Alarm Calls Research Articles

The marine fish Terapon theraps calling in tropical Australia

Calling by fish of the family Terapontidae, primarily Terapon theraps, is a dominant component of sea noise recorded in northern Australian tropical coastal waters. These fish produce nightly choruses over a few hours at frequencies from 50 Hz to a few kilohertz, with spectral peaks up to 30 dB above background. Choruses are heard over muddy bottoms <30 m depth. The two commonly heard calls range from 73–260 ms in length and comprised 11–21 pulses with repetition rates of 87–121 Hz. Calls were produced by muscle action on a two chambered swim bladder, and differed by muscle contraction rates, damping, and possibly the opening state of a sphincter separating chambers. Swimbladder carrier frequencies varied from 570–1465 Hz. Source levels varied from 141–154 dB re 1 mPa @ 1 m. Heavily damped alarm calls were sometimes heard. Chorusing fish schools were up to 2 km across although they were diffuse and actively calling fish extended beyond this region. A chorus could be detected out to 8 km from its center, well beyond the detection range of an individual call. Choruses may advertise school location during spawning, be used for mate attraction or mediate gamete release in dark turbid waters.

Protocolo diagnóstico del dolor torácico agudo en urgencias

Chest pain is a very common cause for consultation in hospital emergency departments (HEDs). It is estimated that it represents about 5% to 20% of the total volume of visits per year. As it has a highly varied etiology, it represents a diagnostic challenge. For this reason, verifying alarm signs that are able to identify situations that are life threatening to the patient per se is an initial priority in order to determine whether there is a need for emergency action or not. In HEDs, it is important to have a diagnostic protocol for this type of situation, as it encompasses time-sensitive diseases that not only the patient's quality of life, but also their survival depend on.

Alarm Signals to Postpone Feeding Plate Fabrication and Nasoalveolar Molding.

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Development and Evaluation of a Mobile App for Radiotherapy Patient Education

Radiotherapy is an area that is at times complex, with multiple steps to take and great variety of side effect profiles between treatments. It is also an area that patients know little about before their first consultation. This makes it confusing and due to time constraints physicians may not always have the time to fully explain everything that should be covered. Patients may then persist with doubts or recur to online information, which is at times inaccurate. It was hypothesized that there is a high informational need among radiotherapy patients that could be aided by using a mobile app. A mobile app for Android and IOS was developed to address patient informational needs called Canswer. The mobile app format was chosen due to ease of access for patients and to integrate all the information formats (infographics, videos, and 3D models) on a single hub. Patients that came to their first radio-oncology consultation were gifted the app through the app store to review at home and asked to fill out a survey in a third level public hospital in Mexico. Likert scales were used to analyze patient perception using validated questionnaires. A subsequent survey was performed after the start of their treatment to evaluate how their perceptions changed and their final opinion on the app. On the analysis of 100 patients the average age of respondents was 50 years. Regarding the medical consultation 45% agreed/strongly agreed that it was too short, 33% that everything was not fully explained, and 31% had doubts after it ended. 24% reported they were not sure which symptoms were urgent or when to visit the ER. Concerning informational needs 81% of patients reported they would like to receive more information to review at home and 93% that the app will be useful. The patients wished to know more about: alarm signs during treatment (70%), treatment process (70%), managing side effects (67%), and anxiety/depression (38%). The app currently holds a 5.0 score with 58 reviews on the app store and 90% of patients would recommend the app to a family member. 75% of patients reported using the app after their initial consultation. The average content reviewed was 67% of the total content. The section that was the most well received was the infographics. 78% reported they felt calmer after reviewing the information. Regarding feedback patients wished more information on nutrition was included and more images were added. Based on the results there is a high informational need among patients and the app helped them review the most important information at home. A common finding among the patients was that they persisted with doubts after their appointment and that it was too short to fully explain everything radiotherapy entails. In general, the app was well received but there is still room for improvement. Future updates and investigations based on these initial findings are warranted to expand into other areas of cancer care.

Awareness Among Primary Care Physicians Regarding the Alarm Symptoms and Signs of Rhinosinusitis.

Background Rhinosinusitis is a common condition. Primary care physicians (PCPs) play a vital role in diagnosing and managing rhinosinusitis, including identifying alarm symptoms and signs. However, limited research exists on PCPs' awareness of these alarm symptoms. Objectives This study aimed to assess the awareness of PCPs in Saudi Arabia regarding the alarm symptoms and signs of rhinosinusitis and identify knowledge gaps. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 153 PCPs in Taif, Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire covering demographic data and multiple-choice questions on alarm symptoms and signs of rhinosinusitis was administered. Knowledge level was assessed based on the score of the responses to knowledge items. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The study revealed a low awareness of alarm symptoms and signs of rhinosinusitis among PCPs. Knowledge gaps were observed in recognizing symptoms and appropriate referral pathways. Participants showed inadequate awareness of severe headaches, frontal swelling, anosmia, cacosmia, and nasal bleeding or crustation as alarm symptoms. The average knowledge score was 4.57 ± 1.91 out of 10. Conclusion The study highlights the need to improve PCP awareness of alarm symptoms and signs of rhinosinusitis in Saudi Arabia. Educational programs should be developed to address knowledge gaps and enhance understanding of guidelines, facilitating early identification and referral of severe cases and improving patient outcomes.

Sleep problems at ages 8–9 and ADHD symptoms at ages 10–11: evidence in three cohorts from INMA study

Sleep problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are interrelated during childhood and preadolescence. The objective of this work is assessing if sleep problems at ages 8–9 represent an alarm sign for presenting ADHD problems at ages 10–11 in three cohorts from INMA Study. Participants were 1244 children from Gipuzkoa, Sabadell, and Valencia cohorts. Sleep problems were assessed (ages 8–9) with the sleep items of the Child’s Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), and ADHD problems were collected through the Conner’s Parent Rating Scales-Revised: Short Form (CPRS-R:S) (age 10–11). Minimally and fully adjusted negative binomial models were fitted for each CPRS-R:S scale. Linearity of the relationship was assessed with generalized additive models (cubic smoothing splines with 2, 3, and 4 knots). For sensitivity analyses, children with previous symptoms, those born preterm and small for gestational age, and cases with extreme values, were excluded. Sleep problems presented IRR (95% CI) of 1.14 (1.10–1.19), 1.20 (1.14–1.26), 1.18 (1.11–1.25), and 1.18 (1.13–1.23) for opposition, inattention, hyperactivity, and ADHD scales, respectively. Fully adjusted models slightly decreased the IRR, but the association remained similar and significant. Sensitivity analyses showed similar results to fully adjusted models with only hyperactivity shown a slight decrease on significance (p = 0.051) when ADHD cases at age 9 were excluded. Conclusion: Sleep problems are an alarm sign for later neurodevelopment problems such as ADHD. Healthcare systems could take advantage implementing policies to pay special attention on the sleep habits and sleep hygiene. This could contribute to add evidence to public health programmes such as the Healthy Child Programme.What is Known:• Sleep problems and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are common problems during childhood and preadolescence, with prevalences of 20-40% and 3.0-7.5%, respectively.• Sleep problems are even more common in children with ADHD condition.What is New:• Sleep problems at ages 8-9 increased the risk of ADHD symptoms at ages 10-11.• This association remained strong even when considering child’s previous (5 years) and concurrent (8-9 years) ADHD symptoms, and other clinical conditions, such as being born preterm or small for gestational age.

Emphysematous osteomyelitis: a rare and aggressive disease

Emphysematous osteomyelitis is an extremely rare entity consisting of the presence of intraosseous gas that can extend to the joints and adjacent soft tissues. It is an aggressive infectious process associated with high mortality, especially in patients with risk factors such as tumors or diabetes mellitus. Because early diagnosis and immediate treatment are crucial to prevent the potentially devastating consequences of this condition, imaging tests such as computed tomography play a fundamental role in its diagnosis and management. Therefore, radiologists must be aware that intraosseous gas is a rare but alarming sign that is pathognomonic of emphysematous osteomyelitis, especially in the axial skeleton.

A Struggling Phase Of A Tourism Village: A Case Study On Kemiri Tourism Village Jember

Since its opening on March 2021, Kemiri Tourism Village was, still, facing a number of problematic issues. The decreasing number of visitors was an alarming sign for the destination. Investigating the current condition of the tourism village was essential to get a comprehensive picture of what really happened. Based on that purpose, this case study was conducted by utilizing the concept of 4 As tourism components covering attraction, accessibility, amenities, and ancillary. The data was collected through interview with Kelompok Sadar Wisata (Pokdarwis), tourism awareness group, of Kemiri, observation to the destination, and content analysis on visitors’ reviews and other accessible sources regarding the tourism village. The results of the data analysis showed that the tourism village faced a number of issues based on the 4 As tourism components. Regarding the attraction, the tourism village needed to discover its unique attractiveness to make the destination distinctive from other tourism villages. In addition, when dealing with amenities, Kemiri Tourism Village should make a big effort to rebuild the destination due to the fact that there were a number of facilities that did not exist any longer when compared to its initial condition. Widening and strengthening partnerships were also essential to achieve better networking that would be beneficial to improve promotions.

Risk factors and alarm signs associated with suicide

Introduction: suicide is the second cause of death in Ecuador, according to the INEC the statistics of death by suicide in adolescents from 10 to 19 years old is 13,1 % because this stage brings with it physical and psychological changes causing drastic behavior changes, which are influenced by factors and signs associated with suicide.Objective: to determine the risk factors and warning signs associated with suicide in adolescents at the Héroes del Cenepa Educational Unit located in the Pastaza province, Mera canton.Methods: quantitative approach, descriptive study design, cross-sectional, study population of 160 adolescents in the middle stage between the ages of 14 and 18, high school students of the Héroes del Cenepa Educational Unit.Results: the findings for most relevant risk factors and warning signs of suicide were neglected personal appearance (24,38 %) (Personal Domain), intrafamily violence - verbal and psychological (23,13 %) (Family Domain); mistreatment at school (bullying) - sometimes (53,13 %), the suicidal risk according to the Plutchik scale is 33,75 % (Mild/moderate) and according to the Beck A. scale it is 67,50 %. (Suicide Risk Predictor – moderate and severe hopelessness).Conclusions: the investigated population presents predominant risk factors. Suicidal risk (Plutchik and Beck A. Scales) is high, it is recommended to implement health care programs to reduce the incidence of suicide

Caught between academic calling and academic pressure? Working time characteristics, time pressure and time sovereignty predict PhD students’ research engagement

PhD students come to work in academic environments that are characterized by long working hours and work done on non-standard hours due to increasing job demands and metric evaluation systems. Yet their long working hours and work at non-standard hours are often seen as a logical consequence of their intellectual quest and academic calling and may even serve as a proxy for their research engagement. Against that background, quantitative data from 514 PhD students were used to unravel the complex relationships between different aspects of time use and PhD students’ work engagement. While the results support the academia as a calling thesis to some extent, they also show that the relationships between long and non-standard working hours and research engagement are partly negated by the fact that the same working time characteristics lead to perceived time pressure and lack of time sovereignty, which in turn negatively affects their engagement. Moreover, the mechanism behind this negation varies across scientific disciplines. These subjective working time characteristics are the same alarm signals that are flagged as risk factors in academic staff for occupational stress, burnout, and work-life imbalance and thus cannot be ignored.

Caste composition contributes to improve the social immunity in a nasute termite species exposed to entomopathogenic fungus

Abstract The evolution of a reproductively altruistic caste contributed to the success of eusociality through the division of labour. In termites, the proportion of soldiers in the colonies increased throughout the group's evolution. In Nasutitermitinae, soldiers have a crucial role in defence, resource selection and foraging. However, the role of soldiers and workers in colony immunity is still poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the role of mixed caste groups in the social immunity of Nasutitermes corniger (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) exposed to the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.). We tested the hypothesis that the presence of workers and soldiers optimizes defence against pathogens, and this defence is increased when the soldier ratio is closer to what naturally occurs in colonies. Our results showed that mixed caste groups of N. corniger exposed to M. anisopliae survive longer compared to groups with only one caste. In addition, termite groups that died from fungi were less likely to show fungal infection in mixed caste groups. The behavioural observations suggest that in the natural proportion of soldiers, allogrooming and trophallaxis play a crucial role in the control of disease and its death hazard in termites. Soldiers may play an important role in colony immunity, being able to start the alarm signal indicating the threat of pathogens. Our results show that the presence of the two castes promotes possible mechanisms for socially mediated immunity. This study may help in the understanding of the function of the soldiers and workers and the significance of pathogens in termite eusocial evolution.

Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Systemic Signaling.

Cellular damage inflicted by wounding, pathogen infection, and herbivory releases a variety of host-derived metabolites, degraded structural components, and peptides into the extracellular space that act as alarm signals when perceived by adjacent cells. These so-called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) function through plasma membrane localized pattern recognition receptors to regulate wound and immune responses. In plants, DAMPs act as elicitors themselves, often inducing immune outputs such as calcium influx, reactive oxygen species generation, defense gene expression, and phytohormone signaling. Consequently, DAMP perception results in a priming effect that enhances resistance against subsequent pathogen infections. Alongside their established function in local tissues, recent evidence supports a critical role of DAMP signaling in generation and/or amplification of mobile signals that induce systemic immune priming. Here, we summarize the identity, signaling, and synergy of proposed and established plant DAMPs, with a focus on those with published roles in systemic signaling.

Silent ICU based on IEEE 11073 SDC

Abstract Patients and caregivers suffer from alarm-related noise in today’s hospitals. While this is a topic for all fields of care, this challenge is especially relevant for intensive care units (ICUs). The noise harms patients, hinders the recovery process, or can even lead to psychosis. For the caregivers, noise causes an enormous stress level and in combination with the high number of clinically irrelevant or false alarms it leads to alarm fatigue and desensitization. These problems result in documented deaths of patients. Therefore, we present a demonstrator of a Silent ICU. Based on a distributed alarm system, the medical devices at the bedside do not create any audio alarm signals, as long as a remote alarm notification system is connected and works properly. An ICU bed place consists of devices from different manufacturers. Thus, a standardized interconnection is necessary. Therefore, we use IEEE 11073 Service-oriented Device Connectivity (SDC) to create a cross-manufacturer distributed alarm system with components from three different companies. A fourth company provides a documentation system for this demonstrator. Patients and caregivers will greatly benefit from Silent ICUs and smart distributed alarm systems that will be build based on interoperable cross-manufacturer environments.

Employing adaptive fuzzy computing for RCP intelligent control and fault diagnosis

Loss of coolant accident (LOCA), loss of fluid accident (LOFA), and loss of vacuum accident (LOVA) are the most severe accidents that can occur in nuclear power reactors (NPRs). These accidents occur when the reactor loses its cooling media, leading to uncontrolled chain reactions akin to a nuclear bomb. This article is focused on exploring methods to prevent such accidents and ensure that the reactor cooling system remains fully controlled. The reactor coolant pump (RCP) has a pivotal role in facilitating heat exchange between the primary cycle, which is connected to the reactor core, and the secondary cycle associated with the steam generator. Furthermore, the RCP is integral to preventing catastrophic events such as LOCA, LOFA, and LOVA accidents. In this study, we discuss the most critical aspects related to the RCP, specifically focusing on RCP control and RCP fault diagnosis. The AI-based adaptive fuzzy method is used to regulate the RCP’s speed and torque, whereas the neural fault diagnosis system (NFDS) is implemented for alarm signaling and fault diagnosis in nuclear reactors. To address the limitations of linguistic and statistical intelligence approaches, an integration of the statistical approach with fuzzy logic has been proposed. This integrated system leverages the strengths of both methods. Adaptive fuzzy control was applied to the VVER 1200 NPR-RCP induction motor, and the NFDS was implemented on the Kori-2 NPR-RCP.

Water quality, governance issues, people's perception and water distribution network management through integrated techniques under changing climate

Climate change-induced quality and quantity deterioration has been emerging throughout the globe. Rising temperatures, and fluctuating rainfall patterns are alarming signs of climate change. Urbanization and industrialization under the influence of climate change have severely affected our resources. Deficiencies in management, quality and distribution network of sector I-8 Islamabad, Pakistan, were investigated. Based on the GIS mapping, appropriate locations for the installation of smart meters have been identified accompanied by awareness-raising activities and assessment of quality of supply network through standard methods. The idea of billing as per use rather than flat rates and metering was supported by 73% through survey. Bottled for drinking purpose was used by 54.9% while 86% people were using public supply for other purposes showing mistrust of people on public supply. Similarly, quality analysis showed that all the samples analyzed (n = 23) were safe chemically but 57% samples (n = 13) found contaminated microbiologically. This study is important for the policy makers to resolve the governance issues in the study area and GIS mapping can be applied on all types of supply networks around the globe.

A nonparametric EWMA control chart for monitoring mixed continuous and count data

ABSTRACT Conventional statistical process control tools monitor either continuous or count data but rarely both simultaneously. While process data are becoming increasingly complex, there will be more data points containing both continuous and count information. In the case of mixed continuous and count data with unknown distributions, the traditional parameter control chart cannot be used to monitor them. It is proposed in this paper a novel nonparametric EWMA control chart to monitor mixed continuous and count data. The mixed continuous and count data are first transformed into categorical data, and then a log-linear model is utilized to analyze correlations between variables, followed by the construction of an EWMA statistic that is used to monitor mixed continuous and count data. Next, the proposed control chart is compared with several improved control charts for monitoring mixed continuous and count data. Based on the numerical simulation results, the control chart presented in this paper provides a superior method of detecting alarm signals in the process compared to some improved control charts. Finally, the proposed control chart is demonstrated to be effective and applicable using the semiconductor manufacturing process dataset from the UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository.

Research on Fault Prevention and Maintenance System of Automatic Substation Primary Equipment Based on Decision Tree Algorithm

Abstract Electric power enterprises are developing rapidly in the era of big data information digitization. At this stage, the total number of substations is gradually increasing, the structure of the power engineering system is slowly becoming complicated, and the video monitoring system instantly collects a lot and contains a lot of noisy data information, which affects the power supply system’s access to effective data information and fault detection. To prevent the above phenomenon. This paper selects a decision tree algorithm to obtain and analyze meaningful operation-confirming information from a large amount of data information, and then can quickly and confirm the diagnosis of common fault machines and equipment in substations, reduce the running time of common fault machines, and improve the safety and reliability of primary equipment in substations with automation technology. The paper describes the basic concept of big data mining common algorithm and its data mining algorithm in the automation technology substation primary equipment fault detection, selected the typical alarm signal to start the analysis, and categorization and collocation solution. A decision tree algorithm entity model is built, several classical decision tree algorithms are described, and their data analysis is carried out for each attribute, and then the decision tree algorithm is improved. According to build the decision tree algorithm according to improve the decision tree algorithm under the fuzzy set base theory, mainly by expertise in the four on cannot identify the association, rough set and up close and down close, similar and membership relationship, expertise concise to optimize the calculation method. And the common ID3, C4.5, and CRAT algorithm of each property is compared and analyzed, and the results show that: compared with C4.5 and ID3, the boosted optimization algorithm has higher classification accuracy and can model rate more quickly. The research in this paper can quickly diagnose the automation technology substation primary equipment and fault phenomena, and its establishment of the whole process is easy, the scope of application is relatively high, and it has wide applicability.

113 Exploratory laparoscopy in suspected bowel obstruction secondary to a transmesenteric hernia

Abstract Background Transmesenteric hernias (TH) in adults are an uncommon subtype of internal hernia that can be life-threatening because of the risk of bowel ischemia if not correctly diagnosed. Case report A 79-year-old man came to the emergency department with abdominal pain associated with vomiting and constipation for 24 hours. Physical examination showed no alarm signs. However, due to the presence of leukocytosis with neutrophilia and an abdominal X-ray with suspected obstruction, an abdominal CT scan was requested. Given the radiological finding of a defect in the mesentery through which a portion of the mesentery and several loops of bowel were introduced, an exploratory laparoscopy was indicated on suspicion of TH. Intraoperatively, 150 cm from the ileocecal valve, a 30 cm congestive segment of jejunum was observed, which was inserted in a 4 cm long eyelet in the omentum. Reduction of the herniated small bowel loops through the eyelet was performed without difficulty, observing good viability of the loops, and the eyelet was opened with scissors leaving the omentum open at the distal end. The patient was discharged on the 5th postoperative day tolerating oral diet, with transit and the surgical wound without signs of infection. Conclusion Although CT is the best diagnostic test for TH its preoperative diagnosis remains difficult. In the case of suspected TH, early exploratory laparoscopy is a correct technique that can preserve the viability of the bowel.

Pyow-Hack: Ordered Compositions in Lewis-Skyrms Signaling Games

AbstractThis paper presents a Lewis-Skyrms signaling game that can exhibit a type of compositionality novel to the signaling game literature. The structure of the signaling game is motivated by an analogy to the alarm calls of putty-nosed monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans). Putty-nosed monkeys display a compositional system of alarm calls with a semantics that is sensitive to the ordering of terms. This sensitivity to the ordering of terms has not been previously modeled with a Lewis-Skyrms signaling game literature. Signaling games are valued for showing how communicative systems can arise with minimal learning tools. Simulation results show that basic (Roth-Erev) reinforcement learning is sufficient for the acquisition of a compositional signaling system sensitive to the ordering of terms.

Design and Fabrication of a Smart Monitoring System for Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Operated Cars Based on Global System Mobile

In this paper, a low-cost smart system is designed and fabricated to monitor gas leakage in LPG-based cars. The implemented system consists of three gas sensors installed in the joints of the gas pipes, gas cylinders, and injectors for the purpose of gas leak monitoring. In addition, the LM 35 temperature sensor is situated over the gas cylinder to monitor its temperature. The implemented system can provide three types of alarm: the first type sends a text message to the car owner’s phone and emits an audible alarm signal. The message reaches the service center also. The second type sends messages via Bluetooth to the user’s phone or to the smart screen on the vehicle’s dashboard, with an alert that the engine must be turned off (emergency case). The last warning sends an overheating alarm signal, utilizing a temperature sensor when the temperature of the gas cylinder exceeds 50°C to provide protection and prevent a possible explosion. In practice, it was found that gas sensors should be placed less than 5 cm from the monitored site, and the best performance at work was under 55°C. It was also found that the best performance of the GSM unit is under 55°C.