Albino Type Research Articles

Investigation of Chlorophyll Mutations in Gamma Irradiated Naked Barley Genotypes

The consumption of naked barley is significantly increasing as more people become aware of its benefi-cial role as a source of dietary fiber and β-glucan. As a result, breeding programs paid more attention to naked barley. Improvement of yield and quality of naked barley is hindered by the lack of available germplasm. Mutation breeding is an effective tool for generating variation for plant breeding. Chlorophyll mutations are often used as visual indicators in breeding research to determine the optimum mutagen dosage. The purpose of this study was to identify the types and frequency of chlorophyll mutations brought on by different gamma radiation doses in two genotypes of hulless barley and determine the effective dose (ED50) based on the mutation frequency. Seeds of naked barley line YAA7050-14 and cv. Yalin that have been irradiated with doses of 100, 150, 200, and 300 Gy gamma rays delivered by a Cobalt-60 source. Chlorophyll mutations were observed in 8-day-old M2 plants grown under greenhouse conditions. In the M2 plants of cv. Yalin, the highest mutagen frequency was observed at 250 and 300 Gy, while in line YAA7050-14, the highest mutation frequency was found at 300 Gy. The rate of chlorophyll mutation rose in both genotypes as the gamma ray doses increased. The albino type of chlorophyll muta-tion was found in the cv. Yalin at the greatest rate, whereas the xantha type was found in the line YAA7050-14. The most common chlorophyll mutation type was albino, while the least common type was viridis when both genotypes were considered together. Based on the mutation frequency, 250-300 Gy doses could be used to effectively in further research to create mutations in the naked barley genotypes.

The role of carbondioxide insufflation in preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions in rats

Aims: Adhesion is the pathological connections that occur during the healing with scar formation of peritoneal surface defects. CO2 is used the most frequently in laparoscopic operations for insufflation. It is believed that it causes to changes in the inflammatory reply of the pneumo-peritoneum, defects in acid-base balance and decrease in peritoneal macrophage functions. CO2 is the only gas whose immunologic effects have been shown. It has been proven in experimental studies that the CO2 insufflation causes to local peritoneal acidosis without affecting the systemic status. Moreover, it has also been shown that it decreases the pneumo-peritoneum TNF-α and IL-6 production; however, increases the IL-10 production which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In the literature, the relation between the laparoscopy and the postoperative adhesions has always been explained by taking the suggestion of its causing to less tissue trauma as a basis when compared with the open surgery. The inflammatory reply of the CO2 has been less dealt with. In this study, we wanted to find the answer to the question whether the capno-peritoneum has a role in preventing the postoperative adhesion formation only by using CO2 without a a laparoscopic operation. 
 Methods: 30 female Wistar Albino type rats whose weights varied between 250±20 were used in the study. The rats were divided into 5 groups. Each group had 6 rats. Rats were placed in standard polycarbon cages in groups of 6. The room temperature was kept in 21°C. The rats were fed with standard pellet food during the study and tap water was provided to them. The operational anesthesia was performed by injecting intramuscular Ketamine Hydrochloride (Ketalar, Parke Davis and Eczacıbaşı, İstanbul) 50 mg/kg and Xylazine hydrochloride (Rompun, Bayer HealthCare) 5 mg/kg. 
 Results: A meaningful difference (p

Aphanomyces invadans: The Causative Agent of the Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome in Albino Northern Snakeheads

AbstractA suspected epizootic ulcerative syndrome with a 50–70% morbidity rate broke out in farmed albino‐type (AT) Northern Snakeheads Channa argus at Jinming farm, Chao‐Yang Town, southwest China. To investigate the pathogen, diseased fish were sampled and laboratory examinations were conducted. Three specific staining methods (Grocott’s hexamine silver, glycogen–periodic acid–Schiff, and modified Gram’s stain) were also applied for a clear observation of fungi in tissues. Histopathological changes were studied to reveal the pathogenic mechanism. Results showed that Aphanomyces invadans was the causative agent of the disease in AT fish, judging from the fungus‐like hyphae, fungal granulomas, and 99% similarity of PCR products to A. invadans (MN814020.1). Among the three fungal staining methods, Grocott’s hexamine silver was the best; this method dyed the fungal hyphae black, while the surrounding muscle was dyed brown. Histopathologically, the affected skin and muscle exhibited remarkable dermatitis, myositis, and fungal granulomas, whereas the other tissues (e.g., gills, liver, spleen, kidneys, and intestines) showed histopathological changes related to osmotic imbalance. In conclusion, the causative agent of disease in AT Northern Snakeheads was A. invadans, which invaded the skin and muscle, causing ulcers in the skin.

Distinct skin morphological and transcriptomic profiles between wild and albino Oscar Astronotus ocellatus

Oscar Astronotus ocellatus is an important ornamental fish, including albino and wild varieties. Albino individuals attract aquarium hobbyists due to their unique body color, but studies on the species' albinism mechanism are currently scarce. Here, we investigated the morphological and transcriptomic profiles of the skin of albino and wild Oscar. The results showed that the albino type had fewer oval-shaped melanophores and immature melanosomes but that the wild type contained more stellate-shaped melanophores and mature melanosomes. Albino Oscar had a degenerative pigment layer without obvious melanin deposition and content, while the wild type contained more concentrated melanin within the pigment layer. A total of 272,392 unigenes were detected, 109 of which were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between albino and wild Oscar. Pathways of DEGs, including those involved in complement and coagulation cascades, novobiocin biosynthesis, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis, were significantly enriched. DEGs, including upregulated Sfrp5 and Tat, and downregulated Wnt-10a, Ppp3c, Notch1 and Trim27 involved in the Wnt signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, tyrosine metabolism, MAPK signaling pathway and melanogenesis, might be associated with the albinism of Oscar. This study characterized the difference in melanophore morphology between wild and albino Oscar and identified some albinism-related candidate genes and signaling pathways, helping to understand the genetic mechanism of fish albinism.

Effects of Routine Antithrombotic-Adjusted Dose of Rivaroxaban and Nadroparin Calcium on Tendon Healing of Rats: An Experimental Study

Introduction Achilles tendon injury necessitates thromboembolism prophylaxis after repair. This study aimed to investigate the effects of antithrombotic-adjusted prophylactic doses of nadroparin calcium and rivaroxaban on Achilles tendon healing.Materials and Methods Twenty-four young adult male Wistar Albino type rats were randomly divided into three groups. All rats underwent a full-thickness surgical incision of the Achilles tendon, followed by primary repair. After the procedure, group 1 was determined as the control group and received no medication. Group 2 received 2.03 mg/kg rivaroxaban daily via gastric lavage once daily, and group 3 was given subcutaneous 114 IU AXa nadroparin calcium once daily for 28 days. After euthanization, the degrees of inflammation, neovascularization, fibroblastic activity, and collagen fiber sequencing were examined and scored for histopathological evaluation. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0 for Windows software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States) was used for all statistical analyses. The number of inflammatory cells, capillary vessels, and fibroblasts, which met the parametric tests' assumptions, were compared between three independent groups by one-way analysis of variance. The significance level was set at p-value < 0.05.Results Histological examination of the group 1 sample showed the presence of inflammatory cells, an increase in the number of fibroblasts, and sequencing of collagen fibers scattered. The presence of inflammatory cells, remarkable increases in the number of fibroblasts, the presence of mature collagen fibers, and regular sequencing of collagen fibers regular were shown in groups 2 and 3. There were statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the number of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts. In group 2, the number of inflammatory cells was lower than in groups 1 and 3. Elsewhere, the number of fibroblasts was higher in group 1 compared than in groups 2 and 3.Conclusion Both rivaroxaban and nadroparin calcium in their daily dosage have a beneficial effect on Achilles tendon healing.

N-asetilsistein ve ozon gibi antioksidan ilaçların staz zonu üzerindeki etkinliği

Title: The effectiveness of antioxidant drugs such as N-acetylcysteine and Ozone on the stasis zone. Short title: Effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine and Ozone on the stasis zone. Purpose: Stasis zone, the zone around the coagulation zone, is important for the prevention necrosis in burns. Various drugs were studied in literature to prevent necrosis in stasis zone. The previous researches have shown the effectiveness of Nacetylcysteine treatment on both remote organs and local side in thermal injury. Demonstration of the effectiveness of N acetylcysteine and Ozone on stasis zone prevention in thermal injury was the goal of this study. Methods: For this purpose, 24 4-month-old Wistar albino type female rats weighing 200±20 g were used in the study. Compound burning model was made in these rats. Next, the compound was applied to the combustion model to compare the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine and Ozone. To identfy histopathological destruction severity a scoring method was applied. Malondialdhyede (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Superoksid dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were analyzed in serum samples of the rats to find out the alterations in the balance between oxidatitaion and antioxidation system. Results: While the highest MDA levels were observed in group I, the decrease was significant in group II and III (p=0.03 and p<0.02). SOD levels were significantly higher in group III compared to group II (p<0.05). CAT levels were higher in group II and III than group I (p<0.001, p<0.001). GPx levels were higher in group II (p<0.001), and group III (p<0.001). Histopathological scores were lower in group III than group I (p=0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that both Ozone and N-acetylcysteine are effective agents in rescuing the stasis site. It was also concluded that Ozone might be more beneficial than N-acetylcysteine.

Topikal Atorvastatinin Random Paternli Cilt Fleplerinin Yaşayabilirliğine Etkisi ,Deneysel Çalışma

Augmentation of viability of random pattern flaps has long been an issue in plastic surgery. Up to date no agents were clinically introduced. Atorvastatins are used clinically for lipid lowering. They are also effective on flap survival with their angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects with systeic administration. In this study, Atorvastatin is used topically for flap survival alleviation in Mc Farlane flap in rats. Wibstar albino type 20 male rats weighing about 180-230 grams were classified as experiment and control group. Results were evaluated by flap necrosis ratios, lymphocyte cells, neutrophile cells, capillary and granulation tissue density on the 7th postoperative day.. Flap necrosis areas were evaluated with Sasaki's paratemplate method. Tissue biopsies of 1x1 cm at the transition zone between necrotic and healthy tissue, were embedded in parafin blocks after fixation in 10% formalin. Biopsies were sliced by 4 micrometer thickness with a microtome. Cross sections were painted with hematoxylene eosin and evaluated with a light microscope. Whitneyy U test was performed for clinical and histopathological evaluation of groups (p<0,05). Flap viability was alleviated. Average necrosis ratios on flaps were 32.1% in the control group and 14.17% in experimental group. Capillary tissue and neutrophile cell density were found to be higher in atorvastatin group. . Granulation tissue and lymphocyte cell density were not found significantly higher.. Atorvastatins, when applied topically, are effective on flap survival. Further studies should be carried out for human clinical use.

Insights Into the Albinism Mechanism for Two Distinct Color Morphs of Northern Snakehead, Channa argus Through Histological and Transcriptome Analyses.

The great northern snakehead (Channa argus) is one of the most important economic and conservational fish in China. In this study, the melanocytes in the skin of two distinct color morphs C. argus were investigated and compared through employment of the microscopic analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson Fontana staining. Our results demonstrated the uneven distribution of melanocytes with extremely low density and most of them were in the state of aging or death. Meanwhile, there was no obvious pigment layer and melanocytes distribution pattern found in the albino-type (AT), while the melanocytes were evenly distributed with abundance in the bicolor-type (BT). The transcriptome analysis through Illumina HiSeq sequencing showed that a total of 34.93 Gb Clean Data was obtained, and Q30 base percentage reached 92.66%. The BT and AT northern snakeheads transcriptome data included a total of 56,039,701 and 60,410,063 clean reads (n = 3), respectively. In gene expression analyses, the sample correlation coefficients (r) were ranged between 0.92 and 1.00; the contribution of PC1 and PC2 were 50.25 and 13.73% by using PCA cluster analysis, the total number of DEGs were 1024 (559 up-regulated and 465 down-regulated), and the number of annotated DEGs was 767 (COG 172, KEGG 262, GO 288, SwissProt 548, Pfam 579 and NR 765). Additionally, 46,363 ± 873 and 44,947 ± 392 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were compiled via genetic structure analysis, respectively. Ten key pigment-related genes were screened using qRT-PCR. And all of them revealed extremely higher expression levels in the skin of BT than those of AT. This is the first study to analyze the mechanism of albino characteristics of Channa via histology and transcriptomics, and also provide the oretical and practical support for the protection and development of germplasm resources for C. argus.

Protective effect of ibuprofen against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Aim: Ibuprofen is an older agent, but its intravenous form is a very new drug. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intravenous form of ibuprofen has protective effect against renal ischemia reperfusion injury at two different doses such as 10-30 mg/kg.Material and Methods: Thirty-two Wistar Albino type female rats were divided into 4 groups as sham, control, IBU-10, IBU-30. In the control group, 60 minutes renal ischemia and 60 minutes reperfusion were performed. In the ibuprofen groups, at the 45th minute of ischemia, ibuprofen was administered in different doses at 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg through intraperitoneally. After 60 minutes of ischemia, the clamps were opened. Renal tissue and blood samples were collected from the rats at the end of the reperfusion period. Serum TAS, TOS and prolidase enzyme levels were analyzed in plasma samples. Both histopathological and biochemical evaluations were performed with kidney tissue. Results: In the groups given intravenous ibuprofen, less cellular damage was always detected. Cellular damage indicators were significantly lower in the treated rats than in the control group. Serum and tissue prolidase values were different between groups (p0.001, p0.001). Serum TAS and TOS levels were also different between groups (p=0.001, p=0.003). Serum OSI levels were also different between groups (p=0.017).Conclusion: The biochemical and pathological results obtained in our study suggest that intravenous ibuprofen, has a protective effect against kidney damage. We believe that our study will shed light on future clinical prospective studies.

Immunogenicity of a Brucella abortus 55-kDa recombinant surface protein conjugated with detoxified lipopolysaccharide in black and albino type C mouse model

Objective: Brucella spp. causes zoonotic infections. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major antigenic Brucella structure stimulating a T-independent response. For eliciting cell-mediated immunity against LPS, it should be conjugated with a polypeptide antigen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of Brucella abortus 55-kDa recombinant surface protein (BC55) conjugated with detoxified LPS in black and albino type C (BALB/c) mouse model. Materials and methods: The B. abortus bc55 gene was amplified and cloned into pET32a (+) plasmid. The recombinant vectors were transferred into Escherichia coli GM2163 and the expression of the recombinant protein was induced by 1-mmol/l isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside. The BC55 protein was purified using a nickel resin column and, next, conjugated with detoxified LPS and injected subcutaneously to BALB/c mice including five groups. B. abortus 544 and PBS were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Recovered bacteria from spleen of mice were compared with those of members of the control group. Results: The BC55 with 57-kDa size was purified by resin–nickel column method. The conjugation of BC55 + dLPS induced major immune response, significantly higher than each of the dLPS, PBS, and BC55 protein components. Conclusion: The conjugation of BC55 + dLPS induced responses significantly higher than each of the dLPS, PBS, and BC55 protein components. In addition, the dLPS + BC55 conjugate not only had efficient results in the induction of immune responses as a new vaccination strategy, it (also) can reduce the number of B. abortus in spleen.

13-93B3 Bioactive Glass: a New Scaffold for Transplantation of Stem Cell-Derived Chondrocytes.

Research using animal models gives human trials hope for recovery in many fields of regenerative medicine, although they are sometimes poor predictors for human experiences. Our goal was to investigate whether rat chondrocytes, differentiated from adipose-derived stem cells, could be transplanted using a new, easily shaped, bioactive glass scaffold, and to show the immunohistochemical results. Intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue was extracted from 6 male Wistar albino type rats. The fatty tissue samples were fragmented and incubated. Chondrogenic differentiation was carried out and collagen type II, bFGF, and Sox-9 immunohistochemical characterization analysis was performed. Differentiated chondrocytes were implanted on 13-93B3 bioactive glass scaffolds and transplanted into the right ears of the rats. As control, only the biomaterial was transplanted into the left ears of the rats. After 1 month, the rats were sacrificed and transplantation areas were examined immunohistochemically. Histological examination of control samples from the left ears revealed that the biomaterial was covered with connective tissue, its general structure was preserved, and resorption of the scaffold had started. In specimens from the right ears, the biomaterial was covered with connective tissue, its structure was preserved, cartilage cells were present around the biomaterial, and the presence of cartilage tissue was demonstrated immunohistochemically. In conclusion, 13-93B3 bioactive glass scaffold contributed to the formation of new collagen and the survival of chondrocytes, and is a promising new biomaterial that will prove very useful in regenerative medicine.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CAMEL MILK AS ANTI-DIABETIC SUPPLEMENT: BIOCHEMICAL, MOLECULAR AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY.

Background:Diabetes is a serious disease affects human health. Diabetes in advanced stages is accompanied by general weakness and alteration in fats and carbohydrates metabolism. Recently there are some scientific trends about the usage of camel milk (CM) in the treatment of diabetes and its associated alterations. CM contains vital active particles with insulin like action that cure diabetes and its complications but how these effects occur, still unclear.Materials and Methods:Seventy-five adult male rats of the albino type divided into five equal groups. Group 1 served as a negative control (C). Group 2 was supplemented with camel milk (CM). Diabetes was induced in the remaining groups (3, 4 and 5). Group 3 served as positive diabetic control (D). Group 4 served as diabetic and administered metformin (D+MET). Group 5 served as diabetes and supplemented with camel milk (D+CM). Camel milk was supplemented for two consecutive months. Serum glucose, leptin, insulin, liver, kidney, antioxidants, MDA and lipid profiles were assayed. Tissues from liver and adipose tissues were examined using RT-PCR analysis for the changes in mRNA expression of genes of carbohydrates and lipid metabolism. Pancreas and liver were used for immunohistochemical examination using specific antibodies.Results:Camel milk supplementation ameliorated serum biochemical measurements that altered after diabetes induction. CM supplementation up-regulated mRNA expression of IRS-2, PK, and FASN genes, while down-regulated the expression of CPT-1 to control mRNA expression level. CM did not affect the expression of PEPCK gene. On the other hand, metformin failed to reduce the expression of CPT-1 compared to camel milk administered rats. Immunohistochemical findings revealed that CM administration restored the immunostaining reactivity of insulin and GLUT-4 in the pancreas of diabetic rats.Conclusion:CM administration is of medical importance and helps physicians in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Prevention of Intraabdominal Adhesions: An Experimental Study Using Mitomycin-C and 4% Icodextrin

Background:Intraabdominal adhesions remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Moreover, intraabdominal adhesions can develop in more than 50% of abdominal operations.Aims:We compared the anti-adhesive effects of two different agents on postoperative adhesion formation in a cecal abrasion model.Study Design:Experimental animal study.Methods:Forty Wistar albino type female rats were anesthetized and underwent laparotomy. Study groups comprised Sham, Control, Mitomycin-C, 4% Icodextrin, and Mitomycin-C +4% Icodextrin groups. Macroscopic and histopathological evaluations of adhesions were performed.Results:The frequencies of moderate and severe adhesions were significantly higher in the control group than the other groups. The mitomycin-C and Mitomycin-C +4% Icodextrin groups were associated with significantly lower adhesion scores compared to the control group and 4% Icodextrin group scores (p=0.002 and p=0.008, respectively). The adhesion scores of the Mitomycin-C group were also significantly lower than those of the 4% Icodextrin group (p=0.008).Conclusion:Despite its potential for bone marrow toxicity, Mitomycin-C seems to effectively prevent adhesions. Further studies that prove an acceptable safety profile relating to this promising anti-adhesive agent are required before moving into clinical trials.

Does vitamin E prevent tubal damage caused by smoking? A light microscopy and animal study

ObjectiveTo assess the histomorphological effects of smoking on the cilia of fallopian tubes in mice and the effect of vitamin E on the negative effects of smoke. Study designEighteen 12–14 week-old Swiss albino type female mice were randomly divided into three groups, each consisting of six mice: Group A: control group; Group B: mice exposed to cigarette smoke; Group C: mice exposed to cigarette smoke together with vitamin E. Groups B and C were exposed to cigarette smoke for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks, tubal excision was performed in all animals. Histopathologic examination of excised tubal tissue was conducted under light microscopy. ResultsThe number of cilia was significantly lower in Group B. Although not statistically significant, the median number of cilia in Group C was measured to be higher than in Group B but lower than in Group A. ConclusionBased on the results, it can be concluded that smoking decreases tubal cilia numbers. Supplementation by vitamin E may treat or at least help to slow down the decrease in number of cilia caused by smoking; therefore it could be used therapeutically in the treatment of smoking-related tubal damage.

Protective effect of leflunomide against oxidative intestinal injury in a rodent model of sepsis

BackgroundSepsis is defined as an uncontrolled inflammatory response in a host. The process may lead to severe sepsis, multisystem organ failure and even death. Leflunomide has important immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, which may mitigate host response to bacterial translocation. The goal of our study was to measure the effects leflunomide administration had on a variety of biochemical markers upregulated in systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and multiple organ failure syndrome. Materials and methodsWistar albino type rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, sham, leflunomide, sepsis, and sepsis + leflunomide. Sepsis was achieved by means of the cecal ligation and puncture method. Leflunomide 2 × 10 mg/kg/d was administered before the experiment. At the end of 24 h, the tissue levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase activity, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and protein carbonyl were measured. ResultsThe level of the bowel superoxide dismutase and catalase levels of the sepsis group is significantly lower than those of the control, sham, and leflunomide groups (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and protein carbonyl levels are significantly higher in sepsis compared with other groups (P < 0.05). ConclusionsLeflunomide's prevention of protein and lipid peroxidation was observed in septic bowel tissue. Use of leflunomide could have protective effects against both the onset and the progressive stages of sepsis.

Evaluation of the effects of ankaferd blood stopper on rabbits with paranchyme damage: an experımental study

Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), a herbal extract used as a hemostatic agent in traditional Turkish medicine, on hemostasis, wound healing, air leakage and the efficiency over pleural adhesions in rabbits with pulmonary parenchymal damage. Methods: Sixteen New Zelland Albino type male and female rabbits with a mean weight of 2500 g were used. The rabbits were divided into two groups as study group and control group. One rabbit in each group died during anesthesia. We performed wedge resections in equal size to the left lower lobes of all rabbits. No additional procedure was performed on the control group, while the study group received 5 puffs (~1 cc) of ABS to the resection area. Tube thoracostomy, which was performed in both groups, was terminated postoperatively at the sixth hours after drainage and air leakage follow-up. The rabbits were sacrificed with high dose anesthetic at the postoperative eight-day. Pleural inflammation and fibrosis in the hemithorax were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Biochemical measurements of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyprolin (HPR) levels were done. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in postoperative air leakage and the amount of drainage between the groups (amount of hemorrhage p

Comparative mutagenic efficiency, effectiveness and induced polygenic variability in mothbean (Vigna acontifoliaL.)

Induced biological damage, polygenic variability and comparative mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of EMS, MMS, SA and HA were studied in four varieties of moth bean, namely, RMO-40, RMO-257, Jwala and CZM-1. Gradual reduction in germination, pollen fertility and survival percentage was observed with increased doses of mutagens. The frequency of chlorophyll mutants was less and were of two types i.e., albino and xantha in which albino type was less frequent. The spectrum of morphological mutations was defined in ten different classes (revertant, bushy, bifurcated stem, bolted, sterile, miniature, branched, increased peduncle length, spreading habit, and increased primary branches). The most effective treatment appeared to be 0.05% MMS, whereas least were 50mM hydroxylamine.The effectiveness of various mutagen treatments was generally higher on RMO-40 and lower on CZM-1.The effectiveness of treatments was decreased in the order of MMS > SA> EMS > HA. The highest mutagenic efficiency was observed with 1.0 mM Sodium azide in the Mothbean variety RMO-40. On the basis of estimates of pooled over genotypes and doses with in a mutagen, SA was the most efficient mutagen followed by MMS, EMS and HA. In M3 generation, 15 progenies showed significantly superior seed yield per plant with higher magnitude of yield contributing traits then the best check, RMO-225. Branches per plant and pods per plant exhibited high genetic variability in M3 generation.

The investigation of the effect of endothelial damage of rat aorta occlusion with microvascular clamp: an experimental study

Background: In this study, we investigated the potential effect of the endothelial damage by occluding the rat aorta through atraumatic microvascular clamp application. Methods: Fifteen 3-4 month old Wistar Albino type female rats weighted 300-400 g were anesthetized and the abdominal aorta was explored with median laparotomy. Distal segment of the abdominal aorta was clamped with a microvascular clamp. After almost 10 minutes, occluded segment with microvascular clamp was excised and defined as the clamp group. The incision lengthened proximally and thoracic aorta was explored. The samples of the thoracic aorta segment were defined as the control group. These two sampling groups were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The analysis is performed by a single blind method and results were analyzed statistically. Results: No endothelial damage was observed in the samples of the control group. In microvascular clamp group, there was type 1 damage in 10 samples (66.7%), type 2 damage in four samples (26.6%) and type 3 damage in one sample (6.6%). The difference between microvascular clamp and control group was statistically significant in terms of endothelial damage (p

Fracture Healing in a Denervation and/or Nerve Ending Interpositioning Model in the Rat

Background: In this experimental study, we aimed to determine the possible changes in fracture healing due to denervation and/or nerve ending interpositioning. Methods: 50 Wistar Albino type male rats were divided into three study groups. A standard transverse diaphysial fracture in the femurs of the same side of all subjects under anesthesia was created and the fracture were fixed intramedullarily. While preserving the structural integrity of the sciatic nerve in the first group, neurectomy to the nerve in the second group was performed. In the third group, following the sciatic nerve cut, the proximal end of the nerve were interposed the fracture line. After a 28-day observational period, the callus formation in the subjects was examined radiologically, biomechanically and histopathologically. Results: Among all groups, the third group subjects showed significant increase in radiological area measurements when they are compared to the second group rats. There was no significant difference in biomechanical measurements of fractured femurs of the three groups. In histopathological evaluations, it was observed that denervation had increased the thickness of the cartilage and the number of the chondrocytes and osteoclasts significantly but decreased the number of fibroblasts compared to the control group. In addition to the denervation nerve ending interpositioning increased the bone thickness and the number of the osteoblasts but decreased the number of the osteoclasts significantly. Conclusions: While radiological observations exhibit that nerve ending interpositioning has resulted more hypertrophic callus formation, histopathological evaluations led us to that denervation created partial (immature) callus formation and nerve ending interpositioning demonstrated larger but immature callus formation.

Comparison of the hemostatic efficiency of Ankaferd Blood Stopper and fibrin glue on a liver laceration model in rats

Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) is an organic topical hemostatic agent that has become available in recent years. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of ABS in a liver laceration model in rats with that of fibrin glue (FG), which is currently being used widely in clinics. Thirty-two Wistar Albino type rats were randomly divided into four groups. In the Sham group (Group 1), only the liver was explored. In the other study groups (Groups 2, 3 and 4), three incisions were performed, each 1 cm long and 2 mm deep, on the front of the left lobe of the livers. In Groups 2 and 3, ABS and FG were used as hemostatic agents, respectively. No materials were used for the injuries in the Control Group (Group 4). Bleeding periods, changes in the hematocrit levels, intraabdominal adhesion levels, and histopathological effects were taken into consideration. There was no significant difference between the period of hemostasis in Groups 2 and 3, whereas the same period was evidently longer in Group 4 (17 (15-20) sec, 18 (16-20) sec, 70 (64-74) seconds, respectively; p<0.05). No significant difference was detected between the groups regarding intraabdominal adhesion levels (Group 1: 1 (0-1), Group 2: 2 (1-3), Group 3: 2 (1-3), Group 4: 2 (1-3); p>0.05). Microscopic evaluations revealed similar histopathological effects of ABS and FG on the liver and surrounding tissues (p>0.05). The topical hemostatic effectiveness of ABS was shown to be comparable to FG in a liver laceration model in rats. There was no significant difference between these materials regarding adhesion formation in intraabdominal use or histopathological effects.