Objective This study was designed to measure the distribution of fasting serum concentrations of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9(PCSK9)in type 2 diabetic patients, and to analyze the glucose and lipid metabolic factors. Methods Fasting blood samples were obtained from 514 type 2 diabetic patients who enrolled in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Jiangsu Province Hospital between January 2011 to November 2011. After history-taking, physical and biochemical examinations, serum PCSK9 was measured by a sensitive and specific sandwich ELISA method. Results The distribution of PCSK9 value was skewed in this population with an average of(83.501±42.604)ng/ml(15.851-250.862 ng/ml), and with the median of 78.237 ng/ml. There was no significant difference between the genders in the levels of serum PCSK9. Serum PCSK9 levels was positively correlated with multiple common risk factors of atherosclerosis including age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), triglycerides, atherogenic index of plasma(AIP), and fasting blood glucose in this population(P<0.05). The result of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that serum PCSK9 levels was more closely related with age, total cholesterol, AIP, LDL-C, and triglycerides. Conclusion The distribution of PCSK9 value was skewed in type 2 diabetes. PCSK9 levels is closely associated with a variety of atherosclerosis related-index.(Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2015, 31: 1022-1026) Key words: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9; Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol