Alba Seeds Research Articles

Nephroprotective activity of Sinapis alba in gentamicin induced murine model of renotoxicity

Sinapis alba, belongs to the family Brassicaceae and is known to possess an antioxidant capacity. Based on this background, this study was planned to look for the nephroprotective activity of Sinapis alba seed extract against nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin in rats. Sinapis alba seeds were dried in the shade and then powdered. Then, the powder was subjected to extraction with 95% ethanol and brought to a syrup consistency by distilling the solvent and reducing the pressure using a water bath. Animals were divided into four groups. Each group had six animals in it. Group 1 serves as normal control, while the next group was disease control (received gentamicin). The rats in third and fourth groups were treated with the extract of Sinapis alba (200 and 400 mg/kg). The animals were sacrificed, and biochemical and histopathological studies were carried out after the 8th day of study. Results of the study showed positive effects with 200 mg/kg as well as 400 mg/kg doses of Sinapis alba extract. Serum urea, creatinine, and BUN was reduced significantly in the test group compared to the group which received gentamicin (p<0.05). Moreover, this biochemical evidence was also validated with the histopathological results indicated with the absence of necrosis and casts in the tubular lumen. Ethanolic extract of Sinapis alba administered by the oral route in an experimental murine model using gentamicin as an instigator of damage to the kidney, effectively reduced renal damage in rats, therefore provides a scientific evidence of a renoprotective effect.

Preparation of chiral alcohols by enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketones with Sinapis alba seeds as biocatalyst

The objective of this work is to apply yellow mustard seeds in the enzymatic reduction (biocatalysis) of acetophenone and its derivatives, providing a new biocatalyst for this type of reduction. The reaction parameters were optimized from acetophenone, resulting in 1-phenylethanol, with 68.5% conversion yield and 53% enantiomeric excess (e.e.), analyzed by GC and HPLC, respectively. Reactions to acetophenone and its derivatives were conducted in aqueous medium using buffers pH 6.0 and pH 6.5 in the presence of PVP. A polymer that can act as a protector preventing oxidation of peroxidase enzymes. The results for the derivatives presented low yields (4–18%: substances 5, 7 and 8), moderate (28–40%: substances 3, 4 and 6) and optimum (81%: substance 2) yields, with enantiomeric excesses varying from good to excellent results. Meta-substituted derivatives showed inversion of configuration in the presence of PVP. The biocatalyst was also tested in reactions with other carbonyl compounds, presenting moderate results. In this way, this work offers a new perspective of the application of PVP in biocatalysis reactions and a new biocatalyst for future applications.

Rapid and undamaged identification of the Semen cuscutae and its adulterants based on image analysis and electronic nose analysis

In this paper, image analysis and electronic nose analysis were used to develop a rapid, reliable and undamaged method of identifying the Semen cuscutae and its adulterants including radish seed and Sinapis alba seeds. The results showed that the highest identification rate was 100% for the training set and 96.5% for the test set based on image analysis and various chemometric techniques including principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbor, random forests, artificial neural network and support vector machine analysis. LDA analysis based on electronic nose analysis exhibited better discrimination result, ranging from 95.5–100% for the correct classification rate and 95.4–100% for the cross-validation rate, respectively. LDA model based on electronic nose data from 16 to 30 s was the best, and both the correct classification rate and cross-validation rate reached 100%. These results provided a simple, fast and non-destructive method to identify the true and false of Semen cuscutae, which can serve as a reference to identify the authenticity of the medicinal plants.

Phytochemical Evaluation of Morus alba Seeds and Cold Pressed Oil

This study has focused on Morus alba, which is grown in Turkey mostly for fruit production. M. alba seeds’ analysis results showed that oil, protein, ash, ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid, total carbohydrate were 21%, 21.58±0.13g, 3.99±0.13g, 0.9±0.00g, 54.76±2.42 g/100g respectively, main minerals were calcium, phosphorus and potassium. Dominated fatty acids were linoleic acid (80.56±0.22), palmitic acid (7.96±0.06), oleic acid (7.11±0.05). The primary volatiles were l-limonene, 2,2-dimethyldecane, hexanal. Sterol components were found as beta-sitosterol>delta-5-avenasterol>campesterol>cholestanol with 5501.49±44.26 mg/kg total sterols. Tocopherols were δ-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, total phenolic content, the radical scavenging activity were 257.67±4.51, 18.23±0.11, 6.71±0.13, 3.23±0.06 mg/kg, 137.1±0.36 mgGAE/100goil, 19.9±0.46% respectively. Other physicochemical properties were free fatty acid (1.55±0.89% oleic acid), peroxide value (3.23±0.55 meqO2/kg oil), p-anisidine value (1.18±0.55) and refractive index (400C) (1.4687±0.00). As a result, M. alba seeds and oil with its fatty acid, tocopherol, sterol and mineral composition can be used as nutritional supplements.

Antiproliferative, Proapoptotic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effects of Sinapis nigra L. and Sinapis alba L. Extracts.

High Brassicaceae consumption reduces the risk of developing several cancer types, probably due to high levels of glucosinolates. Extracts from Sinapis nigra L. (S. nigra) and Sinapis alba L. (S. alba) have been obtained from leaves and seeds under different conditions using ethanol/water mixtures because their glucosinolates are well accepted by the food industry. The EtOH/H2O 8:2 mixture gives better yields in glucosinolate amounts from ground seeds, mainly, sinalbin in S. alba and sinigrin in S. nigra. The highest antiproliferative activity in both non-tumor and tumor cell lines was induced by S. alba seeds extract. To evaluate whether the effect of Sinapis species (spp) was only due to glucosinolate content or whether it was influenced by the extracts’ complexity, cells were treated with extracts or glucosinolates, in the presence of myrosinase. Pure sinigrin did not modify cell proliferation, while pure sinalbin was less effective than the extract. The addition of myrosinase increased the antiproliferative effects of the S. nigra extract and sinigrin. Antiproliferative activity was correlated to Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases modulation, which was cell and extract-dependent. Cell-cycle analysis evidenced a proapoptotic effect of S. alba on both tumor cell lines and of S. nigra only on HCT 116. Both extracts showed good antimicrobial activity in disc diffusion tests and on ready-to-eat fresh salad. These results underline the potential effects of Sinapis spp in chemoprevention and food preservation.

Seed storage behaviour of eight peatland pool specialists: Implications for restoration

Seed introduction is a current practice for the conservation and restoration of plant populations and communities. In many cases, however, seeds of target wild species must be collected from natural populations and then stored in proper conditions until re-introduction. Peatland pool margin specialists rarely recolonize their habitat once a peatland is restored following peat extraction and therefore must be actively reintroduced. However, little is known about the storage conditions promoting seed viability. In this context, we investigated the effects of four storage conditions on the seed viability of eight species collected from natural peatland pool margins of eastern Canada: 1) room temperature, dry conditions, 2) cold temperature, dry conditions, 3) cold temperature, moist conditions, and 4) cold temperature, submerged. Seeds stored for one year were periodically (3, 6, 12 months) tested for viability using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Seed viability decreased after storage for four of the eight species investigated (Carex echinata, C. magellanica, C. oligosperma, and C. pauciflora) and increased for Rhynchospora alba, but did not vary significantly following storage for C. limosa and Scheuchzeria palustris. Furthermore, the viability of Drosera intermedia and Rhynchospora alba seeds was higher when stored in dry conditions relative to moist or submerged conditions. Proper seed storage conditions are thus highly species-dependent. Direct sowing after collection should be preferred for most of the Carex species, while seeds of Scheuchzeria palustris, Drosera intermedia and Rhynchospora alba could be stored, preferably in dry conditions, without impacting introduction success due to reduced seed viability.

Salinity Effects on Germination of Artemisia herba–alba Asso: Important Pastoral Shrub from North African Rangelands

Artemisia herba–alba Asso (known in Arabic as Shih) is an evergreen aromatic shrub endemic in North African rangelands with high pastoral and medicinal relevance. The present work was designed to determine the effect of four soluble salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, MgCl2, and CaCl2) on germination of A. herba–alba seeds. Four concentrations (0, 50, 10, and 150 mM) of each salt were used to test the influence of salinities on germination percentage (GP), rate of germination (RG), and germination tolerance index (GTI %). The experiment was conducted in a controlled incubator with a 12h–photoperiod under 15°C dark/25°C light. The results showed that both GP and (RG) decreased significantly with salinity, and the highest GP was observed in the distilled water control (~80%). The germination tolerance index (GTI %) revealed that A. herba–alba seeds were more tolerant to CaCl2 than other soluble salts. Comparatively, at high salt concentrations, MgCl2 and Na2SO4 were generally the most toxic salts followed by NaCl and CaCl2. The germination of A. herba–alba over a wide range of soluble salts suggests that this species can establish in salt-degraded soils. Therefore, this species appears a promising candidate for the rehabilitation of rangeland with saline soils.

Electromagnetic field pretreatment of Sinapis alba seeds improved cadmium phytoextraction

ABSTRACTIt was hypothesized that electromagnetic field (EMF) pretreatment of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds could increase the accumulation of non-essential, pollutant heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) in shoots. Seeds of white mustard were treated with either 60 or 120 mT of alternating EMF (50 Hz) for 1 minute and then grown in a Petri dish in the presence of Cd, in comparison to the control (seeds grown without EMF pretreatment). Biomass production and content of calcium (Ca) and Cd in seedling shoots were measured. The Cd content in shoots from the EMF-treated seeds was higher in both variants than in the control (by 73% and 78%, respectively; p < 0.05). In plants treated with 60 mT, the Ca content was slightly, but significantly, lower (3%) than in the control. EMF stimulation did not affect the biomass production. The results have shown potential benefits of this physical seed pretreatment method in the context of cadmium phytoextraction, but more research is needed.

Cadmium and Nickel Toxicity for Sinapis alba Plants Inoculated with Endophytic Strains of Bacillus subtilis

We studied the effect of cadmium and nickel on Sinapis alba L. plants inoculated with endophytic strains of Bacillus subtilis. It was shown that treatment of S. alba seeds with endophytic strains of bacteria B. subtilis improves plant resistance to the toxic effect of cadmium and nickel and reduces manifestation of oxidative stress in the presence of higher levels of metal ions in the above-ground part of plants. Anti-stress effect and the ability of endophytic strains of B. subtilis to intensify uptake of cadmium and nickel ions by S. alba plants may be used for phytoextraction of heavy metals and stimulation of plant growth in contaminated areas.

Qualitative aspects of the effectiveness of Culpeo foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) as dispersers of Prosopis alba (Fabaceae) in a Bolivian dry valley

Foxes disperse several plant species in arid and semi-arid environments, but their effectiveness as dispersal agents still remains unclear. In this study, we examined qualitative components of the effectiveness of L. culpaeus as a disperser of P. alba seeds in an inter-Andean dry valley of La Paz, Bolivia. Specifically, we determined seed deposition microhabitats, and the probabilities of germination, seed removal and seedling recruitment in these microhabitats. Additionally, we assessed the effect of gut-passage on P. alba germination. We collected 159 scats, which contained a total of 3402 endocarps fragments. Foxes dispersed seeds into two microhabitats: open areas and under woody vegetation, but more frequently in the former. The probability of germination did not differ between gut-passed and control seeds, but control seeds germinated faster than gut-passed ones. The likelihood of removal was greater for endocarps fragments in open microhabitats than under woody vegetation. Only a small percentage of the seeds in each microhabitat germinated, but none survived more than a week. We conclude that although the Culpeo fox can defecate intact P. alba seeds, it does not provide effective dispersal services.

The influence of alcoholic extract from leaves of Helianthus annuus L. on germination and growth of Sinapis alba L.

The knowledge of plants interactions is used for their better protection and cultivation. Theaim of this study was to determine the influence of alcoholic extracts from the leaves of thecommon sunflower (Helianthus annuus) on selected physiological parameters of plants ofwhite mustard (Sinapis alba ‘Barka’). The seeds germination, the growth, the fresh and drymasses of plants grown from seeds and germinated on the sunflower extracts and plantswatered by H. annuus extracts during the growth phase were studied. In the growth phase, thefresh masses of all organs were increased on 5 % extract, however significantly decreasedon 10 % extract. The dry mass of S. alba was not significantly changed. In the germinationphase, much less changes of these parameters were revealed. In general, extracts fromH. annuus leaves inhibited germination of S. alba seeds, but stimulated growth of plants incase of application of 5 % concentrations during the germination phase and inhibited theirgrowth in case of application of 10 % concentrations during the growth phase.

EFFECT OF PLANTING DATE, GA3, KNO3 ON SEED GERMINATION AND PLANTS GROWTH OF BAUHINIA spp

Seeds of B. purpurea L. of red flowers and B. alba ofwhite flowers cultured at fourth planting date, (1/8/2011), (1/10/2011), (1/12/2011), (1/3/2012) and treated with 100 and 200 mg/L KNO3 or 50 and 100 mg/L GA3 in addition to control treatment (socking in distilled water) to find best rate of germination and growth of the seedlings: the results indicated the highest germination percentage was 83.16 % from planting B. alba seeds. Highest germination percentage was 82.33 % obtained from culture seeds at fourth planting date. Highest germination percentage 66.45 % were achieved from control treatment and which was not significantly different with seeds treatment with 200 mg/L KNO3 or 100 mg/L. Also highest germination percentage 100 % were achieved from planting B. alba at fourth date and treated with 200 mg/L KNO3. Culture seeds of B. purpurea at fourth date and treated with 100 mg/L gave 100 % germination percentage. The lowest number of days for germination were obtained from planting seeds B. alba and B. purpurea at first date for different treatments compared with other dates. Highest length of seedlings and leaves number were achieved from planting B. alba and B. purpurea at first date of different treatment compared with other dates.

Lipid Classes, Fatty Acids, Tocopherols Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Lawsonia alba Seed Oils Growing in Algeria

Background: Lawsonia alba seed oils are not widely used commercially even though they have characteristics that well suit for industrial applications and can contribute to healthy human diets. The most important aim of the present work is the evaluation of the tocopherols composition of these oils. Moreover, lipid classes, fatty acids compositions and antioxidant activity of the seed oils were also investigated. Methods: Lawsonia alba seed oils were extracted with Soxhlet device using n-hexane and chloroform/methanol. Tocopherols were analyzed by HPLC, and then their antioxidant activities were determined using two different assays: DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), and Phosphomolybdenum. Results: The content of the oils ranged from 7.52 to 10.45%. Polyunsaturated fatty acids dominated all the studied samples. Linoleic, followed by palmitic and oleic, were the major fatty acids found in the crude seed oils and their lipid classes. Results of tocopherols identification showed that the seed oils were rich in tocopherols, especially γ- and δ- tocopherols. For DPPH assay, the antioxidant powers varied from medium to low values (IC50 = 0.11 to >31.96 mg/mL). The results of the Phosphomolybdenum assay showed very important activities of the oils that were decreasing in the following order: polar lipids > neutral lipids (Chloroform/Methanol) > total lipids > neutral lipids (n-hexane). Conclusion: this current report reveals the richness of the Lawsonia alba seeds in tocopherols, which in fact is studied for the first time. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed that fatty acid composition of the seed oils of Lawsonia alba were very close to those of Walnut.

Lipid Classes, Fatty Acids, Tocopherols Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Lawsonia alba Seed Oils Growing in Algeria

Lipid Classes, Fatty Acids, Tocopherols Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Lawsonia alba Seed Oils Growing in Algeria

Purification and biochemical characterization of phytocystatin from Brassica alba.

Phytocystatins belong to the family of cysteine proteinases inhibitors. They are ubiquitously found in plants and carry out various significant physiological functions. These plant derived inhibitors are gaining wide consideration as potential candidate in engineering transgenic crops and in drug designing. Hence it is crucial to identify these inhibitors from various plant sources. In the present study a phytocystatin has been isolated and purified by a simple two-step procedure using ammonium sulfate saturation and gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-100HR from Brassica alba seeds (yellow mustard seeds).The protein was purified to homogeneity with 60.3% yield and 180-fold of purification. The molecular mass of the mustard seed cystatin was estimated to be nearly 26,000 Da by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as well as by gel filtration chromatography. The stokes radius and diffusion coefficient of the mustard cystatin were found to be 23A° and 9.4 × 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1) respectively. The isolated phytocystatin was found to be stable in the pH range of 6-8 and is thermostable up to 60 °C. Kinetic analysis revealed that the phytocystatin exhibited non-competitive type of inhibition and inhibited papain more efficiently (K(i) = 3 × 10(-7) M) than ficin (K(i) = 6.6 × 10(-7) M) and bromelain (K(i) = 7.7 × 10(-7) M respectively). CD spectral analysis shows that it possesses 17.11% alpha helical content.

Study of metal mobility and phytotoxicity in bottom sediments that have been influenced by former mining activities in Eastern Slovakia

The aim of this study was to determine the mobility of metals in contaminated sediments in the water reservoir Ružin No.I, which is situated on the Hornad and Hnilec Rivers (Eastern Slovakia). Bottom sediments are contaminated above all by heavy metals, namely As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn and Zn, which were alluvial into the reservoir from localities of former mining activities, and thus they represent ecological load mainly at the inputs into reservoir. The mobilities and solid-state distributions of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn ions in impoundment materials were investigated using a five-step sequential extraction procedure. The greatest quantity of Hg was released in the organic–sulfide fraction (F4), in the range of 75.2–87.6 % in both samples. The highest percentage of the total metal content for As, Cr, and Sb was between 82.0 and 94.6 % in the fifth step for both samples also. Cu and Pb were released in the greatest quantities in the third step in the reducible fraction, from 45 to 65.7 % in sample HN and up to 68–50 % in sample HR. High bioavailability was observed for copper, zinc, lead, and cadmium. Nickel, arsenic, antimony, and chromium were only extracted in the residue fraction and displayed low bioavailability. The bioavailability of the metals in the sediments followed the sequence: Cu > Hg > Pb > Cd > Zn > Ni > As > Cr > Sb. The sediment phytotoxicity was evaluated based on the germination of seeds and decreases in the root growth of the plant Sinapis alba. The percentage inhibition of seed germination was 8.9–41.1 % in the 2010–2011 HR samples and 9.1–45.1 % in the 2010–2011 HN samples, which was higher than the inhibition of root growth. In the majority of tested Sinapis alba seeds, the metals displayed no phytotoxic effect. This indicates that the Sinapis alba test still exhibited a strong tolerance to contaminated sediment as this plant species has developed distinct detoxification mechanisms.

Effect Of Environmental Load On The Toxicity Of Bottom Sediments

Abstract This study is devoted to Ecotoxicity tests, Terrestrial Plant Test (modification of OECD 208), Phytotoxkit microbiotest on Sinapis alba and chronic tests of Earthworm (Eisenia veneta), modification of OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals 317, Bioaccumulation in Terrestrial Oligochaetes on polluted sediments. Earthworms can accelerate the removal of contaminants from soil. The study materials are river sediments, which were obtained from a monitoring station - the Water reservoir the Ružín No.1 particularly, the river Hornád, Hnilec and sample from sludge bed Rudňany. The samples of sediment were used to assess of the potential phytotoxic effect of heavy metals on higher plants. Total mortality was established in earthworms using chronic toxicity test after 7 and 28 exposure days. Based on the phytotoxicity testing, phytotoxic effects of the metals contaminated sediments from the sludge bed Rudňany on S. alba seeds was observed. The largest concentration differences were recorded in the sample R7 after 7 days earthworms exposure. The earthworms mortality was not influenced by sediment neither after 7 nor 28 exposure days The spectra of samples H, HO and R showed broad peak at 1 419 - 1 512 cm−1 characteristic for carbonate radical. In the spectra of the samples (R and R7) the vibration of C-H groups at 2 926 and 2 921 cm−1, respectively were also observed, demonstrating the presence of organic matter. Our research will continue with determination of metals concentration in earthworms.

Gas chromatograph analysis on closed nitrous oxide and air atmospheres of recalcitrant Quercus alba seeds

Storage of recalcitrant seeds remains an unsolved problem. The study of gaseous atmospheres could provide insights in understanding the metabolism of recalcitrant seeds and their potential in being used as means for storage. This study investigated the metabolism of the recalcitrant Quercus alba seeds when subjected under nitrous oxide (N2O) and air atmospheres. Seeds were placed in sealed atmospheric flasks of 98/2% N2O/O2. Three experiments were conducted to determine N2O uptake in relation to oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. For the first experiment, “non-renewed” closed atmospheric systems with 98/2% N2O/O2 and air were used. Two more experiments were also conducted for the 98/2% N2O/O2 atmosphere to determine how rate of gas renewal (two and seven days) affects the N2O, O2, and CO2 gases quantitatively. Cumulative results on non-renewed flasks with 98/2% N2O/O2 showed that as time progressed, N2O uptake increased with variation in the magnitude of N2O utilization throughout the 37 experimental days, while seeds ceased O2 utilization by the 11th day. However, CO2 levels did not decrease, suggesting a shift toward fermentation processes. Finally, the two experiments for the 98/2% N2O/O2 indicated that the O2 levels did not deplete under a two-day gas renewal, suggesting a frequent gas renewal under low O2 storage conditions.

Effects of Auricular Acupressure Using Sinapsis alba Seeds on Obesity and Self-Efficacy in Female College Students

To examine the effects of auricular acupressure with Sinapsis alba seeds on obesity and self-efficacy. Randomized controlled trial. College settings located in metropolitan areas of Korea. A total of 49 female college students who were overweight or obese (body-mass index [BMI] ≥25.0 kg/m(2)) were recruited and randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=25) or the control group (n=24). The experimental group applied three S. alba seeds to each of five auricular points (Shenmen, mouth, stomach, endocrine, and small intestine points). These participants were asked to stimulate those points 10 times at a rate of two times per second 30 minutes before mealtime, three times daily, for 1 month. They performed the procedure for each earlobe for alternating weeks (a total of 2 weeks' treatment for each ear). The obesity index included weight (kg), BMI (kg/m(2)), percentage body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio. Self-efficacy was measured by using a self-efficacy scale. Female students in the experimental group showed significant decreases in weight (t=10.76; p<0.001) and BMI (t=9.60; p<0.001) and significant improvement in self-efficacy (t=1.85; p<0.05) compared with those in the control group. However, percentage body fat (t=1.27; p>0.05) and waist-to-hip ratio (t=0.60; p>0.05) changes did not significantly differ between the two groups. These findings suggest that auricular acupressure using S. alba seeds may be an effective intervention for decreasing weight and BMI and increasing self-efficacy of overweight and obese individuals.

Resin Glycosides of Ipomoea alba Seeds as Mammalian Resistance Modifying Agents

Resin Glycosides of Ipomoea alba Seeds as Mammalian Resistance Modifying Agents