Albus Cv Research Articles

Agronomic, Nutritional Traits, and Alkaloids of Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus luteus Genotypes: Effect of Sowing Dates and Locations.

Lupins (Lupinus spp.) are legumes with high relevance for the sustainability of agricultural systems as they improve the soil quality, namely, through the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, and have good adaptability to different climates and soil conditions. Besides, they possess high nutritive value, especially due to the high protein content of the seeds. Nevertheless, the plants' productivity and metabolism can be influenced by the genotype, the edaphoclimatic conditions, and the sowing practices. In this work, the effect of edaphoclimatic conditions and sowing dates on the productivity, nutritional factors, and alkaloids of the seeds of L. albus cv. Estoril, L. angustifolius cv. Tango, and L. luteus cv. Cardiga was evaluated. High variability in the seeds and protein productions, nutritional traits, and alkaloid content related to the species was observed, along with a significant effect of the location. Lupinus albus cv. Estoril showed a good compromise between productivity and low alkaloid content, being an interesting genotype for food and feed use in the conditions of this trial.

Environmental conditions affect the nutritive value and alkaloid profiles of Lupinus forage: Opportunities and threats for sustainable ruminant systems

The identification of crops that simultaneously contribute to the global protein supply and mitigate the effects of climate change is an urgent matter. Lupins are well adapted to nutrient-poor or contaminated soils, tolerate various abiotic stresses, and present relevant traits for acting as ecosystem engineers. Lupins are best studied for their seeds, but their full foraging potential needs further evaluation. This study evaluated the effects of location and sowing date on forage production, proximate composition, and the detailed mineral and alkaloid profiles of three species of Lupinus (L. albus cv. Estoril, L. angustifolius cv. Tango, and L. luteus cv. Cardiga). Sowing date and location and their interaction with the plant species significantly affected the vast majority of measured parameters, emphasizing the effects of climate and soil conditions on these crops. The relatively high crude protein and in vitro digestibility support the potential of the lupin species studied as sustainable forage protein sources in diets for ruminant animals. The content of individual essential macro and trace elements was below the maximum tolerable levels for cattle and sheep. Lupanine, smipine, and sparteine were the most abundant quinolizidine alkaloids in L. albus cv. Estoril, lupanine, and sparteine in L. angustifolius cv. Tango, and lupinine, gramine, ammodendrine, and sparteine in L. luteus cv. Cardiga. Based on the maximum tolerable levels of total quinolizidine alkaloid intake, the dietary inclusion of forages of L. albus cv. Estoril and L. angustifolius cv. Tango does not pose a risk to the animals, but the high alkaloid content of L. luteus cv. Cardiga may compromise its utilization at high levels in the diet. Overall, the results reveal a high potential for lupins as protein forage sources well adapted to temperate regions and soils with lower fertility, with a relevant impact on livestock sustainability in a climate change era.

Structural and Thermal Characterization of Protein Isolates from Australian Lupin Varieties as Affected by Processing Conditions.

Proteins from the full and defatted flours of L. angustifolius cv Jurien and L. albus cv Murringo were prepared using alkaline extraction and iso-electric precipitation. Isolates were either freeze dried or spray dried or pasteurized at 75 ± 3 °C/5 min before freeze-drying. Various structural properties were investigated to elucidate the varietal and processing-induced effect on molecular and secondary structure. Irrespective of processing, isolated proteins had a similar molecular size, with α-conglutin (412 kDa) and β-conglutin (210 kDa) being principal fractions for the albus and angustifolius variety, respectively. Smaller peptide fragments were observed for the pasteurized and spray dried samples, indicating some degree of processing-induced changes. Furthermore, secondary structure characterization by Fourier-transform-infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopy showed β-sheet and α-helical structure being the dominant structure, respectively. Thermal characterization showed two denaturation peaks corresponding to β-conglutin (Td = 85-89 °C) and α-conglutin (Td = 102-105 °C) fractions. However, the enthalpy values for α-conglutin denaturation were significantly higher for albus species, which corroborates well with higher amounts of heat stable α-conglutin present. Amino acid profile was similar for all samples with limiting sulphur amino acid. In summary, commercial processing conditions did not have a profound effect on the various structural properties of lupin protein isolates, and properties were mainly determined by varietal differences.

Development and evaluation of potential functional food biscuits made from White Lupin

Abstract Potential functional food bakery products were developed and characterized based on White Lupin (Lupinus albus cv. Nelly) flour. Analytical properties of the seeds resemble to previously described Lupinus species, with significantly high protein content (45%). The high protein and dietetic fiber content of the seeds makes Lupin flour suitable to develop potential functional food products with high nutritional values. Results of the development of sweet biscuits and salty crackers enriched with Lupin flour are presented. Sensory evaluation of the bakery products was carried out by 15 panelists using the nine points hedonic scale. Heat stability of White Lupin proteins were investigated by gel-electrophoretic analysis, White Lupin proteins are quite stable at 140°C, after 35 min heating the biscuits still contain 69% of the original amount of proteins. Baking conditions were optimized also based on gel-electrophoretic experiments, the optimal baking time was 30 min at 140°C. Gluten-free Lupin-based biscuits and crackers were produced by completely omitting wheat flour from the recipes.

Nodulated White Lupin Plants Growing in Contaminated Soils Accumulate Unusually High Mercury Concentrations in Their Nodules, Roots and Especially Cluster Roots

Two white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) cultivars were tested for their capacity to accumulate mercury when grown in Hg-contaminated soils. Plants inoculated with a Bradyrhizobium canariense Hg-tolerant strain or non-inoculated were grown in two highly Hg-contaminated soils. All plants were nodulated and presented a large number of cluster roots. They accumulated up to 600 μg Hg g−1 DW in nodules, 1400 μg Hg g−1 DW in roots and 2550 μg Hg g−1 DW in cluster roots. Soil, and not cultivar or inoculation, was accountable for statistically significant differences. No Hg translocation to leaves or seeds took place. Inoculated L. albus cv. G1 plants were grown hydroponically under cluster root-promoting conditions in the presence of Hg. They accumulated about 500 μg Hg g−1 DW in nodules and roots and up to 1300 μg Hg g−1 DW in cluster roots. No translocation to the aerial parts occurred. Bioaccumulation factors were also extremely high, especially in soils and particularly in cluster roots. To our knowledge, Hg accumulation in cluster roots has not been reported to date. Our results suggest that inoculated white lupin might represent a powerful phytoremediation tool through rhizosequestration of Hg in contaminated soils. Potential uptake and immobilization mechanisms are discussed.

Molecular Detection of the Seed-Borne Pathogen Colletotrichum lupini Targeting the Hyper-Variable IGS Region of the Ribosomal Cluster.

Lupins anthracnose is a destructive seed and airborne disease caused by Colletotrichum lupini, affecting stems and pods. Primary seed infections as low as 0.01–0.1% can cause very severe yield losses. One of the most effective management strategies is the development of a robust and sensitive seed detection assay to screen seed lots before planting. PCR-based detection systems exhibit higher levels of sensitivity than conventional techniques, but when applied to seed tests they require the extraction of PCR-quality DNA from target organisms in backgrounds of saprophytic organisms and inhibitory seed-derived compounds. To overcome these limitations, a new detection protocol for C. lupini based on a biological enrichment step followed by a PCR assay was developed. Several enrichment protocols were compared with Yeast Malt Broth amended with ampicillin, streptomycin, and lactic acid were the most efficient. A species-specific C. lupini primer pair was developed based on rDNA IGS sequences. The specificity was evaluated against 17 strains of C. lupini, 23 different Colletotrichum species, and 21 different organisms isolated from seeds of Lupinus albus cv. Multitalia, L. luteus cv. Mister, and L. angustifolius cv. Tango. The protocol described here enabled the detection of C. lupini in samples artificially infected with less than 1/10,000 infected seed.

Possible reasons for tolerance to mercury of Lupinus albus cv. G1 inoculated with Hg-resistant and sensitive Bradyrhizobium canariense strains

Inoculation with a mercury (Hg)-resistant Bradyrhizobium canariense strain (L7AH) confers on Lupinus albus the ability to grow under high concentrations of Hg and to accumulate this heavy metal. To elucidate the mechanism/s implicated in the acquisition of this tolerance, lupins were inoculated with resistant (L7AH) and sensitive (L3) strains and fed with different Hg solutions (0–200 μM HgCl2). Mercury application resulted in cellular alterations in leaves and nodules, depending on the strain inoculated. Mesophyll cell chloroplasts from L7AH-inoculated plants treated with Hg showed similar structure to those in control plants, while those of L3-inoculated plants treated with Hg showed a large increase in the number and size of starch granules. This resulted in a large increase in chloroplast and cell size which produced altered grana distribution with a totally disorganized thylakoid structure and clear signs of degradation. The preservation of the distribution and morphology of chloroplasts in L7AH-inoculated plants may be a reason why the photosynthetic efficiency remained unchanged even after treatment with 200 μM of Hg. Mercury exposure produced changes in L3-infected nodule ultrastructure, with evident signs of degradation, especially in bacteroids. However, only slight alterations of nodule morphology were noticed in L7AH-infected nodules. X-ray microanalysis showed that, while Hg was present in the nodules formed by L3, in both cortex and infected zone, in those formed by L7AH only low levels of Hg in the outermost layers of the cortex were detected. The exclusion of Hg from the infected zone together with the conservation of the symbiosome structure in nodules from L7AH-inoculated plants may explain the maintenance of nitrogenase activity.

Growth performance, nutrient utilisation and digestibility by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed Tasmanian grown white (Lupinus albus) and narrow-leafed (L. angustifolius) lupins

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional value of Tasmanian and mainland Australian grown white (Lupinus albus cv. Luxor and Rosetta), narrow-leafed (L. angustifolius cv. Jindalee and Coromup) and yellow (L. luteus cv. Pootalong) lupin kernel meals when fed to post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Eight experimental diets were formulated to be isoproteic and isoenergetic on a crude basis. Each diet included the different lupin kernel meals at a single inclusion of 250 g/kg and one control diet was formulated with fish meal as the main protein source. A growth assay was conducted by feeding the experimental diets to triplicate groups of salmon (90.2 ± 13.7 g, mean ± SD) for 74 d, followed by the collection of faeces by abdominal stripping methods. The fish were held in a freshwater recirculation system maintained at 15 °C and were fed twice a day a restricted ration of 1.7% body weight. The lupin kernel meals utilised in this study led to significant differences in the growth and digestibility of diets by Atlantic salmon. Growth of the fish fed the diet containing L. luteus cv. Pootalong was increased compared to the fish fed several of the other lupin varieties. However, the growth and feeding efficiency of fish fed the Tasmanian L. albus cv. Luxor diet deteriorated significantly when compared to the control fed fish (P

English

  In vitro and in vivo bio-stimulatory activity of a Lupinus albus cv. Bethuana white Seed Suspension (SS) was previously documented using vegetable crops. This was repeated for two grain crops, maize and wheat, in an attempt to provide a rationale forthe isolation and identification of the active compound(s) involved. In all cases, besides negative controls, the response to treatment with SS was compared to that of a commercial bio-stimulant, ComCat®. At an optimum concentration of 5 mg â„“-1 SS significantly enhanced seedling growth and yield in both crops. Subsequently, activity directed liquid-liquid extraction of ground L. albus seed resulted in an ethyl acetate extract containing most of the bio-stimulatory activity. Two in vitro bio-assay procedures were employed to appraise the in vitro bio-stimulatory properties of semi-purified fractions as well as pure compounds contained in it. The highly active ethyl acetate extract was fractionated further by means of adsorption column chromatography resulting in eighty five fractions that were combined into twelve on the basis of similarities in thin layer chromatography profiles. Four of these fractions showed significant bio-stimulatory activity and were pooled. From this one compound was isolated, purified and identified as glyceryl trilinoleate by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.   Key words: Lupinus albus, seed suspension, field trials, yield, NMR spectroscopy, glyceryl trilinoleate.

Effect of a diet containing white lupin hulls (Lupinus albus cv. Amiga) on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients and growth performance of rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of white lupin hulls in a rabbit diet on the digestibility of nutrients and growth performance. Two experimental diets were formulated: C [control: 168 g crude protein (CP) and 409 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF)/kg) and WLH diet (substituting 100 g wheat bran by 50 g barley and 50 g white lupin hulls/kg: 162 g CP and 391 g NDF/kg). A total of 24 weaned rabbits were individually housed, randomly allocated to 2 groups and fed one of the 2 experimental diets from 31 to 73 d of age. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of dry matter, gross energy, CP and NDF of the experimental diets were determined in rabbits between 45 and 49 d of age. The diets had a similar digestible protein/digestible energy ratio (11.2 and 10.7 g/MJ for the C and WLH diet, respectively). Rabbits showed normal figures for growth rate (on av. 52.4 g/d), feed intake (on av. 155.1 g/d) and feed conversion ratio (on av. 2.97). There were no significant differences between treatments in the CTTAD of dry matter (0.656 and 0.666 for the C and WLH diet, respectively), gross energy (0.667 and 0.677 for the C and WLH diet, respectively), CP (0.770 and 0.777 for the C and WLH diet, respectively) or NDF (0.451 and 0.428 for the C and WLH diet, respectively). It may be concluded that white lupin hulls can serve as a suitable by-product for rabbit feed and do not significantly reduce the nutritive value of the diet.

Bi-cropping white lupins (Lupinus albus L.) with cereals for wholecrop forage in organic farming: The effect of seed rate and harvest dates on crop yield and quality

Bi-crops of spring white lupin (Lupinus albus) cv. Dieta with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Paragon and spring triticale (Triticosecale Wittmark) cv. Logo grown on clay loam on Soil Association registered organic land near Cirencester, Gloucestershire, in the UK, gave higher dry matter (DM) yields across different seed rates for the crop mixtures than constituent monocultures. The lupin/triticale mixes gave the highest yields of forage, approaching 20 t ha− 1 DM. Lupin contributions to yield increased with increasing seed rate and later harvest dates (from mid July to late August). Calculated Land Equivalent Ratios exceeding 1 occurred for all lupin/cereal bi-crop treatments across all harvest dates, indicating a competitive resource advantage of the crop mixtures. All lupin/cereal bi-crops were nutritionally superior to the monocrops in chemical quality for crude protein, fibre, and ether extracts.

Intraspecific variation in alkaloid profile of four lupine species with implications for the pea aphid probing behaviour

The alkaloid profile of white lupine Lupinus albus L. cv. ‘Boros’ and ‘Butan’, narrow-leaf lupine L. angustifolius L. cv. ‘Bojar’, ‘Graf’, ‘Karo’, ‘Mirela’, and ‘Sonet’, yellow lupine L. luteus L. cv. ‘Dukat’, ‘Parys’, ‘Perkoz’, and ‘Talar’, and wild species big-leaf lupine L. polyphyllus Lindl. was studied. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris probing behaviour was monitored using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique.Four types of feeding behaviour were recognized. First, on highly acceptable L. luteus cv. ‘Dukat’, the total and mean duration of probing, time to reach phloem phase, and the duration of the first phloem phase were comparable to those in aphids on control plant Pisum sativum. Second, on partially acceptable L. luteus cv. ‘Talar’, pathway activities were slightly impeded, and the probes were more numerous and slightly shorter than on control plants. The phloem phase occurred sporadically, and feeding was terminated early after a brief period of ingestion. Third, on unpalatable but acceptable L. angustifolius cv. ‘Bojar’ and ‘Sonet’, and L. luteus cv. ‘Parys’ and ‘Perkoz’, the probes were numerous and usually epidermal. The phloem phase occurred rarely, and when it did, it was short and consisted mainly of watery salivation. Finally, on unacceptable L. albus cv. ‘Boros’ and ‘Butan’, L. angustifolius cv. ‘Graf’, ‘Karo’, ‘Mirela’, and L. polyphyllus, total probing time and individual probes were short and phloem phase did not occur.Eighteen alkaloids were identified: one piperidine alkaloid (ammodendrine), one indole (gramine), ten quinolizidine alkaloids (one tricyclic and nine tetracyclic compounds), and six esters. All lupine varieties that contained lupanine, its derivatives and especially their esters appeared to be unacceptable to the pea aphid, independent of the total concentration of any specific lupanine alkaloid. In contrast, sparteine and its derivatives did not seem to affect aphid probing significantly.

Influence of substituting dietary soybean meal for dehulled-micronized lupin (Lupinus albus cv. Multitalia) on early phase laying hens production and egg quality

This study was designed to determine the effects on laying performance and egg quality resulting from substitution of soybean meal with dehulled-micronized lupin (Lupinus albus cv. Multitalia) in diet of early phase laying hens. Isa Brown layers, 18weeks of age were randomly allocated to 2 dietary treatments and fed for 10weeks. Two different durum wheat middlings-based diets were prepared; one containing soybean meal (150g/kg) and the other dehulled-micronized lupin (180g/kg) as the main protein sources. Feed consumption was recorded daily and egg production was calculated on a hen-day basis; eggs from each group were weekly collected to evaluate egg components and shell quality. A significant effect was found for feed intake (P<0.05) which was lower in layers fed diet containing lupin compared to those fed soybean meal, without however any negative effects on feed efficiency (P<0.10). Egg production and none of egg quality traits examined were influenced by dietary treatment, except for yolk color score that was higher in hens fed the lupin diet (P<0.05) and percentage of albumen higher for lupin diet (P<0.05). These findings indicate that dehulled-micronized lupin results a suitable feed ingredient for early phase laying hens that can be satisfactory substituted to conventional protein source such as soybean meal.

In vitro and in vivo bio-stimulatory properties of a Lupinus albus L. seed suspension

During an extended screening program of plant extracts for bio-stimulatory activity, a seed suspension (SS) of Lupinus albus L. cv. Betsuhana White was identified as most promising. By testing a concentration range of SS using three in vitro bio-assays [i.e. respiration rate of monoculture yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells, germination rate of seeds from selected crops, and subsequent seedling growth], 5 mg/L was identified as the optimal concentration in terms of in vitro bio-stimulatory activity. A commercially available bio-stimulant, ComCat®, was used as a positive control, while a glucose solution for respiration tests and distilled water for germination tests served as negative controls. Compared with the controls, significant (P &lt; 0.05) increases in the respiration rate of monoculture yeast cells and seedling root growth in the majority of test crops after treatment with SS confirmed its in vitro bio-stimulatory potential. Seedling root growth compared favourably with results obtained with the commercial bio-stimulant. Subsequently, the in vivo yield response of selected crops to foliar treatment with SS was investigated under field conditions using ComCat® as a positive control. All trials were laid out in a complete randomised block design. Foliar applications of SS at 5 mg/L under a drip irrigation system contributed to significant (P &lt; 0.05) yield increases in lettuce (by 20.0 t/ha) and carrots (by 22.2 t/ha), which compared favourably with the positive control, but not in beetroot and cabbage. Beetroot yield was enhanced whereas cabbage yield was decreased markedly, but not significantly, by the SS treatment, compared with the negative control. The results confirmed both the in vitro and in vivo bio-stimulatory potential of a seed suspension of L. albus cv. Betsuhana White in terms of its ability to manipulate early seedling growth and enhance the yield of selected vegetable crops.

Effect of feeding growing–fattening rabbits a diet supplemented with whole white lupin ( Lupinus albus cv. Amiga) seeds on fatty acid composition and indexes related to human health in hind leg meat and perirenal fat

A total of 20 weaned rabbits (33 days old) (10 per treatment) were fed one of two diets that included 150 g of sunflower meal (SF)/kg of diet or 120 g of whole white lupin (WL)/kg of diet for 42 days. The WL diet contained less saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) but more monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) than the SF diet. The WL diet significantly decreased SFA and PUFA content, as well as the PUFA n − 6/PUFA n − 3 ratio and saturation, atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes in hind leg meat. The fatty acid composition in perirenal fat was similar to that of hind leg meat; however, significantly higher MUFA levels were observed in rabbits fed the WL diet. Thus, feeding rabbits the WL diet affected the fatty acid profile of hind leg meat and perirenal fat in a favourable manner.

Analysis of Lupinus albus heat-shock granule proteins in response to high temperature stress

An important aspect of heat-shock response of lupin (Lupinus albus cv. Rio Maior) is the formation of cytoplasmic granular aggregates, called heat-shock granules (HSGs). In this study, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to detect the component proteins of HSG complexes formed in vivo. Evaluation of 2-DE revealed differential expression of several proteins under heat shock conditions when compared with control. Among them, small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) of 15 to 30 kDa were found to be the major representative proteins along with other proteins of relative molecular mass ranging from 36 to 45 kDa and above.

Effect of Copper on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Mineral Nutrition of White Lupin Plants Grown in Nutrient Solution

ABSTRACT We analyzed the effect of different copper (Cu) concentrations (0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.35 mM) and time (1 day to 9 days) on several growth and biochemical parameters of roots and shoots of white lupin plants (Lupinus albus cv Estoril) grown in nutrient solution. A significant decrease in leaf fresh weight and leaf area was detected. Copper accumulated in the roots, and an impairment of nutrient translocation was only observed after six days at the highest Cu concentrations applied. A transient increase in the activity of polyphenoloxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) enforces a role for lignification as a defense strategy under enhanced Cu levels. The activities of several antioxidative enzymes were enhanced after Cu application. Our results indicate that Lupinus albus cv ‘Estoril’ is a rather resistant plant that can cope with moderate concentrations of copper, mostly by controlling up to a certain point, the uptake of excessive amounts of this metal.

Whole white lupin ( Lupinus albus cv. Amiga) seeds as a source of protein for growing-fattening rabbits

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of substituting 100 g soybean meal (SBM) for 150 g whole white lupin seeds (WL, Lupinus albus cv. Amiga) or 170 g sunflower meal (SFM)/kg diet as protein source for growing-fattening rabbits. The SFM diet contained more cellulose and lignin, and less digestible energy than the other diets whereas the WL diet contained more oligosaccharides of the raffinose series. In the performance trial, 90 weaned Hyplus rabbits (30 per treatment) were individually housed and fed one of the three experimental diets for 42 days (37–79 days of age). At the end of the trial period, 18 rabbits per treatment were slaughtered and used for the evaluation of carcass traits. In addition, the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of the diets and caecal traits were determined from 48 to 52 days of age in 13 rabbits per treatment. Diet did not affect weight gain or feed conversion ratio but feed intake was higher with the SFM diet ( P<0.05). Dressing-out percentage was higher in rabbits fed the WL diet than in rabbits fed the other diets ( P=0.006). Diet did not affect CTTAD of organic matter, crude protein or ether extract. Rabbits fed the SFM diet had lower neutral detergent fibre digestibility ( P<0.05) and tended to have lower gross energy and acid detergent fibre digestibility than rabbits fed the other diets. In addition, pH, volatile fatty acid and ammonia concentration in the caecum were not affected by diet; however, lactic acid concentration was increased with WL feeding ( P<0.05). It is concluded that whole white lupin seeds can replace satisfactorily soybean meal and sunflower meal in diets for growing-fattening rabbits.

Antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of high-protein lupin products

In order to produce high protein lupin products, α-galactoside extraction from Lupinus angustifolius cv. Troll and cv. Emir and Lupinus albus cv. Multolupa, and protein isolation from L. albus cv. Multolupa were carried out. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), DPPH radical-scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA), peroxyl radical-trapping capacity (PRTC), superoxide dismutase-like activity (SOD-like activity), total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total flavonoids were determined in lupin products. In L. angustifolius cv. Troll, L. angustifolius cv. Emir and L. albus cv. Multolupa α-galactoside-low flours, the TEAC and DPPH-RSA decreased (43%, 38%; 73%, 82%; 77%, 38%, respectively). PRTC decreased in L. angustifolius cv. Troll and L. albus cv. Multolupa α-galactoside-low flours (13% and 98%, respectively), while in those of L. angustifolius cv. Emir, PRTC increased (25%). SOD-like activity and TPC were also affected by α-galactoside extraction and reductions of 30–52% and 38–56%, respectively, were observed. The protein isolate of L. albus cv. Multolupa presented lower TEAC (24%), a similar level of PRTC and twice higher level of DPPH-RSA than did α-galactoside-low Multolupa flour. Moreover, the SOD-like activity of lupin protein isolate was sharply reduced but the TPC content was 24% higher. The technological procedures, α-galactoside extraction and protein isolation, provide high protein lupin products but with lower antioxidant capacity and total phenolic compounds than the raw seeds, although the levels of antioxidant capacity of these lupin products resemble those of cereals.

The fatty acid composition of the oil from Lupinus albus cv. Luxe as affected by environmental and agricultural factors

There is a growing interest in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) seed for food or feed, favoured by the availability of well-performing varieties with low content of alkaloids. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of the environmental and agricultural factors on the content and fatty acid composition of lupin oil. The investigation was performed on the sweet variety Luxe grown in three Italian locations (one continental and two Mediterranean) and 13 environments in total. Statistical analyses (analysis of variance and principal component analysis) indicated that oil content and composition of fatty acids were affected largely by the growing location. Mediterranean sites tended to lower crop yield, but to increase oil content and absolute α-linolenic acid content compared to the continental location; large variation occurred also between the Mediterranean sites. The α-linolenic acid content ranged from 1.41 to 3.24 mg/g flour, highlighting the possible value of white lupin in order to reach the recommended daily intake of this fatty acid. The observed ω-3/ω-6 ratio, ranging from 0.45 to 0.63, was much higher than that of most vegetable oils.