compared with other liquor consumptions. The relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria in the gut microbiota varied among the participants, with an elevated detection frequency of Enterococcus and Lactobacillus genera observed following rice wine consumption. In summary, this study provides the first comprehensive insight into the unique effect of rice wine consumption on the human gut microbiota, distinguishing it from other liquors.

Binge drinking associated with mean temperature: a cross-sectional study among Mexican adults living in cities

BackgroundThe association between environmental temperature and alcohol consumption has not been widely explored despite the potential that increasing temperatures could promote the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the alcohol-related burden of disease. We aimed to explore the association between temperature and binge drinking in Mexican adults from urban cities, overall, and by alcoholic beverage type.MethodsData on 10,552 adults ≥ 18 years was obtained from the 2016 National Survey on Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Consumption. The mean annual temperature at the municipality was obtained from the Mexican National Weather Service using monthly temperatures from 2015 to 2016. We analyzed binge drinking for all alcoholic beverages in the last year and by type of alcohol as beer, liquor, wine, and coolers. Associations between mean temperature over the past year and binge drinking over the past year among current drinkers were estimated using multilevel Poisson models with robust standard errors adjusted for age, sex, education level, marital status, and household socioeconomic status, with a fixed effect by region.ResultsWe observed a non-significant increase in the prevalence of binge drinking for every difference of 1 °C between municipalities of the same region. By alcohol type, a 1 °C increase in mean annual temperature across municipalities of the same region increased the prevalence of beer binge drinking in the past year by 0.9% (PR = 1.009, 95%CI 1.005, 1.013) among beer consumers and the prevalence of coolers’ binge drinking by 3.0% (PR = 1.030, 95%CI 1.003, 1.057) in coolers consumers. We observed non-significant results for liquor binge drinking (PR = 1.047, 95%CI 0.994, 1.102) and wine binge drinking (PR = 1.047, 95% 0.944, 1.161).ConclusionPeople living in municipalities with higher temperatures reported a higher beer binge drinking in Mexican cities. This could account for 196,000 cases of beer binge drinking in 2016. The context of each country needs to be considered when generalizing these findings, and they need to be further explored with longitudinal data as there might be implications for climate change. If our findings are confirmed given the forecasted rising temperatures, we could expect an increase in binge drinking and therefore, in the alcohol burden of disease.